Why Operations Assessments Fail—It’s Not Just the Metrics

In any military campaign it is necessary to measure how well one is doing; in unconventional, counterinsurgency warfare, measuring progress is especially difficult; and in Afghanistan, the attempt to do so is doing more harm than good, and for fundamental reasons

OS NARRADORES ETNOGRÁFICOS: BUSCANDO RESPOSTAS EM CONTEXTOS DIVERSOS

THE NOVELS O FALADOR, BY MARIO VARGAS LLOSA AND NOVE NOITES BY BERNARDO CARVALHO HAVE NARRATORS WITH URBAN PROSPECTS THAT PENETRATE THE UNIVERSE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES LIVING IN THE FORESTS OF THEIR OWN COUNTRIES. WHAT THESE NARRATORS FIND AND PERCEIVE, HOWEVER, IS DIVERGENT REGARDING TO THE CONTEXTS IN WHICH BOTH NARRATIVES ARE INSERTED AND THE OPPORTUNITIES OF MEETINGS THAT THESE PRESENT.NOS ROMANCES O FALADOR, DE MARIO VARGAS LLOSA E NOVE NOITES, DE BERNARDO CARVALHO TEMOS NARRADORES COM PERSPECTIVAS URBANAS QUE PENETRAM O UNIVERSO DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS RESIDENTES NAS MATAS DE SEUS PRÓPRIOS PAÍSES. O QUE ENCONTRAM, E O QUE PERCEBEM ESSES NARRADORES, NO ENTANTO, É DIVERGENTE NO QUE SE REFERE AOS CONTEXTOS EM QUE AMBAS AS NARRATIVAS ESTÃO INSERIDAS E AS POSSIBILIDADES DE ENCONTROS QUE TAIS APRESENTAM

Análise crítica do apelo “integral” em rótulos de pães e biscoitos industrializados comercializados em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais / Critical analysis of the "whole" word in bread and biscuit labels marketed in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

Rótulos com informações claras e compatíveis ao produto são um direito assegurado pelo Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor que permitem escolhas mais conscientes. Com isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o apelo “integral” em rótulos de pães e biscoitos industrializados, no que diz respeito à forma como o termo foi apresentado nas embalagens e se há coerência com sua composição nutricional. Estudo transversal, ocorrido em Uberlândia (MG), sendo analisados 57 produtos (40 pães e 17 biscoitos), cujas informações foram coletadas através de uma ficha de checagem que continha diversos tópicos sobre o que se esperaria para um produto ser integral. Constatou-se que 5,26% (n=3) dos produtos ditos “integrais” não apresentavam grãos de cereais integrais e/ou farinhas de cereais integrais na lista de ingredientes;  houve diferença significativa na denominação “fonte de fibras” entre os pães e biscoitos analisados; 10% (n=4) dos pães e 47,05% (n=8) dos biscoitos não apresentaram os requisitos para serem classificados como “fonte de fibras”; 8,77% (n=5) dos produtos podiam ser classificados como “rico em fibras”; 87,50% (n=35) dos pães e 82,35% (n=14) dos biscoitos possuíam grãos de cereais integrais e/ou a farinha de cereais integrais como sendo o primeiro item da lista de ingredientes, respectivamente. Foi observado que as indústrias alimentícias usam layout e fontes de letras destacadas para deixar as embalagens mais atraentes, despertando o interesse pela compra. Conclui-se que alguns produtos industrializados sequer apresentavam grãos e/ou farinhas de cereais integrais, indo ao encontro do apelo “integral” apresentado no rótulo

Solar Irradiance in the emergence and the initial development of Arabica coffee seedlings in the south of Goiás

The photosynthesis is considered the greatest physiological process of growth, being essential to the supply of raw material for the development of plants. This work was developed with the objective of evaluating shading meshes (35%, 50%, 80% light retention mesh and in full sun), in the emergence and development of Arabica coffee seedlings (Acaiá do Cerrado, Catuaí Amarelo and Mundo Novo), with three replications, totaling 36 experimental units. The plot consisted of 4 plants, totaling 144 plants. Initially, the percentage of seedling emergence and the emergence speed index (IVE) were evaluated. At 180 days, the plant height, stem diameter of the seedlings, leaf area index of the first fully expanded pair of leaves, root length and number of leaf pairs were evaluated, as well as dry and fresh root and shoot. It was concluded that the 35% shading mesh was the one that best favored the IVE of coffee seedlings. There was no significant difference between the shading grids and between the cultivars in relation to the percentage of seedling emergence and the initial development of seedlings for any of the characteristics evaluated. The production of coffee seedlings in full sun is not recommended in the southern region of the state of Goiás

Controle estatístico de processo em pulverização hidropneumática na cultura do café

