SLE-type growth processes and the Yang-Lee singularity

The recently introduced SLE growth processes are based on conformal maps from an open and simply-connected subset of the upper half-plane to the half-plane itself. We generalize this by considering a hierarchy of stochastic evolutions mapping open and simply-connected subsets of smaller and smaller fractions of the upper half-plane to these fractions themselves. The evolutions are all driven by one-dimensional Brownian motion. Ordinary SLE appears at grade one in the hierarchy. At grade two we find a direct correspondence to conformal field theory through the explicit construction of a level-four null vector in a highest-weight module of the Virasoro algebra. This conformal field theory has central charge c=-22/5 and is associated to the Yang-Lee singularity. Our construction may thus offer a novel description of this statistical model.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, v2: thorough revision with corrections, v3: version to be publishe

How to Capitalize on the Retest Effect in Future Trials on Huntington's Disease.

The retest effect-improvement of performance on second exposure to a task-may impede the detection of cognitive decline in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases. We assessed the impact of the retest effect in Huntington's disease trials, and investigated its possible neutralization. We enrolled 54 patients in the Multicentric Intracerebral Grafting in Huntington's Disease (MIG-HD) trial and 39 in the placebo arm of the Riluzole trial in Huntington's Disease (RIL-HD). All were assessed with the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) plus additional cognitive tasks at baseline (A1), shortly after baseline (A2) and one year later (A3). We used paired t-tests to analyze the retest effect between A1 and A2. For each task of the MIG-HD study, we used a stepwise algorithm to design models predictive of patient performance at A3, which we applied to the RIL-HD trial for external validation. We observed a retest effect in most cognitive tasks. A decline in performance at one year was detected in 3 of the 15 cognitive tasks with A1 as the baseline, and 9 of the 15 cognitive tasks with A2 as the baseline. We also included the retest effect in performance modeling and showed that it facilitated performance prediction one year later for 14 of the 15 cognitive tasks. The retest effect may mask cognitive decline in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The dual baseline can improve clinical trial design, and better prediction should homogenize patient groups, resulting in smaller numbers of participants being required

Microarray Analyses of Inflammation Response of Human Dermal Fibroblasts to Different Strains of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto

In Lyme borreliosis, the skin is the key site of bacterial inoculation by the infected tick, and of cutaneous manifestations, erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. We explored the role of fibroblasts, the resident cells of the dermis, in the development of the disease. Using microarray experiments, we compared the inflammation of fibroblasts induced by three strains of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto isolated from different environments and stages of Lyme disease: N40 (tick), Pbre (erythema migrans) and 1408 (acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans). The three strains exhibited a similar profile of inflammation with strong induction of chemokines (CXCL1 and IL-8) and IL-6 cytokine mainly involved in the chemoattraction of immune cells. Molecules such as TNF-alpha and NF-κB factors, metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -3 and -12) and superoxide dismutase (SOD2), also described in inflammatory and cellular events, were up-regulated. In addition, we showed that tick salivary gland extracts induce a cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts and that OspC, essential in the transmission of Borrelia to the vertebrate host, was not responsible for the secretion of inflammatory molecules by fibroblasts. Tick saliva components could facilitate the early transmission of the disease to the site of injury creating a feeding pit. Later in the development of the disease, Borrelia would intensively multiply in the skin and further disseminate to distant organs

A Roadmap for HEP Software and Computing R&D for the 2020s

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.Peer reviewe

Skin inflammation and Lyme Borreliosis : in vitro study of the interactions between skin resident cells and Borrelia

