A Way to Learn - Technical Vocabulary through Multimedia Based on Viewing TV Series.

Since movies and TV series have been widely used in the English language classroom, many educational methodologies have been suggested. It is no surprise that teachers and learners all welcome the idea of using movies or TVseries in the ESL/EFL classroom as such material includes many practical expressions and it brings enjoyment. However, it can also bring disappointment if teachers do not know how to teach the practical expressions leading tolearners feeling bored.   In the study on the selection of movies, Lee (2000) asserted that three criteria need to be considered in selecting films: 1) popular and current movies, 2) movie scripts with interesting and usable English language, and 3) movie lines that contain typical conversation styles of English speakers. As such, TV programs such as Blacklist or NCIS are hardly used in ELT, although, in some cases, they are popular because of their difficult technical vocabulary and conversations that are unlikely to happen in the real world. Despite the little concern about technical vocabulary, a lot of research supports the idea that learning such vocabulary is beneficial, and even essential in the field of ESP (Chung & Nation, 2004). Gablasova (2014) stated that technical vocabulary and knowledge of the subject are closely linked. Studying an academic subject is a process in which the students’ knowledge of a certain field is broadened or deepened while they simultaneously acquire words for the new concepts they learn (Mohan & van Naerssen, 1997). As a result, learning the meanings of new specialized words is an integral part of learning a new subject (Bravo & Cervetti, 2009; Woodward–Kron, 2008). Moreover, the appropriate use of technical words can be an indicator of the depth of subject knowledge (Drum & Konopak, 1987) and can thus serve as a basis for the assessment of subject competence. Webb and Rogers (2009) indicate that “materials which provide visual and aural input such as movies may be conducive to incidental vocabulary learning.” Hulstijn (2001, p. 271) defined technical vocabulary as “learning of vocabulary as the by-product of any activity not explicitly geared to vocabulary learning.” In other words, “rigor mortis” can be learned while watching a medical TV series. Movies that include a lot of technical vocabulary are called ‘discipline-related movies (Csomay & Petrovic, 2012).’ Watching a TV series makes incidental learning possible. That is, after watching a TV series such as House or Grey’s Anatomy, we might incidentally become familiar with medical procedures and treatment of illness. Technical vocabulary does not just function in a particular field; it can also play an important role in general English learning. In fact, to use movies or TV dramas as material, means to memorize utterances from them. What is needed here is to theoretically explain why memorizing such utterances is necessary for better language learning. Therefore, this paper will focus on the relationship between technical vocabulary and language development

A Way to Learn - Technical Vocabulary through Multimedia Based on Viewing TV Series.

Since movies and TV series have been widely used in the English language classroom, many educational methodologies have been suggested. It is no surprise that teachers and learners all welcome the idea of using movies or TVseries in the ESL/EFL classroom as such material includes many practical expressions and it brings enjoyment. However, it can also bring disappointment if teachers do not know how to teach the practical expressions leading tolearners feeling bored.   In the study on the selection of movies, Lee (2000) asserted that three criteria need to be considered in selecting films: 1) popular and current movies, 2) movie scripts with interesting and usable English language, and 3) movie lines that contain typical conversation styles of English speakers. As such, TV programs such as Blacklist or NCIS are hardly used in ELT, although, in some cases, they are popular because of their difficult technical vocabulary and conversations that are unlikely to happen in the real world. Despite the little concern about technical vocabulary, a lot of research supports the idea that learning such vocabulary is beneficial, and even essential in the field of ESP (Chung & Nation, 2004). Gablasova (2014) stated that technical vocabulary and knowledge of the subject are closely linked. Studying an academic subject is a process in which the students’ knowledge of a certain field is broadened or deepened while they simultaneously acquire words for the new concepts they learn (Mohan & van Naerssen, 1997). As a result, learning the meanings of new specialized words is an integral part of learning a new subject (Bravo & Cervetti, 2009; Woodward–Kron, 2008). Moreover, the appropriate use of technical words can be an indicator of the depth of subject knowledge (Drum & Konopak, 1987) and can thus serve as a basis for the assessment of subject competence. Webb and Rogers (2009) indicate that “materials which provide visual and aural input such as movies may be conducive to incidental vocabulary learning.” Hulstijn (2001, p. 271) defined technical vocabulary as “learning of vocabulary as the by-product of any activity not explicitly geared to vocabulary learning.” In other words, “rigor mortis” can be learned while watching a medical TV series. Movies that include a lot of technical vocabulary are called ‘discipline-related movies (Csomay & Petrovic, 2012).’ Watching a TV series makes incidental learning possible. That is, after watching a TV series such as House or Grey’s Anatomy, we might incidentally become familiar with medical procedures and treatment of illness. Technical vocabulary does not just function in a particular field; it can also play an important role in general English learning. In fact, to use movies or TV dramas as material, means to memorize utterances from them. What is needed here is to theoretically explain why memorizing such utterances is necessary for better language learning. Therefore, this paper will focus on the relationship between technical vocabulary and language development

