Psychological Benefits of Adventure Tourism

Adventure tourism, characterized by activities involving risk, challenge, and excitement in natural environments, has gained significant attention due to its potential psychological benefits. This paper delves into the scientific exploration of the psychological advantages associated with engaging in adventure tourism. Drawing from a comprehensive review of existing literature, theoretical frameworks, and empirical evidence, the paper elucidates the profound impact of adventure tourism on individuals\u27 mental well-being. The paper begins by defining adventure tourism and highlighting its escalating popularity worldwide. It establishes the crucial link between psychological well-being and adventure tourism, emphasizing the importance of understanding and promoting mental health benefits in outdoor recreational activities. The conceptual framework encompasses various theories such as flow theory, biophilia hypothesis, and nature connectedness, providing a theoretical basis for examining the psychological dimensions of adventure tourism experiences. Through an in-depth analysis of empirical studies and case examples, the paper explores the diverse psychological benefits offered by adventure tourism. These benefits include stress reduction, coping mechanisms development, enhancement of self-esteem and self-confidence, and the cultivation of resilience and adaptability. The empirical evidence presented underscores the positive psychological transformations experienced by individuals participating in adventure tourism activities. Furthermore, the paper addresses methodological considerations, including research design, sampling techniques, and data collection methods employed in studying the psychological effects of adventure tourism. It also discusses challenges and ethical considerations associated with promoting mental well-being in adventure tourism contexts. Based on the findings, the paper offers recommendations and best practices for adventure tourism operators, policymakers, and practitioners to optimize the psychological benefits for participants. It concludes by advocating for continued research and the integration of mental health support into adventure tourism programs, highlighting the immense potential of adventure tourism as a catalyst for enhancing individuals\u27 psychological well-being

Loan Recovery in Maimana Islamic Investment and Finance Cooperative Microfinance Institution

MIIFC is one of the financial institutions operating in financial sector in Faryab province of Afghanistan. One of the most important problems of financial institutions is the recovery of the loans from the borrowers. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of loan recovery in MIIFC micro finance institution. The statistical population of this research is the borrowers of MIIFC micro finance institution, the sample size is 300 and the stratified random sampling technique was employed. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistic, the quantitative method has been analysed by descriptive statistic with statistical package SPSS (24) and empirical analysis is conducted by using binary logistic regression model to stablish of all explanatory variables. The results show that from these variables, only economic and political situation, number of loans taken, penalty of delay, gender and debt guarantee have a significant relationship with loan repayment. The marital status, education level, age, monthly expenditure, loan utilization, literacy, income-increasing debt, relative location, type of loan, group loan, amount of repayment, repayment period, interest rate on the loan, number of families, loan utilization training and pre-loan purpose have no relationship with loan recovery

Rational Dialogues and Its Constructive Social-Cultural Functions

One of the tools that human civilizations use today to understand each other and resolve misunderstandings is dialogue. Dialogue can reduce social distances and bridge human and cultural gaps. In this research, the social and path-opening functions of dialogue as a bridge between social, political and cultural groups have been discussed. Dialogue is a dynamic process, which has two aspects of collective and social nature. Also, with the logic of dialogue and the method of conversation, it is possible to create a bridge over social, political and ethnic gaps and connect people and groups together. The purpose of writing this article is to explain and describe the functions of dialogue, whether it is possible to fill the social, gender, cultural and cognitive gaps in a society with this method. Today\u27s democratic political systems use dialogue as a communication and cognitive bridge between themselves and the nations. Because there are many similarities between bridge and dialogue, which are also discussed in this article. Due to the fact that dialogue has a collective nature and gathering character, this research with a survey method seeks to know the importance, position and role of dialogue in reducing conflicts in social and cultural relationships. The question is, can this collective character and collection of dialogue prevent the separation and division of people and social groups and reduce misunderstandings towards each other. In addition to the theoretical part of this article, a descriptive-analytical method has been used by distributing the questionnaire. The statistical population of Badakhshan University is considered. The findings of this research indicate that dialogue is one of the appropriate ways to connect social division in a society. Based on the findings, dialogue is like a bridge, which can fill and connect social, linguistic, cultural, ethnic and political gaps. (80%) of the sample population considered the role and importance of dialogue in reducing social misunderstandings, preventing violent social, linguistic and ethnic conflicts

Inter-Caste Marriage and Caste Prejudice: A Study of Perumal Murugan’s Novel ‘Pyre’

The 21st century is an era of science and advancement. Due to this advancement, there is an evident threat of climate change, global warming, health issues and biological warfare. In this scenario, our lives are changing rapidly. But one thing that has not changed yet is the caste-system. People are still embedded in caste. The notion of purity and practice of endogamy have contributed in the establishment of the caste system. Endogamy is a founding element of the caste system. It is because of this that caste has become an unaltered force of Indian society. The consequences of inter-caste marriage are often horrible. Couples are rarely accepted by the family and society. Excommunication, torture, honor killing and murder are the consequences of inter-caste marriage. Inter- caste marriage is a great contribution in the eradication of the caste system. Inter-caste marriages not only cast the caste but also bring social harmony and feeling of interdependence among people belonging to different caste. But unfortunately, inter-caste marriages are unaccepted and considered offensive. The present novel ‘Pyre’ illustrates the ethos that leads a community to give their judgment against inter-caste marriage

