Gas phase hydrogen permeation in alpha titanium and carbon steels

Commercially pure titanium and heats of Armco ingot iron and steels containing from 0.008-1.23 w/oC were annealed or normalized and machined into hollow cylinders. Coefficients of diffusion for alpha-Ti and alpha-Fe were determined by the lag-time technique. Steady state permeation experiments yield first power pressure dependence for alpha-Ti and Sievert's law square root dependence for Armco iron and carbon steels. As in the case of diffusion, permeation data confirm that alpha-titanium is subject to at least partial phase boundary reaction control while the steels are purely diffusion controlled. The permeation rate in steels also decreases as the carbon content increases. As a consequence of Sievert's law, the computed hydrogen solubility decreases as the carbon content increases. This decreases in explained in terms of hydrogen trapping at carbide interfaces. Oxidizing and nitriding the surfaces of alpha-titanium membranes result in a decrease in the permeation rate for such treatment on the gas inlet surfaces but resulted in a slight increase in the rate for such treatment on the gas outlet surfaces. This is explained in terms of a discontinuous TiH2 layer

A technique for correcting ERTS data for solar and atmospheric effects

The author has identified the following significant results. Based on processing ERTS CCTs and ground truth measurements collected on Michigan test site for January through June 1973 the following results are reported: (1) atmospheric transmittance varies from: 70 to 85% in band 4, 77 to 90% in band 5, 80 to 94% in band 6, and 84 to 97% in band 7 for one air mass; (2) a simple technique was established to determine atmospheric scattering seen by ERTS-1 from ground-based measurements of sky radiance. For March this scattering was found to be equivalent to that produced by a target having a reflectance of 11% in band 4, 5% in band 5, 3% in band 6, and 1% in band 7; (3) computer ability to classify targets under various atmospheric conditions was determined. Classification accuracy on some targets (i.e. bare soil, tended grass, etc.) hold up even under the most severe atmospheres encountered, while performance on other targets (trees, urban, rangeland, etc.) degrades rapidly when atmospheric conditions change by the smallest amount

Large-amplitude chirped coherent phonons in tellurium mediated by ultrafast photoexcited carrier diffusion

We report femtosecond time-resolved reflectivity measurements of coherent phonons in tellurium performed over a wide range of temperatures (3K to 296K) and pump laser intensities. A totally symmetric A$_{1}$ coherent phonon at 3.6 THz responsible for the oscillations in the reflectivity data is observed to be strongly positively chirped (i.e, phonon time period decreases at longer pump-probe delay times) with increasing photoexcited carrier density, more so at lower temperatures. We show for the first time that the temperature dependence of the coherent phonon frequency is anomalous (i.e, increasing with increasing temperature) at high photoexcited carrier density due to electron-phonon interaction. At the highest photoexcited carrier density of $\sim$ 1.4 $\times$ 10$^{21}$cm$^{-3}$ and the sample temperature of 3K, the lattice displacement of the coherent phonon mode is estimated to be as high as $\sim$ 0.24 \AA. Numerical simulations based on coupled effects of optical absorption and carrier diffusion reveal that the diffusion of carriers dominates the non-oscillatory electronic part of the time-resolved reflectivity. Finally, using the pump-probe experiments at low carrier density of 6 $\times$ 10$^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$, we separate the phonon anharmonicity to obtain the electron-phonon coupling contribution to the phonon frequency and linewidth.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR

Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Methicillin‐Susceptible and Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Purpose Staphylococcus aureus is a highly successful human pathogen responsible for wide range of infections. In this study, we provide insights into the virulence, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance determinants of methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; MRSA) recovered from non‐healthcare environments. Experiment design Three environmental MSSA and three environmental MRSA were selected for proteomic profiling using iTRAQ MS/MS. Gene Ontology (GO) Annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway Annotation were applied to interpret the functions of the proteins detected. Results 792 proteins were identified in MSSA and MRSA. Comparative analysis of MRSA and MSSA revealed that 8 of out 792 proteins were up‐regulated and 156 were down‐regulated. Proteins that had differences in abundance were predominantly involved in catalytic and binding activity. Among 164 differently abundant proteins, 29 were involved in pathogenesis, antimicrobial resistance, stress response, mismatch repair and cell wall synthesis. Twenty‐two proteins associated with pathogenicity, including spa, sbi, clfA and dlt were up‐regulated in MRSA. Moreover, the up‐regulated pathogenic protein entC2 in MSSA was determined to be a super antigen potentially capable of triggering toxic shock syndrome in the host. Conclusions Enhanced pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance and stress response were observed in MRSA compared to MSSA

An alternative explanation for the density depletions observed by Freja and Viking satellites

In this paper, we have studied the linear and nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic waves in the presence of electrons that follow the generalized (r,q) distribution. It has been shown that for positive values of r, which correspond to a flat-topped electron velocity distribution, the nonlinear ion acoustic waves admit rarefactive solitary structures or density depletions. It has been shown that the generalized (r,q) distribution function provides another way to explicate the density depletions observed by Freja and Viking satellites previously explained by proposing Cairns distribution function.In this paper, we have studied the linear and nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic waves in the presence of electrons that follow the generalized (r,q) distribution. It has been shown that for positive values of r, which correspond to a flat-topped electron velocity distribution, the nonlinear ion acoustic waves admit rarefactive solitary structures or density depletions. It has been shown that the generalized (r,q) distribution function provides another way to explicate the density depletions observed by Freja and Viking satellites previously explained by proposing Cairns distribution function

Development of a three-dimensional time-dependent flow field model

A three-dimensional, time-dependent mathematical model to represent Mobile Bay was developed. Computer programs were developed which numerically solve the appropriate conservation equations for predicting bay and estuary flow fields. The model is useful for analyzing the dispersion of sea water into fresh water and the transport of sediment, and for relating field and physical model data

Domination Integrity of Some Path Related Graphs

The stability of a communication network is one of the important parameters for network designers and users. A communication network can be considered to be highly vulnerable if the destruction of a few elements cause large damage and only few members are able to communicate. In a communication network several vulnerability measures like binding number, toughness, scattering number, integrity, tenacity, edge tenacity and rupture degree are used to determine the resistance of network to the disruption after the failure of certain nodes (vertices) or communication links (edges). Domination theory also provides a model to measure the vulnerability of a graph network. The domination integrity of a simple connected graph is one such measure. Here we determine the domination integrity of square graph of path as well as the graphs obtained by composition (lexicographic product) of two paths

Domination integrity of total graphs

The domination integrity of a simple connected graph G is a measure of vulnerability of a graph. Here we determine the domination integrity of total graphs of path Pn, cycle Cn and star K1,n.Publisher's Versio