Nous avons étudié le rôle de l'immunité innée de la peau lors de la transmission des Borrelia (agent infectieux de la borréliose de Lyme) par son vecteur, une tique dure du genre Ixodes. Nous avons montré que la salive de tique et la protéine salivaire Salp15 inhibent la réaction inflammatoire (production de chimiokines et de peptides antimicrobiens) des kératinocytes induite par Borrelia. Cet effet anti- « alarmine » de la salive de tique contribue probablement à créer un environnement cutané local favorable à la transmission de Borrelia. Nous avons montré que Borrelia induit également au niveau des fibroblastes cutanés la transcription de nombreux gènes proinflammatoires. Nous avons observé un effet toxique direct de la salive de tique sur les fibroblastes cutanés : cet effet dose-dépendant est de nature protéique mais non lié à la protéine Salp15. Ces résultats indiquent que les fibroblastes jouent un rôle important dans l’inflammation cutanée induite par Borrelia.We studied the role of the skin innate immunity during the transmission of Borrelia (the infectious agent of Lyme borreliosis) by its vector, a hard tick belonging to the genus Ixodes. We showed that tick saliva and its protein Salp15 both inhibate Borrelia-induced inflammatory reaction of keratinocytes. The antialarmin effect of tick saliva ensure a favorable environment for Borrelia. We also showed that Borrelia induce a strong inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. We also demonstrate a dose-dependent lytic effect of tick salivary gland extracts on dermal fibroblasts and that this cytotoxic effect was of proteinaceous nature and not related to Salp15. These results indicate that dermal fibroblasts could be considered as central mediators in immune cell recruitment to the skin site of Borrelia invasion

Inflammation cutanée et borréliose de Lyme : étude in vitro des interactions entre les cellules résidentes de la peau et Borrelia

We studied the role of the skin innate immunity during the transmission of Borrelia (the infectious agent of Lyme borreliosis) by its vector, a hard tick belonging to the genus Ixodes. We showed that tick saliva and its protein Salp15 both inhibate Borrelia-induced inflammatory reaction of keratinocytes. The antialarmin effect of tick saliva ensure a favorable environment for Borrelia. We also showed that Borrelia induce a strong inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. We also demonstrate a dose-dependent lytic effect of tick salivary gland extracts on dermal fibroblasts and that this cytotoxic effect was of proteinaceous nature and not related to Salp15. These results indicate that dermal fibroblasts could be considered as central mediators in immune cell recruitment to the skin site of Borrelia invasion.Nous avons étudié le rôle de l'immunité innée de la peau lors de la transmission des Borrelia (agent infectieux de la borréliose de Lyme) par son vecteur, une tique dure du genre Ixodes. Nous avons montré que la salive de tique et la protéine salivaire Salp15 inhibent la réaction inflammatoire (production de chimiokines et de peptides antimicrobiens) des kératinocytes induite par Borrelia. Cet effet anti- « alarmine » de la salive de tique contribue probablement à créer un environnement cutané local favorable à la transmission de Borrelia. Nous avons montré que Borrelia induit également au niveau des fibroblastes cutanés la transcription de nombreux gènes proinflammatoires. Nous avons observé un effet toxique direct de la salive de tique sur les fibroblastes cutanés : cet effet dose-dépendant est de nature protéique mais non lié à la protéine Salp15. Ces résultats indiquent que les fibroblastes jouent un rôle important dans l’inflammation cutanée induite par Borrelia

Skin inflammation and Lyme Borreliosis : in vitro study of the interactions between skin resident cells and Borrelia

Nous avons étudié le rôle de l'immunité innée de la peau lors de la transmission des Borrelia (agent infectieux de la borréliose de Lyme) par son vecteur, une tique dure du genre Ixodes. Nous avons montré que la salive de tique et la protéine salivaire Salp15 inhibent la réaction inflammatoire (production de chimiokines et de peptides antimicrobiens) des kératinocytes induite par Borrelia. Cet effet anti- « alarmine » de la salive de tique contribue probablement à créer un environnement cutané local favorable à la transmission de Borrelia. Nous avons montré que Borrelia induit également au niveau des fibroblastes cutanés la transcription de nombreux gènes proinflammatoires. Nous avons observé un effet toxique direct de la salive de tique sur les fibroblastes cutanés : cet effet dose-dépendant est de nature protéique mais non lié à la protéine Salp15. Ces résultats indiquent que les fibroblastes jouent un rôle important dans l’inflammation cutanée induite par Borrelia.We studied the role of the skin innate immunity during the transmission of Borrelia (the infectious agent of Lyme borreliosis) by its vector, a hard tick belonging to the genus Ixodes. We showed that tick saliva and its protein Salp15 both inhibate Borrelia-induced inflammatory reaction of keratinocytes. The antialarmin effect of tick saliva ensure a favorable environment for Borrelia. We also showed that Borrelia induce a strong inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. We also demonstrate a dose-dependent lytic effect of tick salivary gland extracts on dermal fibroblasts and that this cytotoxic effect was of proteinaceous nature and not related to Salp15. These results indicate that dermal fibroblasts could be considered as central mediators in immune cell recruitment to the skin site of Borrelia invasion

