Der Einsatz des Attachment Q-Sorts im Forschungsprojekt der Wiener Kinderkrippenstudie

In der Wiener Kinderkrippenstudie, einem an der Universität Wien laufenden Forschungsprojekt des Instituts für Bildungswissenschaft wurden unterschiedliche Verfahren eingesetzt, um das Erleben und Verhalten von Kleinstkindern in Wiener Kinderkrippen während des Eingewöhnungsprozesses zu erforschen. Dabei kam auch das Beobachtungsverfahren des Attachment Q-Sorts von WATERS und DEANE (1985) zum Einsatz, mit dem sich die kindliche Bindungssicherheit gegenüber den Bezugspersonen (den Müttern oder den PädagogInnen) einschätzen lässt. In dieser Diplomarbeit wurde der Einsatz des Attachment Q-Sorts in der Wiener Kinderkrippenstudie methodenkritisch beleuchtet

An abscisic acid‐related reduced transpiration promotes gradual embolism repair when grapevines are rehydrated after drought

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Standardkonzentrationen für Dauerinfusionen : Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Befragung auf deutschen Erwachsenenintensivstationen

Hintergrund Intensivpatienten erhalten zahlreiche Arzneimittel (AM) als Dauerinfusion appliziert. In Deutschland fehlt bisher für die als Dauerinfusion applizierten AM eine einheitliche Liste mit Standardkonzentrationen. Ziel der Arbeit Ziel war es, bundesweit repräsentative Informationen zu Standardkonzentrationen von als Dauerinfusion mittels Spritzenpumpe oder Infusionspumpe applizierten AM auf den Intensivstationen zu gewinnen. Material und Methoden Zur Ermittlung der Akzeptanz und Präferenz für Dauerinfusionen von ausgewählten AM wurde ein Fragenkatalog in einem online- Umfragetool entwickelt und von der DIVI an die jeweils verantwortlichen Leiter*innen von 1816 Intensivstationen versendet. Die Umfrage umfasste Vorschläge zu 59 AM mit insgesamt 73 Konzentrationen. Ergänzend konnten die Teilnehmer in Freitextfeldern eigene Vorschläge zu AM und entsprechenden Konzentrationen angeben. Die Häufigkeit der Verwendung der Arzneimittel als Dauerinfusion und der präferierten Standardkonzentrationen wurde bezogen auf die Zahl der Antworten pro Arzneimittel berechnet. Ergebnisse Die Umfrage wurde von 312 (17 %) Intensivstationen beantwortet. Die Akzeptanzrate für das Prinzip der geschwindigkeitsgesteuerten Dauerinfusion in Standardkonzentrationen ist deutschlandweit sehr hoch, Die Top 10 bzw. 25 der vorgeschlagenen AM werden von über 90 % bzw. 50 % der Teilnehmer regelmäßig als Dauerinfusion eingesetzt. Für viele dieser AM konnte eine oder mehrere präferierte Konzentrationen identifiziert werden. Diskussion Die Top-37-Arzneimittel und die präferierten Konzentrationen sind als Grundlage für eine bundesweit geltende Standardliste mit Standardkonzentrationen für Dauerinfusionen (in der Regel 50 ml) geeignet. Die damit befassten Fachgesellschaften können basierend auf den Umfrageergebnissen eine bundeseinheitliche Standardliste konsentieren

Loss-of-function variants in the schizophrenia risk gene SETD1A alter neuronal network activity in human neurons through the cAMP/PKA pathway

Heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in SETD1A, which encodes a subunit of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome and increase the risk for schizophrenia. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generate excitatory/inhibitory neuronal networks from human induced pluripotent stem cells with a SETD1A heterozygous LoF mutation (SETD1A+/−). Our data show that SETD1A haploinsufficiency results in morphologically increased dendritic complexity and functionally increased bursting activity. This network phenotype is primarily driven by SETD1A haploinsufficiency in glutamatergic neurons. In accordance with the functional changes, transcriptomic profiling reveals perturbations in gene sets associated with glutamatergic synaptic function. At the molecular level, we identify specific changes in the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/Protein Kinase A pathway pointing toward a hyperactive cAMP pathway in SETD1A+/− neurons. Finally, by pharmacologically targeting the cAMP pathway, we are able to rescue the network deficits in SETD1A+/− cultures. Our results demonstrate a link between SETD1A and the cAMP-dependent pathway in human neurons.publishedVersio

