Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018

In recent decades, the Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise1,2, and it is expected to be so in the future3. Although increases in glacier flow4–6 and surface melting7–9 have been driven by oceanic10–12 and atmospheric13,14 warming, the degree and trajectory of today’s imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. Although the ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 335 ± 62 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,800 ± 339 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.6 ± 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,971 ± 555 billion tonnes (52%) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,827 ± 538 billion tonnes (48%) of ice loss was due to increased glacier discharge, which rose from 41 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. Between 2013 and 2017, the total rate of ice loss slowed to 217 ± 32 billion tonnes per year, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions15 and as ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ16. Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the IPCC’s predicted rates for their high-end climate warming scenario17, which forecast an additional 50 to 120 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 when compared to their central estimate

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Hegemonijos apraiškos ir religinio identiteto politika šiuolaikinėje Lietuvoje

The paper acquaints with the concept of hegemony formulated by Antonio Gramsci, which allows identifying the principles of identity formation. Individual focus is shifted on the separating line between hegemony and identity concepts demarcated by Jean and John Comaroff. The phenomenon of Catholic identity in Lithuania is presented through an example illustrating cases of unsuccessful process of identity formation when it is dissociated from the quest for hegemony consensus and perceived solely on an ideological basis. The author discusses the opportunities for the use of the hegemony phenomenon in the context of identity formation from the religious aspect. He does it consciously, aware of the deep tradition of Catholicism in Lithuania. Discussing with other realia of the country’s cultural life, one of the most important whereof is the attitudes of the nation’s historical lifestyle and cultural heritage, the Church often loses its spheres of influence in the fight for ideological hegemony positions. All this is even more complicated by the ever strengthening modern ideology of Western capitalism, which propagates individualistic and secular lifestyle values. Despite universal opinion that the majority of Lithuanians formally consider themselves to be Catholics, only a small part can say that Catholicism has become their key ideal of lifestyle. For many ordinary Lithuanians Catholicism remains an important ideology not in their own life but rather (according to them) an ideology that serves the interests of other social layers – the elite of the community

Religinė įvairovė : svarstymai apie viešą raišką ir kontroversijas

ISSN 2335-8777 (online)Straipsnyje analizuojami įvairūs moksliniai požiūriai į religinę įvairovę šiuolaikinėse visuomenėse. Autorius teigia, kad religinę įvairovę formuoja trys pagrindiniai veiksniai: konkrečios valstybės istorinės trajektorijos, pokyčiai globalios šiaurės visuomenėse dėl migracijos ir precedento neturinčio „užsienio“ religijų antplūdžio, taip pat didėjantis religinių diskursų ir vaizdų viešajame gyvenime, ypač per žiniasklaidą, įvairovės suvokimas. Autoriaus nuomone, analizuojant religinę įvairovę ir viešuosius debatus itin svarbu atkreipti dėmesį į galios santykių vaidmenį platesnėje visuomenėje ir valstybės politinę sistemąThe article presents a preliminary sketch of various approaches to religious diversity in contemporary societies. It argues that religious diversity is shaped by three important factors: the specific historical trajectory of a country’s religious field, recent changes in the societies of the Global North through migration and the influx of “foreign” religions at an unprecedented scale, and the increasing relevance of the circulation of religious discourses and images in public life, especially through the media, for the perception of diversity. The article suggests paying special attention to the role of power relations in the wider society and to the impact of the state political framework in the analysis of the experience of and public debates about religious diversitySocialinių mokslų fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Catholic majority societies and religious hegemony : concepts and comparisons

Socialinių mokslų fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Parengiamieji antropologiniai apmąstymai apie sekuliarumą ir sekuliarybę

Antropologai beveik vienbalsiai atmetė sekuliarizacijos teorijos universalistinius teiginius. Tačiau jie aptarė sekuliarizmo, kaip politinės ideologijos, atskiriančios bažnyčią ir valstybę, bei sekuliarumo kaip nereligingumo habitus ir kultūros sąvokas. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami keturi požiūriai: Talalo Asado sekuliarizmo ir istorijos abipusė skverbtis Vakarų istorijoje; sekuliarizmo, kaip valstybės ideologijos, Turkijoje ir kitose valstybėse studijos; sekuliarizmo, kaip socialinio uždarumo ideologijos, islamo atžvilgiu studijos šiuolaikinėje Vakarų Europoje; sekuliarumo vaidmens buvusiose socialistinėse valstybėse po patirtos ateistinės politikos studijos. Minėtų keturių požiūrių analizės išvados leidžia ieškoti būdo antropologijai toliau įsitraukti į sekuliarumo sąvokos (tiek analitinės, tiek vartojamos plačiai) analizęAnthropologists have been almost unanimous in rejecting the universalist claims of secularization theory. They have, however, engaged with notions of secularism (a political ideology of church-state separation) and secularity (a culture and habitus of areligiousness). In this article, four such approaches are sketched: Talal Asad’s analysis of the interpenetration of secularism and history throughout Western history, studies of secularism as state ideology in Turkey and elsewhere, studies of secularism as an ideology of social closure against Islam in contemporary Western Europe, and studies of the role of secularity in the formerly socialist countries in the aftermath of an atheist state policy. Conclusions drawn from these approaches may point the way toward a more synchronized anthropological engagement with the secular as both an analytical and a folk conceptSocialinių mokslų fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

The elusive religious field in Lithuania

Socialinių mokslų fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta