Estudo sobre o comportamento interativo de mães e de educadoras (com os seus filhos ou com outras crianças) numa tarefa colaborativa com a criança

Dissertação apresentada na Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação Especialidade Intervenção PrecoceA investigação aponta claras diferenças entre o comportamentos dos Pais e dos Educadores tanto em observações experimentais como em observações naturalistas. Colocamos a seguinte questão: Será que os Educadores com os seus filhos atuam predominantemente como a generalidade dos Pais (espontaneamente) ou como os Educadores (com intencionalidade educativa)? O presente estudo procurou comparar o comportamento interativo das Mães, das Educadoras e das Mães-educadoras. Neste estudo, Mães e Educadoras são observadas, na mesma condição quasi-experimental, como parceiras numa atividade lúdica de construção com a criança. Para o efeito, foi pedido a 20 díades Mãe-filho(a), 21 díades Educadora-criança e 20 díades Mãe educadora-filho(a) que realizassem, em 20 minutos, um produto à sua escolha com os materiais e ferramentas disponibilizadas. As crianças tinham entre 3 e 5 anos e não apresentavam problemas de desenvolvimento identificados. Pretendia-se nos três grupos de estudo: 1) comparar a qualidade interativa das Mães, Educadoras e Mães-educadoras quanto à empatia, atenção, reciprocidade, cooperação, elaboração/fantasia e desafio proposto; 2) descrever e comparar a autoria e os produtos realizados pelas díades, bem como as escolhas de materiais e ferramentas; 3) relacionar os dados obtidos com as variáveis demográficas. Os resultados indicam que as Educadoras dão em média respostas mais adequadas do que as restantes participantes e encontram-se poucas diferenças entre as Mães e Mães-educadoras. A qualidade da interação é melhor nas díades em que a autoria é da criança e esta é menos prevalente nas díades Mãe-filho(a) ou Mãe educadora-filho(a). Em suma, as Educadoras com os seus filhos dão menos oportunidades de exploração e de realização do que as Educadoras com crianças da sua sala. Adicionalmente, as meninas receberam, em média, respostas mais sensíveis e “pedagogicamente” mais adequadas. A idade da criança e do adulto afetou os resultados.Abstract The research highlights clear differences between the behavior of Parents and childhood Educators both in experimental and naturalistic observations. The following question was raised: Do childhood educators act with their children predominantly as the generality of parents (spontaneously) or as educators (with educational intention)? The present study seeks to compare the interactive behavior of Mothers, childhood Educators, and Mothers-educators. In this study, observed mothers and educators, in the same quasi-experimental conditions, as partners in a play construction activity with the child. For that effect, 20 dyads mother-child, 21 dyads educator-child, and 20 dyads educator-offspring were asked to create, in 20 minutes, a product from their choice with the available materials and tools. The children were 3 to 5 years old and did not present identified development problems. In the three groups, the intention was: 1) to compare the interactive quality of Mothers, Mothers-educators and Educators regarding empathy, attention, reciprocity, cooperation, elaboration/fantasy, proposed challenge; 2) to describe and to compare the created products made by the dyads as well as the choices of materials and tools; 3) to relate obtained data with demographical variables. The results indicate that Educators give, in average, more appropriate answers than other participants and few differences can be found between Mothers and Mother-educators. The interaction’s quality is better in the dyads where the child is the product’s author, and such is less prevailing in dyads Mother or Educator with their children. In sum, Educators give fewer exploration and performance opportunities to their own children than Educators with children from the classroom. Additionally, girls received, in average, more sensitive and “pedagogically” adequate answers. The age of children and adults affected the results.N/

Parliamentary online public engagement in the 21st Century : A comparative perspective with a focus on Austria and Portugal

This thesis concerns how parliaments, as institutions, utilise the Internet (and ICTs) to reach and engage citizen. It is structured around the concept of parliamentary (online) public engagement, which has only recently gained some attention in the research agendas of political science and legislative studies. This concept covers a very wide range of outlets and activities offered by parliaments, which can have different purposes and can assume both passive and active forms of engaging with citizens. This thesis focuses on a comparative study of PWs in 21 countries in Europe, and it is complemented by multiple case studies. A mixed method approach was applied, relying on both quantitative and qualitative data and methods. First, the measurement and description of parliamentary online public engagement activities and tools in 21 European parliaments was undergone. Then, it proceeded to a qualitative strand, first assessing the causal conditions necessary and/or sufficient for explaining the results from the quantitative strand and second studying in two case studies in depth – Portugal and Austria – in order to understand the relevant mechanisms, processes and critical actors behind parliaments’ online public engagement strategies over time. Empirically, the study finds that parliaments are selective in their strategies for engaging with the public. In their selectivity, most parliaments choose to invest largely in information provision, leaving other activities of public engagement as secondary. This means that most parliaments have not yet implemented activities and tools to truly engage with their citizens. Additionally, some of the examples found are of an experimental nature or are still in their infancy. Furthermore, parliaments still have a long way to go in pursuing the way they delivery public engagement activities to their audiences. Descriptive results also show that parliaments are cautious when it comes to citizen’s actual participation in the policymaking and prefer to convert conventional forms of participation to digital versions instead of creating innovative democratic instruments. From the explanatory analysis it was possible to conclude that besides parliamentary resources, a committed leadership and political will from key critical actors are also important when it comes to changing the way parliaments engage with citizens through digital media. Additionally, these institutions are mimicking other parliaments that are perceived as successful in using ICTs to communicate and engage with citizens as a response to environmental uncertainty. Finally, it seems that inter-parliamentary cooperation, i.e. learning mechanisms, are increasingly relevant for parliaments on these matters

A longitudinal observation of one-to-one singing lessons: The effects of personality and Adult attachment.

Instrumental and singing teaching has previously been studied with par- particular focus on pedagogical, cognitive, technical, developmental aspects. However, the relationship and interactions that take place between the teachers and students in that setting deserve more extensive exploration. This study approaches the singing teacher-student relationship with a particular focus on the observation of personality traits and the levels of attachment identified between teacher and student. Eleven singing teachers with 54 students were observed in one-to-one singing lessons through video observations made during one academic year. Additionally, teachers and students completed the questionnaires NEO FFI-R and Adult attachment Scale to evaluate personality and attachment. The interaction between teacher and student include a wide list of variables: personality combination, the individual background, kind of attachment felt toward each other, and many other singing aspects, suggesting that the relationship with the student could have major impact on other aspects of singing

Embodied music cognition: towards the understanding of gesture in saxophone performance

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Listening To Teachers’ Voices: Constructs On Music Performance Anxiety In Artistic Education

Music performance anxiety is an acknowledged condition amongst musicians from early learning stages to professional levels. Anxiety experienced in uncontrolled levels translates into the development of physiological and psychological symptoms that impair performance skills and may, ultimately, lead to post-traumatic stress disorders and drop-out of music-related activities. This paper focuses on teacher’s voices to justify the need for inclusion of anxiety management training in music schools’ curricula as means of promoting well-being, coping with stress-inducing situations, and boosting growing musicians’ performative experiences through positive pedagogies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to four instrument teachers of a Portuguese institution of specialized artistic education to collect data about previous experiences, conceptions, and ways of teaching MPA managing. The importance of integrating coping strategies in pedagogical practices, its obstacles and benefits, alongside suggestions for conceiving viable intervention projects in schools were discussed by the interviewed and hereby critically presented with respect to existing literature

Social inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers: The role of public libraries in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area

Social inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers includes addressing their information needs. This research seeks to examine the role of public libraries in this process through the analysis of public librarians’ perceptions. Based on the constructivist paradigm, the case study method, and the semi-directive interview survey technique, 16 public municipal libraries in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal) are studied. The results highlight that these libraries do not identify forced migrants as their users. Still, they consider that the information needs and behaviors and the use of libraries by these communities are similar to those of economic migrants, with emphasis on the relevance of free access to the internet, foreign language resources, Portuguese language and digital literacy courses, and help to interact with online platforms. The gaps include the existence of few Portuguese courses for foreigners, a limited practice in assisting with job and housing searches, promoting health literacy, and inclusive collaboration with schools, as well as space, financial, and human resources constraints. To overcome these difficulties, librarians emphasize the motivation to fulfill the inclusive social mission of the public library, the universal accessibility and informal environment of the library, and its action to promote social cohesion and social capital. The respondents consider that the mission of public libraries is adjusted to the goal of social inclusion of forced migrants, but that there is room for improvement in the training of librarians. This research points to the need for more initiative-taking public library collaboration with existing inclusion networks. In conclusion, we seek to alert to the urgency of the involvement of Portuguese public libraries in the social inclusion of forced migrants, which will also contribute to their institutional legitimization.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influência do pastoreio nas aves do montado

Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia da Conservação). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2012O montado é um sistema agro-silvo-pastoril que cobre cerca de 4 milhões de hectares na Península Ibérica e é o tipo de uso do solo mais importante no sul de Portugal. O coberto arbóreo é dominado por azinheiras (Quercus rotundifolia) e/ou sobreiros (Quercus suber) e a sua gestão tradicional baseia-se na agricultura extensiva e pecuária. Contudo, as práticas de gestão estão a mudar e, por isso, é crucial perceber como é que estas influenciam o montado e a sua avifauna, particularmente as espécies que se alimentam no solo. Os objectivos deste estudo são: (i) identificar as características do microhabitat que determinam a utilização por aves de locais de alimentação no solo; (ii) determinar o papel do pastoreio na definição dessas características; (iii) avaliar a influência do pastoreio na abundância de aves em alimentação no solo, e (iv) propor medidas de gestão do pastoreio no montado, de forma a preservar a diversidade de aves. Analisámos qual o efeito de três níveis de pastoreio por ovelhas – ausência, baixa e alta intensidade – nas aves que se alimentam no solo em 12 talhões. Efectuámos transectos de contagem de aves em alimentação no solo e utilizámos modelos lineares generalizados mistos para comparar as suas abundâncias nos vários talhões. Localizámos com precisão os locais de alimentação das aves e caracterizámo-los (altura da vegetação, número de invertebrados, excrementos e bolotas, e percentagens de solo nu, solo revolvido e folhas mortas). Utilizámos modelos logísticos condicionais para determinar quais as características seleccionadas pelas aves. Os resultados mostram que o pastoreio influencia o habitat ao nível do solo e os locais onde as aves se alimentam. Todas as espécies de aves alimentaram-se em locais em que a altura de vegetação era menor que a média e a maioria preferiu locais com maior abundância de invertebrados. Contudo, diferentes espécies tendem a alimentar-se em intensidades de pastoreio distintas e, por isso, é necessário manter um mosaico de regimes de pastoreio, para garantir a diversidade de aves e a sua integração com as actividades humanas do montado.Montado is an agro-silvo-pastoral system that covers about 4 million hectares of the Iberian Peninsula and is the most important land cover in southern Portugal. The tree cover is dominated by holm oaks (Quercus rotundifolia) and/or cork oaks (Quercus suber), and its traditional management involves low intensity agriculture and livestock grazing. Management practices are changing, so it is crucial to understand how they affect montado and its rich bird community, and in particular ground-foraging species. The objectives of our study were to (i) identify the characteristics of the sites chosen by ground-foraging birds; (ii) determine how grazing influences those characteristics; (iii) evaluate the effect of grazing on the abundance of ground-feeding birds, and (iv) propose grazing management strategies to preserve bird diversity in montado. We evaluated the effect of three levels of sheep grazing – no grazing, light and intensive grazing – on birds foraging activity in 12 fenced plots. We did transects to count foraging birds in those plots, and used generalized linear mixed models to compare abundances in the three grazing levels. In addition, we located with precision the sites where birds were observed feeding on the ground and characterized them (vegetation height, abundance of invertebrates, dung and acorns, percentage of bare ground, revolved soil and dead leaves). We used conditional logit models to determine which characteristics are preferred by feeding birds. The results demonstrated that grazing influences the characteristics of the ground level habitat and influences where birds forage. All ground-foraging bird species fed mostly where grassy vegetation height was lower than average and most preferred sites with higher invertebrate abundance. However, different species tend to choose different grazing intensities to forage. Therefore, it is important to maintain a mosaic of grazing regimes, to assure bird diversity and its integration with human activities in montado

Regulation of the rice gene OsRMC under salt stress: identification and functional characterization of novel transcription factors

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in BiologyRice (Oryza sativa L.) is cultivated worldwide and is the staple food for more than one-half of the world population. Abiotic stress conditions, such as high salinity, drought and low temperature have a strong negative effect on rice production. High salinity severely affects rice growth and reduces grain yield, as it induces late flowering and lowers pollen viability. To cope with saline environments, plants rely on the perception and transduction of stress signals through specific response pathways, which activate several adaptation mechanisms.(...