Research on Factors that Influence the Employment of Foreigners in China

In the era of global economic integration and a rapidly changing international workforce, China has witnessed a significant increase in the number of foreign workers, especially since its accession to the WTO. This influx has disrupted China\u27s labor market equilibrium and raised substantial challenges related to national sovereignty, security, social order, and public health. The Chinese legislative landscape grapples with various issues, such as delays in legislation, unclear regulatory boundaries, gaps in emerging sectors, lenient penalties for illegal employment, and inadequate coordination among law enforcement agencies. This paper holds both theoretical and practical importance as it aims to tackle these problems, proposing potential solutions to issues arising from the illicit employment of foreigners. Drawing insights from global legislative practices and emphasizing the safeguarding of domestic labor, this paper seeks to establish a comprehensive legislative framework for foreign employment in China, including provisions for exceptions to equal treatment. Additionally, it advocates for stricter employer accountability and penalties for illegal employment, highlighting the urgent need for improved cooperation and efficiency among law enforcement agencies. Beyond addressing domestic challenges, this paper also promotes international cooperation in foreign labor management, aligning with evolving global standards and continuously enhancing China\u27s legal framework

Impact of Work-Life Conflict on Employee Performance: A Study of Kabul Afghanistan

In today\u27s developing world, the matter of work-life conflict and its impact on employee performance was the focal point of organizational behavioral researchers for decades. Each individual engaged in a struggle to uphold their rights and aimed to attain a reputable position to enhance their living standards for a more comfortable life. The efforts exerted by employees to earn a livelihood were not solely for personal success but also for the betterment of their family life and safety. This study investigated the work-life conflict and its impact on employee performance in the cultural context of Afghanistan. Open-ended questionnaires were used as a technique for data collection from survey respondents who lived and worked in non-government organizations in Kabul, Afghanistan. Kabul was chosen as the survey location due to its status as the capital and largest population city in Afghanistan. The aim was to explore the work-life matters of Kabul\u27s inhabitants and understand their impact on the workforce in various non-government organizations in the city. A qualitative research method was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary approaches for data and information collection. Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaires. The research provided sufficient information about work-life conflicts and their impact on employee performance, contributing to changes in skills and attitudes. Non-government organizations in Afghanistan actively sought to enhance flexibility and openness for all individuals, including stakeholders, managers, subordinates, and clients. Both non-government and private organizations in Afghanistan focused on furthering improvements and progress for their employees

Being in between the Gender in Indian Society: A Study on the Films Chitrangada and Nagarkirtan

The Indian society is a patriarchal one believing in heterosexual normalcy, invalidating all other gender identities. Although people who are “in between” the gender have always desired for social acceptability, their existence is still not acknowledged in this society. Rudra, a gay and Puti, a transgender are the two protagonists from the films Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish (2012) and Nagarkirtan (2017) face challenges for not belonging to the existing gender binary in Indian society. Their journey is filled with toxicity and marginalization for their unconventional gender identity. This study focuses on how this patriarchal gender system has been oppressive towards the non-conformists. It also explores why homosexual and transgender individuals feel to undergo the transsexual transition to conform to the heterosexual dichotomy of the society. This is a qualitative content analysis. Considering two Indian films as its primary source, it explores several past researches as its secondary source. This article draws ideas from LGBTQ++ theory, "Gender Performativity" theory by Judith Butler, and "Representation" theory by Stuart Hall

Exploring Effective Strategies and Activities to Teach English in EFL Classes

This study is going to explore most effective strategies and activities in order to use them in Afghanistan EFL classes to teach English language skills and elements like reading, writing, speaking, grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary and listening effectively.  This study is an experimental design in which the researcher used from the experiences of his participants who are experienced English language instructors in Afghanistan Higher Education. In this study qualitative approach is used and data were gathered by semi-structured interview from four experienced English language instructors. The results indicated that as English language has several skills and elements like Reading, Writing, Speaking, Listening, Vocabulary and Grammar; there are unique or specific strategies and activities for each individual skills and elements to use them in order to teach language effectively in EFL classes

The Use of Irony and Satire in Contemporary British Poetry: A Study of Simon Armitage and Carol Ann Duffy

This article focuses on studying how Simon Armitage and Carol Ann Duffy incorporate irony and satire in their poetry. The poems selected for analysis from Armitage\u27s collection include \u27Kid\u27, \u27Killing Time\u27, and \u27Thank you for waiting\u27, while Duffy\u27s chosen poems are \u27The Little-Red Cap\u27, \u27Mrs. Midas\u27, and \u27Anne Hathaway\u27. By closely examining these poems, it becomes evident that both authors skillfully employ irony and satire to enhance their literary works. The article adopts an analytical approach, employing methods of comparison and analysis to explore this aspect

Positive Online Customer Reviews Significantly Boost Sales for Micro-Businesses

Online customer evaluations are a great resource for shoppers, and this study intends to examine them. It highlights the difficulty of making the correct selections from merchant websites because of the abundance of possibilities. The most recent findings about the links and connections between OCRs and consumers\u27 intentions to buy are analyzed in this research. Here we take a look at the most important aspects of OCRs and how these influence consumers\u27 propensity to buy. Many product reviews affect consumers\u27 propensity to make a purchase, with an eye on conversion rates. The author used the Prisma Model, which incorporates 390 studies from different sources (including Google Scholar and 85 extra web pages), to draw our conclusions. The results demonstrated that: (1) customer reviews on the internet positively and significantly impact purchasing decisions and (2) online customer reviews positively and significantly impact trust. Two studies look at how different industries\u27 purchasing patterns are affected by consumer feedback. Bringing attention to the impact of reviews on awareness and persuasive outcomes