Educative evaluation of nutrition policy at schools

El presente trabajo responde a la necesidad de repensar las actuales políticas y acciones dirigidas a la promoción de la salud desde una perspectiva antropológica, especialmente aquellas que atienden a la educación de la alimentación. En concreto, se analizarán las políticas nutricionales, a través de las medidas dirigidas a mejorar la alimentación de la población en los centros escolares, desde un enfoque educativo. Este enfoque consiste, en primer lugar, en valorar diferentes concepciones de la educación alimentaria y definir lo que entendemos nosotros desde una perspectiva integral. De esta definición se extraerán los indicadores que permitirán valorar las 38 acciones, derivadas de las políticas alimentarias y dirigidas a la educación alimentaria en el panorama internacional y nacional, encontradas en una revisión bibliográfica. Siguiendo esta metodología, observamos que la educación alimentaria se organiza en torno a cuatro ejes: su finalidad (cultura, salud, consumo y relación con el medio); su influencia (biológica y social); su organización (estructuralista y desarrollista) y su alcance (individual y comunitario). Por otro lado, en el análisis de medidas se destaca la heterogeneidad existente en cuanto a la finalidad de los programas, la alta prevalencia de programas justificados por el aumento y presencia de patologías derivadas de la alimentación, el enfoque comunitario de las medidas y la deficiencia de inclusión de la educación general en los programas de educación alimentaria. Como conclusión, es necesario profundizar en la comprensión de la alimentación como hecho humano y social, así como en los agentes responsables de la construcción del conocimiento en torno a este hecho. El enfoque educativo, en el diseño de políticas nutricionales y alimentarias es clave para el desarrollo social.This research responds to the need to integrate the theory of education in the design of policies and actions aimed at health promotion. Specifically, nutritional policies will be analyzed, through measures aimed at improving the diet of the population through schools, from an educational approach. This approach consists of defining, first of all, what is meant by education in the food field. From this definition, the indicators that will allow evaluating the 38 actions derived from food policies and aimed at food education, found in a bibliographic review. Following this methodology, we observe that food education is organized around four axes: its purpose (culture, health, consumption or relationship with the environment); its influence (biological or social); its organization (structuralist or developmental), and its kind of relation with education (individual or community).On the other hand, the analysis of measures highlights the existing heterogeneity regarding the purpose of the programs, the high prevalence of programs justified by the increase and presence of pathologies derived from food, the community approach to measures, and deficiency of inclusion of general education in food education programs. In conclusion, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of food as a human and social fact, as well as the agents responsible for the construction of its knowledge. The educational approach in the design of nutritional and food policies is key to social development.Fac. de EducaciónTRUEpu

Transparencia de los procesos de garantía de calidad en la gestión de reclamaciones: estrategias de comunicación y difusión de información a los agentes implicados

Fac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

Fomento de la participación de los diferentes agentes implicados en el SGIC: actualización del material informativo, mejora del espacio web y creación de plataforma de gestión de reclamaciones, quejas, sugerencias y felicitaciones

Es la memoria del Proyecto de Innovación número 126 de la convocatoria 2021-2022, titulado "Fomento de la participación de los diferentes agentes implicados en el SGIC: actualización del material informativo, mejora del espacio web y creación de plataforma de gestión de reclamaciones, quejas, sugerencias y felicitaciones"

Utilización de los medios de comunicación como herramienta de aprendizaje y consolidación de conocimientos en epidemiología y salud pública

Reforzar conceptos de salud pública mediante análisis de información publicada por los medios. Se seleccionarán informaciones que traten temas de salud pública. Se realizará un análisis evaluando qué conceptos se manejan, y si están bien utilizados

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Ectopic expression of cytosolic superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase leads to salt stress tolerance in transgenic plums

To fortify the antioxidant capacity of plum plants, genes encoding cytosolic antioxidants ascorbate peroxidase (cytapx) and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (cytsod) were genetically engineered in these plants. Transgenic plum plants expressing the cytsod and/or cytapx genes in cytosol have been generated under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. High levels of cytsod and cytapx gene transcripts suggested that the transgenes were constitutively and functionally expressed. We examined the potential functions of cytSOD and cytAPX in in vitro plum plants against salt stress (100 mm NaCl). Several transgenic plantlets expressing cytsod and/or cytapx showed an enhanced tolerance to salt stress, mainly lines C5-5 and J8-1 (expressing several copies of sod and apx, respectively). Transformation as well as NaCl treatments influenced the antioxidative metabolism of plum plantlets, including enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Transgenic plantlets exhibited higher contents of nonenzymatic antioxidants glutathione and ascorbate than nontransformed control, which correlated with lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Overall, our results suggest that transformation of plum plants with genes encoding antioxidant enzymes enhances the tolerance to salinity.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CICYT BFU2009-07443) cofinanced by FEDER funds. PDV acknowledges the CSIC and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for his ‘Ramon y Cajal’ research contract, cofinanced by FEDER funds. GBE and CP thank CSIC for their ‘JAE-pre’ and ‘JAE-doc’ fellowships.Peer reviewe