Some extrinsic factors affecting the performance of an image-forming optical system

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Cure by age and stage at diagnosis for colorectal cancer patients in North West England, 1997-2004: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Stage and age at diagnosis are important prognostic factors for patients with colorectal cancer. However, the proportion cured by stage and age is unknown in England. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population-based study includes 29,563 adult patients who were diagnosed and registered with colorectal cancer during 1997-2004 and followed till 2007 in North West England. Multiple imputation was used to provide more reliable estimates of stage at diagnosis, when these data were missing. Cure mixture models were used to estimate the proportion 'cured' and the median survival of the uncured by age and stage. RESULTS: For both colon and rectal cancer the proportion of patients cured and median survival time of the uncured decreased with advancing stage and increasing age. Patients aged under 65 years had the highest proportion cured and longest median survival of the uncured. CONCLUSION: Cure of colorectal cancer patients is dependent on stage and age at diagnosis with younger patients or those with less advanced disease having a better prognosis. Further efforts are required, in order to reduce the proportion of patients presenting with stage III and IV disease and ultimately increase the chance of cure

¿Cuán eficiente es el mapa de NBIs como instrumento para la focalización del gasto?

This paper is a contribution to the improvement of the social expenditure's focalization agenda. It focuses in government expenditures programs against poverty. To efficiently reach the goals, these programs must be included at the level of the universal and permanent programs. Once included these programs could provide a minimum set of equality opportunities, securing adequate nutrition, health, education, justice and housing services. After a critical survey on methods of poverty measurement, we propose a New Poverty Map, which could be used to efficiently allocate government resources. This takes into account the consumption needs of the population, income inequality, and the severity of the poverty. In our results we emphasize that people participation is a key element favoring the communities’ development, the deepening of the democratic system and the strengthening of the accountability processes.El propósito de este artículo es contribuir a la mejora de los procesos de focalización del gasto social, en particular de aquellos gastos de inversión social que ejecuta el gobierno a través de los programas de lucha contra la pobreza, los mismos que sólo serán eficaces si se enmarcan eficientemente dentro de los programas permanentes y de carácter universal que permiten sentar un piso mínimo de igualdad de oportunidades, garantizando el acceso a servicios de calidad adecuada en nutrición, salud, educación, justicia y vivienda básicas. Luego de analizar aspectos tales como los diferentes métodos de medición de pobreza y lo que dicen e ignoran los indicadores más usados, se propone un nuevo instrumento de asignación de recursos sobre la base de la construcción de un Nuevo Mapa de Pobreza que tome en cuenta los déficit de consumo de la población, los niveles de desigualdad y el grado de severidad de la pobreza que afrontan. Asimismo, se destaca la importancia de la participación de la población beneficiaria como elemento clave para el propio proceso de desarrollo de las comunidades y la profundización del sistema democrático a través del fortalecimiento de las capacidades de 'accountability' por parte de la sociedad civil

Recommendations for Increasing Cultural Sensitivity in IPT for College Students (IPT-CS)

Research in Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) has recently turned to adaptation studies in diverse populations. Minoritized college students represent multiple groups within individualized contexts, therefore effective treatments for this population should reflect its diversity. An ongoing project at IMPACT lab is validating a short-form adaptation of group IPT for college students (IPC-CS) to serve this population. This poster will present the state of the literature of culturally adapted IPT, with a special focus on populations relevant to universities. It will then provide recommendations based on the literature and data collected at IMPACT for further accommodating diversity in university mental health interventions

KEBIJAKAN PIDANA DALAM PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA CARDING MENURUT KETENTUAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2008 SEBAGAIMANA TELAH DIUBAH DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK

ABSTRAKRYAN SHACK SYAH, 2018 Dr. Dahlan Ali, S.H., M.HumPerkembangan teknologi dan internet dewasa ini tidak selalu memberikan efek terhadap hal-hal yang positif. namun juga terdapat hal-hal negatif yang memberikan efek samping walaupun disatu sisi banyak manfaat yang diperoleh namun juga tidak menutup kemungkinan banyak menyebabkan munculnya jenis kejahatan-kejahatan baru, yaitu dengan memanfaatkan komputer sebagai modus operandi seperti halnya kejahatan carding (pencurian data kartu kredit) yang merupakan salah satu jenis kejahatan di dunia cybercrime. Hilangnya batas ruang dan waktu di dunia maya mengubah segala hal yang terdapat didalamnya. Seorang Carder dapat masuk ke sebuah server tanpa izin (unauthorized access). Tujuannya ialah untuk mendapatkan barang tanpa harus membayar atau untuk mendapatkan dana yang tidak sah dari akun kartu kredit milik orang lain.Permasalahan yang muncul adalah faktor apa yang dapat menyebabkan seseorang menyalahgunakan komputer untuk melakukan suatu kejahatan carding serta bagaimana kebijakan pidana dalam penanggulangan kejahatan carding, karena pada dasarnya peraturan perundang-undangan di indonesia belum sepenuhnya mampu mengatasi persoalan terkait kejahatan tersebut atau dengan kata lain terdapat suatu kekosongan hukumPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) serta pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach) yang dimana akan mencoba menelaah asas-asas hukum internasional yang terdapat di dalam Council of Europe - Convention on Cybercrime dan UU ITE. Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan tentang penyebab seseorang melakukan kejahatan dapat menggunakan pendekatan melalui beberapa teori-teori menurut para ahli. Meskipun bersifat abstraks, teori diperlukan untuk mengkaji mengapa ada manusia yang melakukan suatu kejahatan dan melanggar hukum. Selain itu dengan metode yang digunakan, maka dapat diketahui kejahatan carding merupakan kejahatan transnasional dan untuk mencegahnya diperlukan penerapan yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial yang didampingi dengan perjanjian internasional yaitu Council of Europe - Convention on Cybercrime dan menambahkan beberapa pasal yang sebelumnya tidak diatur di dalam UU ITE sesuai dengan ketentuan konvensi tersebut