MIDMs: Matching Interleaved Diffusion Models for Exemplar-based Image Translation

We present a novel method for exemplar-based image translation, called matching interleaved diffusion models (MIDMs). Most existing methods for this task were formulated as GAN-based matching-then-generation framework. However, in this framework, matching errors induced by the difficulty of semantic matching across cross-domain, e.g., sketch and photo, can be easily propagated to the generation step, which in turn leads to degenerated results. Motivated by the recent success of diffusion models overcoming the shortcomings of GANs, we incorporate the diffusion models to overcome these limitations. Specifically, we formulate a diffusion-based matching-and-generation framework that interleaves cross-domain matching and diffusion steps in the latent space by iteratively feeding the intermediate warp into the noising process and denoising it to generate a translated image. In addition, to improve the reliability of the diffusion process, we design a confidence-aware process using cycle-consistency to consider only confident regions during translation. Experimental results show that our MIDMs generate more plausible images than state-of-the-art methods

Phospholipase A2β mediates light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyses the hydrolysis of phospholipids into lysophospholipids and free fatty acids. Physiological studies have indicated that PLA2 is involved in stomatal movement. However, genetic evidence of a role of PLA2 in guard cell signalling has not yet been reported. To identify PLA2 gene(s) that is (are) involved in light-induced stomatal opening, stomatal movement was examined in Arabidopsis thaliana plants in which the expression of PLA2 isoforms was reduced or knocked-out. Light-induced stomatal opening in PLA2α knockout plants did not differ from wild-type plants. Plants in which PLA2β was silenced by RNA interference exhibited delayed light-induced stomatal opening, and this phenotype was reversed by exogenous lysophospholipids, which are products of PLA2. Stomatal opening in transgenic plants that over-expressed PLA2β was faster than wild-type plants. The expression of PLA2β was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of guard cells, and increased in response to light in the mature leaf. Aristolochic acid, which inhibits light-induced stomatal opening, inhibited the activity of purified PLA2β. Collectively, these results provide evidence that PLA2β is involved in light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis

Risk factors for severe postpartum hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion after cesarean delivery for twin pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study

Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Twin pregnancy and cesarean delivery are well-known risk factors for PPH. However, few studies have investigated PPH risk factors in mothers who have undergone cesarean delivery for twin pregnancies. Therefore, this study investigated the risk factors associated with severe PPH after cesarean delivery for twin pregnancies. Methods We searched and reviewed the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service’s claims data from July 2008 to June 2021 using the code corresponding to cesarean delivery for twin pregnancy. Severe PPH was defined as hemorrhage requiring red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during the peripartum period. The risk factors associated with severe PPH were identified among the procedure and diagnosis code variables and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results We analyzed 31,074 cesarean deliveries for twin pregnancies, and 4,892 patients who underwent cesarean deliveries for twin pregnancies and received RBC transfusions for severe PPH were included. According to the multivariate analysis, placental disorders (odds ratio, 4.50; 95% confidence interval, 4.09–4.95; P < 0.001), general anesthesia (2.33, 2.18–2.49; P < 0.001), preeclampsia (2.20, 1.99–2.43; P < 0.001), hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome (2.12, 1.22–3.68; P = 0.008), induction failure (1.37, 1.07–1.76; P = 0.014), and hypertension (1.31, 1.18–1.44; P < 0.001) predicted severe PPH. Conclusions Placental disorders, hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome, and induction failure increased the risk of severe PPH after cesarean delivery for twin pregnancy