Etude du leucotropisme du virus de l'hépatite C par caractérisation des quasi-espèces virales dans la région hypervariable 1 de la glycoprotéine virale d'enveloppe E2 sur le modèle de la transplantation hépatique.

STRASBOURG-Medecine (674822101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Study of a complex environmental mixture by electrospray ionization and laser desorption ionization high resolution mass spectrometry: the cigarette smoke aerosol

Aerosols from the mainstream cigarette smoke have been analyzed by electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS). Measurements have been conducted in positive ion mode. The chemical composition of cigarette smoke aerosol is significant because it gives insights of one complex indoor environmental mixture. Almost 1300 chemical compositions relative to nitrogen species were successfully determined through the accurate mass measurement and the good ion production of the used technique. The most abundant class of compounds corresponds to N2 one (hydrocarbons with two nitrogen atoms). For other classes, the van Krevelen diagrams ensured to define that other nitrogen and oxygen-nitrogen compounds adopted similar behavior in terms of unsaturation and alkylation range. The detailed composition of cigarette smoke aerosol provided a typical chemical fingerprint from the biomass pyrolysis with tobacco-specific compounds. We examined also the contribution of laser desorption ionization (LDI) technique coupled to FTICRMS for the acute analysis of cigarette smoke aerosol. While a part of the chemical composition were found similar to ESI results, LDI achieved a broader range of poly-aromatic compounds and highlight new class compounds as pure hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing species. The combination of ESI and LDI with high resolution mass spectrometry clearly increased significantly the coverage of the “whole composition” of environmental aerosols such as cigarette smoke aerosol

Inflammation cutanée et borréliose de Lyme (étude in vitro des interactions entre les cellules résidentes de la peau et Borrelia)

Nous avons étudié le rôle de l'immunité innée de la peau lors de la transmission des Borrelia (agent infectieux de la borréliose de Lyme) par son vecteur, une tique dure du genre Ixodes. Nous avons montré que la salive de tique et la protéine salivaire Salp15 inhibent la réaction inflammatoire (production de chimiokines et de peptides antimicrobiens) des kératinocytes induite par Borrelia. Cet effet anti- alarmine de la salive de tique contribue probablement à créer un environnement cutané local favorable à la transmission de Borrelia. Nous avons montré que Borrelia induit également au niveau des fibroblastes cutanés la transcription de nombreux gènes proinflammatoires. Nous avons observé un effet toxique direct de la salive de tique sur les fibroblastes cutanés : cet effet dose-dépendant est de nature protéique mais non lié à la protéine Salp15. Ces résultats indiquent que les fibroblastes jouent un rôle important dans l inflammation cutanée induite par Borrelia.We studied the role of the skin innate immunity during the transmission of Borrelia (the infectious agent of Lyme borreliosis) by its vector, a hard tick belonging to the genus Ixodes. We showed that tick saliva and its protein Salp15 both inhibate Borrelia-induced inflammatory reaction of keratinocytes. The antialarmin effect of tick saliva ensure a favorable environment for Borrelia. We also showed that Borrelia induce a strong inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. We also demonstrate a dose-dependent lytic effect of tick salivary gland extracts on dermal fibroblasts and that this cytotoxic effect was of proteinaceous nature and not related to Salp15. These results indicate that dermal fibroblasts could be considered as central mediators in immune cell recruitment to the skin site of Borrelia invasion.STRASBOURG-Bib.electronique 063 (674829902) / SudocSudocFranceF