Study of an instrument for sensing errors in a telescope wavefront

Focal plane sensors for determining the error in a telescope wavefront were investigated. The construction of three candidate test instruments and their evaluation in terms of small wavefront error aberration measurements are described. A laboratory wavefront simulator was designed and fabricated to evaluate the test instruments. The laboratory wavefront error simulator was used to evaluate three tests; a Hartmann test, a polarization shearing interferometer test, and an interferometric Zernike test

The design, construction and testing of the optics for a 147-cm-aperture telescope

Geodetic optics research for the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (AFCRL) is described. The work consisted mainly of the fabrication of the optical components for a telescope with a 152-cm-diam (60-in.) primary mirror masked down to 147-cm-diam for use by the AFCRL for a lunar ranging experiment. Among the achievements of this contract were the following: completion of the primary and secondary mirrors for a high-quality 147-cm-diam telescope system in eight months from the start of edging the primary; manufacture and testing of a unique center mount for the primary according to an AFCRL design that allowed for a thin-edged and therefore less-massive mirror; and development of a quantitative analysis of the wire test for calculating the departure of the mirror figure from the design figure quickly and accurately after each polishing step. This analysis method in conjunction with a knowledge of polishing rates for given weights and diameters of tools, mirror, and polishing materials should considerably reduce the polishing time required for future large mirrors

An assessment of data related to inspections of risk factors for public swimming pools

Background: The Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) is mandated to ensure that public swimming pools are safe for those who use them. This mandate is carried out by the DPH and local environmental health professionals through regulations and inspections. In 2015, legislation was introduced proposing to reduce the authority of the DPH to inspect certain pool types (apartments, subdivision, condominiums) and thus reduce regulatory protections in place for swimmers. To ensure that the DPH had current information on the risks associated with pools, the EH team, with assistance from a graduate student, analyzed inspection data to evaluate risk factors associated with these pool types and summarized drownings and waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDOs). Methods: Pool inspection data (n=4,441 pools) for 2014 were retrieved from the Environmental Health Information System (EHIS) of the DPH. Data from the 2010 Census and epidemiological data on drownings and water-borne disease outbreaks (WBDOs) were also evaluated. Data were stratified by public health district and type/number of pools and analyzed for selected violations of health risk factors (pH, barriers, disinfectant residual). Drownings and WBDOs were described and summarized. Results: Approximately 55% of inspected pools were for apartments, condominiums, and subdivisions. These pool types were consistently cited by inspectors for the selected risk factors and ranked in the top five for these violations. In 2013, children aged 1-17 had the highest percentage (30%) of deaths from drowning. In 2001-2014, there were 28 WBDOs, with 39% occurring at public pool venues. Conclusions: Data from this research provided information on risks associated with pools and supported the importance of inspection programs for public swimming pools. The data were used to inform policy makers on the risks associated with the pool venues under legislative review. These data, combined with other risk factor information, were utilized by the DPH to inform training needs and to reinforce public health messaging on protecting swimmer health

An Assessment of Data Related to Inspections of Risk Factors for Public Swimming Pools

Background: The Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) is mandated to ensure that public swimming pools are safe for those who use them. This mandate is carried out by the DPH and local environmental health professionals through regulations and inspections. In 2015, legislation was introduced proposing to reduce the authority of the DPH to inspect certain pool types (apartments, subdivision, condominiums) and thus reduce regulatory protections in place for swimmers. To ensure that the DPH had current information on the risks associated with pools, the EH team, with assistance from a graduate student, analyzed inspection data to evaluate risk factors associated with these pool types and summarized drownings and waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDOs). Methods: Pool inspection data (n=4,441 pools) for 2014 were retrieved from the Environmental Health Information System (EHIS) of the DPH. Data from the 2010 Census and epidemiological data on drownings and water-borne disease outbreaks (WBDOs) were also evaluated. Data were stratified by public health district and type/number of pools and analyzed for selected violations of health risk factors (pH, barriers, disinfectant residual). Drownings and WBDOs were described and summarized. Results: Approximately 55% of inspected pools were for apartments, condominiums, and subdivisions. These pool types were consistently cited by inspectors for the selected risk factors and ranked in the top five for these violations. In 2013, children aged 1-17 had the highest percentage (30%) of deaths from drowning. In 2001-2014, there were 28 WBDOs, with 39% occurring at public pool venues. Conclusions: Data from this research provided information on risks associated with pools and supported the importance of inspection programs for public swimming pools. The data were used to inform policy makers on the risks associated with the pool venues under legislative review. These data, combined with other risk factor information, were utilized by the DPH to inform training needs and to reinforce public health messaging on protecting swimmer health