From Learning Style to E-Learning Style: A Paradigm Shift in Digital Era

The swift progression of digital technologies has sparked a revolutionary change in educational paradigms, displacing conventional learning approaches with virtual learning environments. This paper, titled "From Learning Style to e-learning style: A Paradigm Shift in the Digital Era," explores the implications, challenges, and opportunities presented by this transition.  For many years, educational techniques have been led by models such as VARK and Kolb which categorise traditional learning patterns. These approaches have been redefined by the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education, which makes use of digital technologies to provide more individualised and interactive learning opportunities. This study looks at the factors that have caused this change, such as changes in learner demographics, technology improvements, and the effects of major world events like the COVID-19 epidemic. It draws attention to the advantages of online learning, including its improved flexibility, accessibility, and ability to foster interaction through multimedia resources. The study also discusses the difficulties brought about by the digital divide and the necessity of professional development for teachers. The research highlights the efficacy of ICT interventions in enhancing educational results for varied learner groups by examining case studies and real-world applications. The results indicate that although e-learning has many benefits, overcoming its obstacles and reaching its full potential will take a coordinated effort. In order to build inclusive and productive e-learning environments in the digital era, stakeholders are given guidelines in the paper\u27s conclusion

Critical Analysis of Gaps in the Clinical Establishments Act, 2010: A Policy Implementation Perspective

The Clinical Establishments Act (CEA) of 2010 represents India\u27s landmark attempt to standardize healthcare regulation nationwide, yet its implementation has been characterized by significant disparities and systemic challenges. This policy analysis examines eight critical gaps in the CEA\u27s design and implementation, documenting both structural limitations and procedural shortcomings that have hindered its effectiveness. Using an implementation science framework, we analyze how federalism challenges, enforcement limitations, rural provider burdens, absent patient protection mechanisms, and digital integration failures collectively undermine the Act\u27s potential. Our findings reveal that while the CEA provides an important regulatory foundation, its impact is seriously hampered by patchy adoption, weak enforcement mechanisms, disproportionate burdens on smaller providers, and failure to address key dimensions of healthcare quality and access. We propose targeted reforms including tiered standards for different facility types, integrated digital compliance mechanisms, mandatory patient grievance systems, price transparency requirements, and harmonization of overlapping regulations. This analysis provides essential context for understanding regional implementation variations and developing more effective, equitable approaches to healthcare regulation in India\u27s diverse healthcare landscape

Navigating the Transitional Space Between Tradition and Modernity: The Challenges and Opportunities of Education in Tribal Communities of Peren District, Nagaland

This study examines the shift from indigenous learning to formal education in Peren district, Nagaland, and its impact on cultural continuity. Through qualitative interviews with educators, students, parents, and elders, alongside analysis of existing research and policy frameworks, it explores challenges faced by tribal communities and opportunities for integrating traditional knowledge into modern education. While formal education boosts access to knowledge and opportunities, it often erodes indigenous practices. Using a qualitative approach, the study captures lived experiences and cultural nuances, supplemented by case studies of institutions blending tribal knowledge into curricula. It aims to propose strategies for culturally inclusive education and inform policy discussions on balancing traditional and modern knowledge systems

Pink Tax; Women’s Tax for Being a Woman!

This article based on current scenario of differential behaviour with consumer’s based on their gender identity as hidden charges of belonging to that gender.  I tried to divide my article into in first part in tries to introduce my topic   by giving definition and evolution of the taxation system by the state authority to the other’s (market holders) with this I try to analysis how it impacts our public life. After this in second part I tries to explain the types of gender based hidden taxation manipulative tactics like gender marketing, brand value, VAT as sales tax or luxury or premium tax from targeted consumers and many other forms of discriminatory behaviour after this, I explain reason and factor that causing this phenomenon by explaining the both side perception (consumer and market producers). At last I  explained the precautions like awareness ,  multipurpose  item, gender neutral, comparative sell, read label , and by applying other steps we can save us by    trapping into the hidden tax web trap at we can finally vanish this discriminatory conditions .In final part   conclusion of the whole scenario take place where I interpret the whole article by giving final statement of the article that pink tax is not about only women’s but it also about the loop holes of our society  in which we cannot create a fair ,equal, justiciable, for this we need self-aware society for our own empowerment and betterment is the only solution of the problematic situation

A Study on PF Non-Refundable Withdrawal Processes: Identification of Gaps and Development of New SOPs

Provident Fund (PF) is one of the major social security benefits for Indian employees, giving them long-term financial security. The provision of Non-Refundable Withdrawal (NRW) enables employees to withdraw part of their PF for expenses like a house, education, or a medical emergency. Efficient PF withdrawals are a priority in big companies for the sake of employee contentment and adherence. This research analyzes the current PF NRW process and determines procedural gaps and suggests a simplified Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Primary data were gathered from HR and PF department staff by a questionnaire survey, and secondary data were gathered from EPFO guidelines. Delays, communication lacunae, and manual inefficiencies are highlighted by the findings, and the SOP proposed seeks to enhance transparency, minimize processing time, and enhance employee experience

