71 research outputs found
Homes for Life & Other Stories The Use and Evaluation of Design Fiction as a Means to Understand Sensitive Settings: a Case Study of Exploring Technologies for Dementia Care
Design fictions are used in HCI to position emerging technologies in fictional future worlds, through which the complexities of our relationships with technologies can be represented, explored and experienced. They promise to stimulate discussions about sensitive topics, such as the future of technology-enabled care, a complex area with contrasting emotional, social and practical views and wishes. However, the term design fiction is currently associated with a wide range of uses, and artefacts. It is also linked to contrasting philosophies and frameworks, which are often not made explicit, as I show in an initial survey with practitioners. This makes it difficult to identify what makes a design fiction good or effective for different purposes. This thesis aims to answer the research question: How can design fiction be used and evaluated in understanding sensitive settings? I turn to the Constructive Design Research framework and adapt it to classify how design fiction is used in HCI. I outline how design fiction can be used in the showroom approach, where it is most commonly placed, but also how it can be used as a lab and field approach to gather insights into the responses to design fictions. I developed design fictions and explored how they can be used to further discussions around the use of monitoring technologies in dementia care: an area challenging to research because of ethical issues associated with deployment studies of prototype technologies. The contribution of this thesis is threefold: first, a methodological contribution into the use of design fiction in HCI and an evaluation of the Constructive Design Research framework as a means to classify research through design fiction. Second, insights into participants’ views and wishes about technology-led care in regards to dementia. Third, a design contribution of artefacts that can be used to stimulate further debate around the topic
Open video data sharing in developmental and behavioural science
Video recording is a widely used method for documenting infant and child
behaviours in research and clinical practice. Video data has rarely been shared
due to ethical concerns of confidentiality, although the need of shared
large-scaled datasets remains increasing. This demand is even more imperative
when data-driven computer-based approaches are involved, such as screening
tools to complement clinical assessments. To share data while abiding by
privacy protection rules, a critical question arises whether efforts at data
de-identification reduce data utility? We addressed this question by showcasing
the Prechtl's general movements assessment (GMA), an established and globally
practised video-based diagnostic tool in early infancy for detecting
neurological deficits, such as cerebral palsy. To date, no shared
expert-annotated large data repositories for infant movement analyses exist.
Such datasets would massively benefit training and recalibration of human
assessors and the development of computer-based approaches. In the current
study, sequences from a prospective longitudinal infant cohort with a total of
19451 available general movements video snippets were randomly selected for
human clinical reasoning and computer-based analysis. We demonstrated for the
first time that pseudonymisation by face-blurring video recordings is a viable
approach. The video redaction did not affect classification accuracy for either
human assessors or computer vision methods, suggesting an adequate and
easy-to-apply solution for sharing movement video data. We call for further
explorations into efficient and privacy rule-conforming approaches for
deidentifying video data in scientific and clinical fields beyond movement
assessments. These approaches shall enable sharing and merging stand-alone
video datasets into large data pools to advance science and public health
A Design Space Exploration of Creative Concepts for Care Robots: Questioning the Differentiation of Social and Physical Assistance
In an interdisciplinary project, creative concepts for care robotics were developed. To explore the design space that these open up, we discussed them along the common differentiation of physical (effective) and social-emotional assistance. Trying to rate concepts on these dimensions frequently raised questions regarding the relation between the social-emotional and the physical, and highlighted gaps and a lack of conceptual clarity. We here present our design concepts, report on our discussion, and summarize our insights; in particular we suggest that the social and the physical dimension of care technologies should always be thought of and designed as interrelated
Annual Report of the Municipal Officers of the Town of Islesboro, Maine for the Municipal Year 1949-50
Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems
none20siThe recent surge of interest in explainability in artificial intelligence (XAI) is propelled by not only technological advancements in machine learning, but also by regulatory initiatives to foster transparency in algorithmic decision making. In this article, we revise the current concept of explainability and identify three limitations: passive explainee, narrow view on the social process, and undifferentiated assessment of understanding. In order to overcome these limitations, we present explanation as a social practice in which explainer and explainee co-construct understanding on the microlevel. We view the co-construction on a microlevel as embedded into a macrolevel, yielding expectations concerning, e.g., social roles or partner models: Typically, the role of the explainer is to provide an explanation and to adapt it to the current level of understanding of the explainee; the explainee, in turn, is expected to provide cues that guide the explainer. Building on explanations being a social practice, we present a conceptual framework that aims to guide future research in XAI. The framework relies on the key concepts of monitoring and scaffolding to capture the development of interaction. We relate our conceptual framework and our new perspective on explaining to transparency and autonomy as objectives considered for XAInoneKatharina J. Rohlfing; Philipp Cimiano; Ingrid Scharlau; Tobias Matzner; Heike M. Buhl;
Hendrik Buschmeier; Elena Esposito; Angela Grimminger; Barbara Hammer; Reinhold Häb-Umbach; Ilona Horwath; Eyke Hüllermeier; Friederike Kern; Stefan Kopp; Kirsten Thommes; Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo; Carsten Schulte; Henning Wachsmuth; Petra Wagner; Britta WredeKatharina J. Rohlfing; Philipp Cimiano; Ingrid Scharlau; Tobias Matzner; Heike M. Buhl;
Hendrik Buschmeier; Elena Esposito; Angela Grimminger; Barbara Hammer; Reinhold Häb-Umbach; Ilona Horwath; Eyke Hüllermeier; Friederike Kern; Stefan Kopp; Kirsten Thommes; Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo; Carsten Schulte; Henning Wachsmuth; Petra Wagner; Britta Wred
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Expanding modes of reflection in design futuring
Design futuring approaches, such as speculative design, design fiction and others, seek to (re)envision futures and explore alternatives. As design futuring becomes established in HCI design research, there is an opportunity to expand and develop these approaches. To that end, by reflecting on our own research and examining related work, we contribute five modes of reflection. These modes concern formgiving, temporality, researcher positionality, real-world engagement, and knowledge production. We illustrate the value of each mode through careful analysis of selected design exemplars and provide questions to interrogate the practice of design futuring. Each reflective mode offers productive resources for design practitioners and researchers to articulate their work, generate new directions for their work, and analyze their own and others’ work.
Situating language register across the ages, languages, modalities, and cultural aspects: Evidence from complementary methods
In the present review paper by members of the collaborative research center “Register: Language Users' Knowledge of Situational-Functional Variation” (CRC 1412), we assess the pervasiveness of register phenomena across different time periods, languages, modalities, and cultures. We define “register” as recurring variation in language use depending on the function of language and on the social situation. Informed by rich data, we aim to better understand and model the knowledge involved in situation- and function-based use of language register. In order to achieve this goal, we are using complementary methods and measures. In the review, we start by clarifying the concept of “register”, by reviewing the state of the art, and by setting out our methods and modeling goals. Against this background, we discuss three key challenges, two at the methodological level and one at the theoretical level: (1) To better uncover registers in text and spoken corpora, we propose changes to established analytical approaches. (2) To tease apart between-subject variability from the linguistic variability at issue (intra-individual situation-based register variability), we use within-subject designs and the modeling of individuals' social, language, and educational background. (3) We highlight a gap in cognitive modeling, viz. modeling the mental representations of register (processing), and present our first attempts at filling this gap. We argue that the targeted use of multiple complementary methods and measures supports investigating the pervasiveness of register phenomena and yields comprehensive insights into the cross-methodological robustness of register-related language variability. These comprehensive insights in turn provide a solid foundation for associated cognitive modeling.Peer Reviewe
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