Broad humoral and cellular immunity elicited by one-dose mRNA vaccination 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Practical guidance is needed regarding the vaccination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent individuals in resource-limited countries. It includes the number of vaccine doses that should be given to unvaccinated patients who experienced COVID-19 early in the pandemic. We recruited COVID-19 convalescent individuals who received one or two doses of an mRNA vaccine within 6 or around 18 months after a diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Their samples were assessed for IgG-binding or neutralizing activity and cell-mediated immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants of concern. A total of 43 COVID-19 convalescent individuals were analyzed in the present study. The results showed that humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants of concern, including the Omicron variant, were comparable among patients vaccinated within 6 versus around 18 months. A second dose of vaccine did not significantly increase immune responses. One dose of mRNA vaccine should be considered sufficient to elicit a broad immune response even around 18 months after a COVID-19 diagnosis.This work was supported in part by the Bio & Medical Technology Develop‑ ment Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) & funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2021M3A9I2080496, to H.-R. Kim & W. B. Park), the Creative-Pioneering Researchers Program through Seoul National University (to C.-H. Lee), and the Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund (112021-5050 to P. G. Choe and 800-20220110 to C.-H. Lee)

Clinical and genetic analyses of three Korean families with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant vascular disorder, characterized by recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectases, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in various visceral organs. Endoglin (<it>ENG</it>) and activin receptor-like kinase 1 (<it>ACVRL1; ALK1</it>), receptors for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, have been identified as the principal HHT-causing genes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Three unrelated Korean HHT patients and their asymptomatic as well as symptomatic family members were genetically diagnosed by sequencing whole exons and their flanking regions of <it>ENG </it>and <it>ACVRL1</it>. Functionality of an aberrant translation start codon, which is created by a substitution mutation at the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of <it>ENG </it>found in a HHT family, was tested by transient <it>in vitro </it>transfection assay. Decay of the mutant transcripts was also assessed by allele-specific expression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two <it>ENG </it>and one <it>ACVRL1 </it>mutations were identified: a known <it>ENG </it>mutation (c.360+1G > A; p.Gly74_Tyr120del); a novel <it>ENG </it>mutation (c.1-127C > T); and a novel <it>ACVRL1 </it>mutation (c.252_253insC; p.Val85fsX168). We further validated that the 5'-UTR <it>ENG </it>mutation prevents translation of ENG from the biological translation initiation site of the mutant allele, and leads to degradation of the mutant transcripts.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first experimental demonstration that a 5'-UTR mutation can prevent translation of ENG among HHT patients, and further supports the previous notion that haploinsufficiency is the primary mechanism of HHT1. Our data also underscore the importance of including exons encoding 5' UTR for HHT mutation screening.</p

25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016

The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong

Multi-Task Conformer with Multi-Feature Combination for Speech Emotion Recognition

Along with automatic speech recognition, many researchers have been actively studying speech emotion recognition, since emotion information is as crucial as the textual information for effective interactions. Emotion can be divided into categorical emotion and dimensional emotion. Although categorical emotion is widely used, dimensional emotion, typically represented as arousal and valence, can provide more detailed information on the emotional states. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a Conformer-based model for arousal and valence recognition. Our model uses Conformer as an encoder, a fully connected layer as a decoder, and statistical pooling layers as a connector. In addition, we adopted multi-task learning and multi-feature combination, which showed a remarkable performance for speech emotion recognition and time-series analysis, respectively. The proposed model achieves a state-of-the-art recognition accuracy of 70.0 &plusmn; 1.5% for arousal in terms of unweighted accuracy on the IEMOCAP dataset