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials suppression due to remifentanil during spinal operations; a prospective clinical study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) are being used for the investigation and monitoring of the integrity of neural pathways during surgical procedures. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring is affected by the type of anesthetic agents. Remifentanil is supposed to produce minimal or no changes in SSEP amplitude and latency. This study aims to investigate whether high doses of remifentanil influence the SSEP during spinal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ten patients underwent spinal surgery. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/Kg), fentanyl (2 mcg/Kg) and a single dose of cis-atracurium (0.15 mg/Kg), followed by infusion of 0.8 mcg/kg/min of remifentanil and propofol (30-50 mcg/kg/min). The depth of anesthesia was monitored by Bispectral Index (BIS) and an adequate level (40-50) of anesthesia was maintained. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were recorded intraoperatively from the tibial nerve (P37) 15 min before initiation of remifentanil infusion. Data were analysed over that period.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Remifentanil induced prolongation of the tibial SSEP latency which however was not significant (p > 0.05). The suppression of the amplitude was significant (p < 0.001), varying from 20-80% with this decrease being time related.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Remifentanil in high doses induces significant changes in SSEP components that should be taken under consideration during intraoperative neuromonitoring.</p

Antibiotic residues in final effluents of European wastewater treatment plants and their impact on the aquatic environment

A comprehensive monitoring of a broad set of antibiotics in the final effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of 7 European countries (Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Cyprus, Germany, Finland, and Norway) was carried out in two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). This is the first study of this kind performed at an international level. Within the 53 antibiotics monitored 17 were detected at least once in the final effluent of the WWTPs, i.e.: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, oxolinic acid, cefalexin, clindamycin, metronidazole, ampicillin, and tetracycline. The countries exhibiting the highest effluent average concentrations of antibiotics were Ireland and the southern countries Portugal and Spain, whereas the northern countries (Norway, Finland and Germany) and Cyprus exhibited lower total concentration. The antibiotic occurrence data in the final effluents were used for the assessment of their impact on the aquatic environment. Both, environmental predicted no effect concentration (PNEC-ENVs) and the PNECs based on minimal inhibitory concentrations (PNEC-MICs) were considered for the evaluation of the impact on microbial communities in aquatic systems and on the evolution of antibiotic resistance, respectively. Based on this analysis, three compounds, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and cefalexin are proposed as markers of antibiotic pollution, as they could occasionally pose a risk to the environment. Integrated studies like this are crucial to map the impact of antibiotic pollution and to provide the basis for designing water quality and environmental risk in regular water monitoring programs.Peer reviewe

Low-level laser therapy/photobiomodulation in the management of side effects of chemoradiation therapy in head and neck cancer: part 2: proposed applications and treatment protocols

Purpose: There is a large body of evidence supporting the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), more recently termed photobiomodulation (PBM) for the management of oral mucositis (OM) in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). Recent advances in PBM technology, together with a better understanding of mechanisms involved and dosimetric parameters may lead to the management of a broader range of complications associated with HNC treatment. This could enhance patient adherence to cancer therapy, and improve quality of life and treatment outcomes. The mechanisms of action, dosimetric, and safety considerations for PBM have been reviewed in part 1. Part 2 discusses the head and neck treatment side effects for which PBM may prove to be effective. In addition, PBM parameters for each of these complications are suggested and future research directions are discussed. Methods: Narrative review and presentation of PBM parameters are based on current evidence and expert opinion. Results: PBM may have potential applications in the management of a broad range of side effects of (chemo)radiation therapy (CRT) in patients being treated for HNC. For OM management, optimal PBM parameters identified were as follows: wavelength, typically between 633 and 685 nm or 780–830 nm; energy density, laser or light-emitting diode (LED) output between 10 and 150 mW; dose, 2–3 J (J/cm2), and no more than 6 J/cm2 on the tissue surface treated; treatment schedule, two to three times a week up to daily; emission type, pulsed (<100 Hz); and route of delivery, intraorally and/or transcutaneously. To facilitate further studies, we propose potentially effective PBM parameters for prophylactic and therapeutic use in supportive care for dermatitis, dysphagia, dry mouth, dysgeusia, trismus, necrosis, lymphedema, and voice/speech alterations. Conclusion: PBM may have a role in supportive care for a broad range of complications associated with the treatment of HNC with CRT. The suggested PBM irradiation and dosimetric parameters, which are potentially effective for these complications, are intended to provide guidance for well-designed future studies. It is imperative that such studies include elucidating the effects of PBM on oncology treatment outcomes.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant R01AI050875