BRICS and Its Role in the Economy of Afghanistan and the World

The rapid and accelerating transformations of today’s world at regional and international levels have driven countries toward greater cooperation and interaction. This, in turn, has led to the formation of new alliances or the strengthening—or even weakening—of existing ones. The BRICS organization, comprising emerging economic powers, is one such alliance that began its activities in 2009. With the aim of reshaping the global order, it has quickly become an influential institution in the international arena. This article, using a qualitative approach and a citation-argumentation method, seeks to answer the question: What impact does BRICS have on the global economy? The findings of this study indicate that BRICS has, in a short period, established itself as a new economic pole challenging the West and has gradually extended its influence to security and international politics. If certain challenges and weaknesses facing this institution are addressed, it could play a significant role in reforming the current international system

Role and Importance of Comparative Study of Public Administration

The study of comparative public administration, as one of the important branches of administrative sciences, plays a key role in a deeper understanding of administrative and political systems in different countries. This approach provides the basis for evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of various systems by comparative analysis of administrative structures, processes and functions. The importance of this type of study is not only in identifying the best practices and efficient models of public administration, but also in identifying common global challenges such as administrative corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency and how to improve democratic governance. The comparative study of public administration also enables researchers and policymakers to assess the impact of cultural, economic, and political factors on the functioning of administrative systems and to provide innovative and evidence-based solutions for structural reforms. This type of study, especially in the era of globalization and the increasing complexity of governance issues, is considered an essential tool for promoting transparency, accountability and efficiency in government institutions. In this article, while explaining the theoretical foundations of the comparative study, examples of successful international experiences and their impact on improving decision-making and policy-making processes in different societies have been analyzed

Article Review: Concepts of Acid, Bases and Practical Applications of Chemistry Across Various Aspects of Daily Lives of People in Ancient India

The concepts of acids and bases can be traced back to ancient civilizations like Greece, China, and India, where people observed the properties of various substances like vinegar, citrus fruits, and mineral ores. Indian civilization is one of the oldest civilizations. Ancient India made significant contribution to the field of science especially in medicines and metallurgy. During the primitive period in India, scholars continued to study the properties of various natural substances, including fruits and minerals. The practical applications of various plant extracts, metals and minerals extend across various aspects of daily lives of people in ancient India, including healthcare, agriculture, environmental protection, and the food. This review article describes various concepts of acid and bases in the Indian history and applications of various natural and processed materials across various aspects of daily lives of people in ancient India. The purpose of this review is to emphasize upon the contribution of Indian civilization in the field of Chemistry

Ajit Doval: Strategic Architecture of Intelligence and Deterrence in the 21st Century A Comprehensive Multi-Theoretical Analysis of India\u27s Transformation Under a Master Strategist

This comprehensive study examines Ajit Kumar Doval\u27s transformative impact on India\u27s national security architecture through multiple theoretical lenses spanning strategic studies, complexity science, cognitive psychology, systems theory, and game theory. Employing what we term "theoretical triangulation," this analysis demonstrates how Doval\u27s approach represents a paradigmatic shift in 21st-century strategic thinking that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. The study synthesizes extensive primary and secondary sources, including declassified documents, strategic analyses, and scholarly works, to present an integrated theoretical model explaining why Doval deserves recognition as a "Tantra-shiromani" (Master of Strategy). Through systematic analysis of his career trajectory spanning five decades, operational innovations, and institutional transformations, this work contributes to the growing body of literature on strategic leadership in an era of complex, multi-domain challenges. The research reveals that Doval\u27s strategic methodology represents a synthesis of Eastern contemplative practices with Western scientific approaches, creating novel frameworks for understanding and addressing contemporary security challenges. Our findings suggest that his innovations constitute more than individual excellence—they represent a fundamental transformation in how strategic challenges are conceptualized, planned, and executed in the modern era

Investigating the Effect of Different Amounts of Chicken Manure on the Growth and Development of Watercress

This research was conducted in the year of 2021 in the form of a completely randomized design (RCD) in agricultural the research farm of Faryab University. The implementation of this research in order to investigate the effect of different amounts of chicken manure on the growth and development of sharp leek is extremely important. The purpose of this research is to determine the appropriate amount of chicken manure and its effect on the growth and development (plant height, leaf width, number of leaves, total plant weight, total root weight, number of secondary roots and root length) of watercress. The method of carrying out this research is experimental, which was carried out in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Faryab University with 4 treatments, each treatment having 3 repetitions, each treatments include the first treatment (control / control), the second treatment (3 tons of chicken manure per acre), the third treatment (4 tons of chicken manure per acre) and the fourth treatment (5 tons of chicken manure per acre). In the implementation of this research, the parameters such as: plant height, leaf width, number of leaves, total plant weight, total root weight, number of secondary roots and root length were accurately evaluated and analysed by appropriate statistical methods. The result of the research indicated that the highest yield was recorded in the fourth treatment (5 tons of chicken manure per acre) with 2152 kg per acre and the lowest yield in the first treatment (control/control) with 1234 kg per acre and the difference in production which product between the first and fourth treatment is 918 kg per acre