Perception of Spanish medical students with regard to working abroad. The role of the university and scientific conferences

Objetivos: Los estudiantes de medicina de las universidades españolas que muestran interés por la investigación tienden a querer desarrollar su carrera en el extranjero o a percibir que en otros países es más sencillo investigar que en España. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar aquellos parámetros que influyen en esta percepción. Métodos: Realizamos una encuesta con 15 ítems, recogiendo la “experiencia en investigación”, “opinión sobre el papel de la universidad e instituciones”, “interés y conocimiento en investigación”, “percepción sobre emigrar al extranjero” y “opinión acerca de los congresos científicos de estudiantes”, que fue rellenada por 288 estudiantes de diversas facultades de medicina de España. Realizamos un análisis estadístico mediante tests de correlación de Pearson y test T de Student. Resultados: Los principales resultados de nuestro estudio muestran que los estudiantes con mayor interés y conocimiento en investigación poseen una mayor predisposición a emigrar al extranjero. Asimismo, estos estudiantes tienen una peor opinión acerca de las facilidades que la universidad y entidades públicas destinan en España a ello, teniendo sin embargo una mejor opinión sobre la utilidad de los congresos científicos y experiencias de investigación activas en el extranjero. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio sugiere que las universidades españolas deberían centrar sus esfuerzos en ofrecer a los estudiantes de medicina posibilidades para iniciarse de manera activa y útil en la investigación. Congresos científicos de estudiantes, así como programas universitarios de acceso a la investigación parecen ser las opciones preferidas para evitar esta migración de los talentos científicos médicos de nuestro país.Objectives: Medical students interested in research tend to show a greater predisposition on developing their professional career abroad. They also perceive that developing research in other countries is easier than in Spain. This study is aimed at assessing the parameters that affect this perception. Methods: 288 students from various Spanish medical schools completed a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. This questionnaire assessed “experience in research”, “opinion on the university role in research initiation”, “interest in and knowledge on scientific research”, “perception of emigrating abroad”, and “opinion on scientific conferences for students”. Pearson correlation analysis and Student’s t-tests were applied. Results: Students with greater interest in and knowledge on research presented an increased predisposition on studying abroad and showed a negative opinion on the facilities provided by the Universities and public institutions in Spain. In contrast, they think that scientific conferences are useful and have a good opinion on active research experiences abroad. Conclusions: Our study suggests that Spanish Universities should concentrate their efforts in order to introduce Medical students to research in an active and useful manner. Scientific conferences for students as well as research access programmes seem to be the preferred options to avoid the emigration of Spanish scientific talents

Latin American study of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer LACAM : a genomic epidemiology approach

Q2Q1Artículo original1-13Purpose: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is responsible for ~5–10% of all diagnosed breast and ovarian cancers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Latin America (LA). The main objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the genomic epidemiology of HBOC throughout the establishment of The Latin American consortium for HBOC-LACAM, consisting of specialists from 5 countries in LA and the description of the genomic results from the first phase of the study. Methods: We have recruited 403 individuals that fulfilled the criteria for HBOC from 11 health institutions of Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru. A pilot cohort of 222 individuals was analyzed by NGS gene panels. One hundred forty-three genes were selected on the basis of their putative role in susceptibility to different hereditary cancers. Libraries were sequenced in MiSeq (Illumina, Inc.) and PGM (Ion Torrent-Thermo Fisher Scientific) platforms. Results: The overall prevalence of pathogenic variants was 17% (38/222); the distribution spanned 14 genes and varied by country. The highest relative prevalence of pathogenic variants was found in patients from Argentina (25%, 14/57), followed by Mexico (18%, 12/68), Guatemala (16%, 3/19), and Colombia (13%, 10/78). Pathogenic variants were found in BRCA1 (20%) and BRCA2 (29%) genes. Pathogenic variants were found in other 12 genes, including high and moderate risk genes such as MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, and PALB2. Additional pathogenic variants were found in HBOC unrelated genes such as DCLRE1C, WRN, PDE11A, and PDGFB. Conclusion: In this first phase of the project, we recruited 403 individuals and evaluated the germline genetic alterations in an initial cohort of 222 patients among 4 countries. Our data show for the first time in LA the distribution of pathogenic variants in a broad set of cancer susceptibility genes in HBOC. Even though we used extended gene panels, there was still a high proportion of patients without any detectable pathogenic variant, which emphasizes the larger, unexplored genetic nature of the disease in these populations

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Crítica y comparación de un artículo científico para la asignatura “fundamentos de la investigación y bioética”

El abstract de este artículo no presenta divisiones, lo que dificulta la identificación de sus partes. No obstante, recoge perfectamente todos los apartados del artículo, desde la introducción hasta la discusión, mostrando el objetivo del estudio así como algunos de los aspectos más importantes. La pregunta u objetivo de la investigación debe ser relevante, original y muy bien definida (1). Como dice Jane Rusell (2), un resumen es la representación abreviada y correcta del contenido de un documento, de preferencia preparado por el autor para publicarse junto con el documento (3)

Percepción de cuidado humanizado y factores relacionados, en pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de III y IV nivel de Cartagena, Colombia

Trabajo de Investigación -- Universidad de Cartagena. Facultad de enfermería, 2012Determinar la relación entre la percepción de cuidado humanizado de enfermería y factores relacionados, en pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de III y IV nivel. Dentro de los resultados del presente estudio, los pacientes en general tuvieron una buena percepción de cuidado humanizado lo que demuestra que el personal de enfermería de la institución está capacitado y apto para brindar una buena atención, basando sus cuidados a las necesidades de los pacientes. Factores como: la edad, sexo, escolaridad, especialidad (diagnostico), estancia hospitalaria y hospitalizaciones previas no se asociaron con la percepción de cuidado humanizado

Survival Analysis and Contributing Factors among PCR-Confirmed Adult Inpatients during the Endemic Phase of COVID-19

In May 2023, the global health emergency status of COVID-19 concluded, marking the onset of an endemic era. This study assessed survival rates among PCR-confirmed adult inpatients during this phase and determined contributing factors. Employing a survival analysis approach, this investigation utilized a nationwide Mexican cohort encompassing 152 adult inpatients. Survival rates were computed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and a proportional Cox model identified mortality risk factors. Survival rates remained above 65% on day 14 after admission. Vaccination status, including the number of doses administered, was not significantly associated with fatal outcomes. Chronic kidney disease or a history of immunosuppression (due to any cause) increased mortality risk. Our findings underscore the persistent severity of COVID-19 beyond the global health emergency, emphasizing the necessity for tailored interventions for vulnerable patients

La investigación en atención a la diversidad : propuestas de trabajo

Obra colectiva entorno a la educación especial, con una variedad de temas entre los que destacan: la investigación, educación compensatoria, dificultades, ocio, protección, mejoras, el rendimiento escolar, mujeres, diversificación curricular etc. La obra esta dirigida a los profesores, profesionales de la materia y familia.AndalucíaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort : 2004-2013

To analyze the impact of late presentation (LP) on overall mortality and causes of death and describe LP trends and risk factors (2004-2013). Cox models and logistic regression were used to analyze data from a nation-wide cohort in Spain. LP is defined as being diagnosed when CD4 < 350 cells/ml or AIDS. Of 7165 new HIV diagnoses, 46.9% (CI:45.7-48.0) were LP, 240 patients died.First-year mortality was the highest (aHR = 10.3[CI:5.5-19.3]); between 1 and 4 years post-diagnosis, aHR = 1.9(1.2-3.0); an

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women