The objective of this work was to study the quality and variability, from a statistical process control point of view, of the deposition on coffee crop leaves and the loss to the soil promoted by pulverization with an air-blast sprayer using different application volumes and droplet sizes. The experiment was carried out in Arabica coffee crop using the 2x2 factorial design and eight replicates, with the factors being the droplet sizes generated by two types of nozzles (hollow cone - ATR - which produced fine droplets, and hollow cone with air induction - TVI - which produced extremely large drops) and spray application volumes (200 and 500 L ha-1). Brilliant Blue tracer was used to quantify by spectrophotometry the spray deposits on the leaves of the top and bottom halves of the plant and on the ground targets. The statistical quality of sprays was evaluated using statistical process control. Control charts show that there is no detectable patterns of non-randomness within treatments, ensuring the good quality of the pulverizations in the coffee crop. The spraying using the volume of 500 L ha-1 provides flexibility in the choice of hydraulic nozzle, keeping quality and low variability of deposition in the coffee leaves.Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar a qualidade e a variabilidade, do ponto de vista do controle estatístico de processo, da deposição de calda pulverizada em folhas de cafeeiro e da perda para o solo, promovida pela aplicação com pulverizador hidropneumático, empregando diferentes volumes de calda e tamanhos de gotas. O experimento foi conduzido em café arábica no esquema fatorial 2x2, com oito repetições, sendo os fatores tamanhos de gotas (jato cônico vazio – ATR - que produziu gotas finas; e jato cônico vazio com indução de ar – TVI – que produziu gotas extremamente grossas) e volumes de calda (200 e 500 L ha-1). Utilizou-se o traçador Azul Brilhante para quantificar por espectrofotometria os depósitos de calda nas folhas da parte superior e inferior e em lâminas de vidro localizadas no solo. Avaliou-se a qualidade estatística das pulverizações, utilizando-se controle estatístico de processo. As cartas de controle mostram que não se detectam padrões de não aleatoriedade dentro dos tratamentos, assegurando a boa qualidade das aplicações realizadas na cultura do café. A aplicação utilizando o volume de 500 L ha-1 proporciona flexibilidade na escolha da ponta hidráulica, mantendo qualidade e baixa variabilidade de deposição nas folhas do cafeeiro

Directional wetting in anisotropic inverse opals

Porous materials display interesting transport phenomena due to the restricted motion of fluids within the nano- to micro-scale voids. Here, we investigate how liquid wetting in highly ordered inverse opals is affected by anisotropy in pore geometry. We compare samples with different degrees of pore asphericity and find different wetting patterns depending on the pore shape. Highly anisotropic structures are infiltrated more easily than their isotropic counterparts. Further, the wetting of anisotropic inverse opals is directional, with liquids filling from the side more easily. This effect is supported by percolation simulations as well as direct observations of wetting using time-resolved optical microscopy

Effects of poultry litter concentration and substrate source on the development of Mangifera indica L. ‘coquinho’

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the growth of mango (Mangifera indica L., CV Coquinho) rootstock in different substrates and determine the optimal concentration of poultry litter amendments to the soil in combination with seeds with or without an endocarp endocarp. The following factors were studied in the first experiment: substrate source: soil, soil + poultry litter (at 25%) and a commercial substrate. In the second experiment, we studied poultry litter amendments at 0% (just soil), 20% and 40%. Both experiments evaluated the presence or absence of the seed endocarp on: plant height, stem diameter (tree base) and leaf count at 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after sowing (DAS). After conducting field measurements, we evaluated fresh shoot weight (FW) and then dry shoot weight (DW) after drying at 65°C. No significant differences among the substrate sources or concentrations of poultry litter amendments relative to rootstock development. However, rootstock produced from seeds with no endocarps outperformed all other treatments

Estratégias didático-metodológicas para o uso de software educativos gratuitos na educação matemática

Há muitas dúvidas quanto ao uso de recursos digitais no ensino de matemática. É preciso escolher o software adequado aos conteúdos e aos propósitos de ensino. O objetivo foi elaborar estratégias didático-metodológicas para o uso de software gratuitos no ensino de Matemática (6º ao 9º ano), assim como validá-las. As estratégias foram elaboradas conjuntamente com professores que as aplicaram com seus alunos. Duas turmas resolveram os mesmos exercícios em 4 diferentes situações avaliativas para a estratégia validada. O percentual de acertos foi analisado pelo teste Kruskal Wallis. Cinco software para conteúdos problemáticos do ponto de vista docente, identificados pelos professores de matemática, e três das etapas da Teoria dos Modelos Genéricos foram considerados na elaboração de 19 estratégias. Dentre as 11 estratégias validadas, pode-se afirmar que a maioria foi favorável ao aprendizado do aluno. Principalmente, quando as estratégias são inseridas após o conteúdo ser trabalhado em sala de aula

Surface interaction of WO3 nanocrystals with NH3. Role of the exposed crystal surfaces and porous structure in enhancing the electrical response

We report on the surface interaction between NH3 and WO3 nanoparticles having different exposed surfaces or different porous structure, to identify the relative importance of exposed crystal surfaces, porous architecture, and specific surface area in the oxide sensing properties. WO3 nanocrystals with tailored morphology and definite prominent surfaces were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions. In parallel, inverted opal macroporous WO3 films have been prepared by a one-step sol–gel procedure, and WO3 hierarchical layers have been obtained by an innovative one-step dual-templating strategy which leads to macropores and mesopores simultaneously. The performances of WO3 samples in NH3 sensing, indicate that high-energy surfaces result in a significant improvement of the electrical response. Enhanced porous structure and high surface area are not enough to produce high electrical response, while their synergistic combination with tailored crystal faceting appears effective. XPS survey performed on shape controlled WO3 nanocrystals demonstrated that, upon interaction with NH3, oxidized nitrogen atoms represent the prevalent species on the surface of rectangular (WO3-RE) nanocrystals with highly exposed high-energy {020} and {002} facets. Conversely, in the case of rectangular platelets (WO3-SS) and square platelets (WO3-RS) with very low surface area of high-energy surfaces, N–H surface groups are predominant. These results suggest that {020} and {002} crystal surfaces provide privileged reactive sites for ammonia oxidation and therefore they play a key role in driving the sensing properties of the WO3 layers