Protocol of a Hybrid Type 1 Cluster-Randomised Trial

Funding Information: This project was awarded with the Academic Excellence Scholarship 2016-2017 (Bolsa de Excelência Académica 2016-2017) from Fundação Eugénio de Almeida. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel on behalf of NOVA National School of Public Health.Introduction: Excessive benzodiazepine (BZD) prescription has long been considered a serious mental health concern in many countries. Many interventions using different methodologies have been implemented to change BZD prescription patterns in primary health care settings, with limited positive results. Objectives: The primary objective of our study was to analyse the effectiveness and implementation process of an intervention aimed at changing BZD prescription patterns in a primary health care setting in Portugal. Methodology: We chose as methodology an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 intervention. Our intervention was based on the development of an online platform, named ePrimaPrescribe, which was delivered using a Digital Behaviour Change Intervention (DBCI), using a two-arm cluster-randomised clinical trial. Results: We primarily aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of our DBCI in changing BZD prescription patterns using the frequency of BZD prescriptions issued per month as an outcome measure. Secondarily, we aimed to analyse the effect of ePrimaPrescribe on antidepressant prescriptions, to study the effect of the platform on diagnosis registration associated with BZDs and antidepressant prescription, and to perform a cost analysis considering the monthly National Health Service spending on BZD co-payments. Finally, we aimed to analyse the implementation process using quantitative and qualitative methods. Conclusion: With this study, we expect to contribute with a cost-effective intervention to change the complex matter of excessive BZD prescriptions, and also to improve insight into the challenges to intervention implementation processes in primary health care settings. We believe that our findings are relevant not only to the specific setting where the study was implemented, but also to all countries where primary health care plays a central role in care provision.publishersversionepub_ahead_of_prin

La Influencia Del Consejo De Administración Y Del Auditor En La Divulgación De Instrumentos Financieros Derivados: Evidencia Sobre El Mercado De Capitales Portugués

Purpose: This article aims to analyze the influence of certain characteristics of the board of directors and the auditor on the disclosure of derivative financial instruments. Theoretical framework: Operations with derivative instruments are associated with high risks, so the disclosure of these operations and their results helps to reduce information asymmetries. On the other hand, acccording to agency theory, the characteristics of the board of directors and of the auditor can affect the quality and the level of financial information disclosed. Design/methodology/approach: The data were obtained through content analysis, considering the 2017 reports and accounts of 37 companies listed on Euronext Lisbon, through a disclosure index. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was developed to identify the determinants of the level of disclosure about derivative instruments. Findings: The results revealed that only the number of independent members on the board of directors, the auditor's gender, and the size of the entity influence the level of disclosure about derivative instruments. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study may be useful for regulators in setting disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and useful in companies' decision making in defining the members of the board and the auditor. Originality/value: It contributes to the literature on compliance with IFRS and contributes to the perception of the influence of certain characteristics associated with the board of directors and the auditor in the disclosure of derivative instruments.Objetivo: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de determinadas características del consejo de administración y del auditor en la divulgación de los instrumentos financieros derivados.   Método: Los datos se obtuvieron mediante análisis de contenido, considerando los informes y cuentas de 2017 de 37 empresas cotizadas en Euronext Lisboa, a través de un índice de divulgación. Posteriormente, se desarrolló un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para identificar los determinantes del nivel de divulgación sobre instrumentos derivados.   Originalidad / Relevancia Las operaciones con instrumentos derivados están asociadas a altos riesgos, por lo que la divulgación de estas operaciones y sus resultados ayuda a reducir las asimetrías de información. Por otro lado, según la teoría de la agencia, las características del consejo de administración y del auditor pueden afectar la calidad y el nivel de la información financiera divulgada.   Resultados (obligatorio): Los resultados revelaron que solo el número de miembros independientes en el consejo de administración, el género del auditor y el tamaño de la entidad influyen en el nivel de divulgación sobre los instrumentos derivados.   Contribuciones teóricas / metodológicas: Este estudio puede ser útil para que los reguladores establezcan requisitos de divulgación para instrumentos derivados y útil en la toma de decisiones de las empresas para definir los miembros del consejo y el auditor.   Contribuciones sociales / gerenciales: Contribuye a la literatura sobre el cumplimiento de las NIIF y contribuye a la percepción de la influencia de determinadas características asociadas al consejo de administración y al auditor en la divulgación de instrumentos derivados.