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Crystal structure of the glycosyltransferase SnogD from the biosynthetic pathway of nogalamycin in Streptomyces nogalater

The glycosyltransferase SnogD from Streptomyces nogalater transfers a nogalamine moiety to the metabolic intermediate 3′,4′-demethoxynogalose-1-hydroxynogalamycinone during the final steps of biosynthesis of the aromatic polyketide nogalamycin. The crystal structure of recombinant SnogD, as an apo-enzyme and with a bound nucleotide, 2-deoxyuridine-5′-diphosphate, was determined to 2.6 Å resolution. Reductive methylation of SnogD was crucial for reproducible preparation of diffraction quality crystals due to creation of an additional intermolecular salt bridge between methylated lysine residue Lys384 and Glu374* from an adjacent molecule in the crystal lattice. SnogD is a dimer both in solution and in the crystal, and the enzyme subunit displays a fold characteristic of the GT-B family of glycosyltransferases. Binding of the nucleotide is associated with rearrangement of two active-site loops. Site-directed mutagenesis shows that two active-site histidine residues, His25 and His301, are critical for the glycosyltransferase activities of SnogD both in vivo and in vitro. The crystal structures and the functional data are consistent with a role for His301 in binding of the diphosphate group of the sugar donor substrate, and a function of His25 as a catalytic base in the glycosyl transfer reaction.VRPublishe

Kinship Past, Kinship Present: Bio-Essentialism in the Study of Kinship

In this article, I reconsider bio-essentialism in the study of kinship, centering on David Schneider’s influential critique that concluded that kinship was “a non-subject” (1972:51). Schneider’s critique is often taken to have shown the limitations of and problems with past views of kinship based on biology, genealogy, and reproduction, a critique that subsequently led those reworking kinship as relatedness in the new kinship studies to view their enterprise as divorced from such bio-essentialist studies. Beginning with an alternative narrative connecting kinship past and present and concluding by introducing a novel way of thinking about kinship, I have three constituent aims in this research article: (1) to reconceptualize the relationship between kinship past and kinship present; (2) to reevaluate Schneider’s critique of bio-essentialism and what this implies for the contemporary study of kinship; and (3) subsequently to redirect theoretical discussion of what kinship is. This concluding discussion introduces a general view, the homeostatic property cluster (HPC) view of kinds, into anthropology, providing a theoretical framework that facilitates realization of the often-touted desideratum of the integration of biological and social features of kinship. [bio-essentialism, kinship studies, homeostatic property cluster kinds, Schneider, genealogy

Olhares plurais n(o percurso d)os estudos sobre feiras no Brasil

This article aims to verify potential congruencies and peculiarities of scientific production on fairs in Brazil. The research was conducted through a meta-study with the term fair searched in the SPELL® electronic library, without delimiting field and period, but considering peer-reviewed articles. The search yielded 101 articles, of which 69 were analyzed categorically and lexically. Fairs are an ancient form of commerce, and few studies still exist to understand their different facets. Therefore, academic research on this subject is important to advance knowledge and propose a future research agenda. When analyzing the articles, it was found that the main unity of the productions is that open-air and craft fairs are the most researched, focusing on marketing, organizational studies and tourism. As for the methodology, the articles analyzed are predominantly qualitative, using interviews, observations and documents, treated through content and discourse analysis. One of the pieces of evidence identified was the plurality of articles and the limited use of quantitative methods. The systematic discussion of scientific knowledge about fairs stands out, allowing the understanding of the state of the art and the study methodologies used on this topic and identifying that there are still many gaps in research on fairs, enabling new theoretical advances.El objetivo de este artículo es verificar potenciales congruencias y peculiaridades de la producción científica en ferias en Brasil. La investigación se realizó a través de un metaestudio con el término justo buscado en la biblioteca electrónica SPELL®, sin delimitar campo y período, pero considerando artículos revisados ​​por pares. La búsqueda resultó en 101 artículos de los cuales 69 fueron analizados categórica y léxicamente. Las ferias son una forma antigua de comercio y aún existen pocos estudios para comprender sus diferentes facetas. Por lo tanto, la investigación académica sobre este objeto es importante para avanzar en el conocimiento sobre este tema y proponer una agenda de investigación futura. Al analizar los artículos se encontró que la principal congruencia de las producciones es que las ferias al aire libre y artesanales son las más investigadas, centrándose en marketing, estudios organizacionales y turismo. En cuanto a la metodología, los artículos analizados son predominantemente cualitativos, utilizando entrevistas, observaciones y documentos, tratados a través de análisis de contenido y discurso. Una de las peculiaridades identificadas fue la pluralidad de artículos y el uso limitado de métodos cuantitativos. Se destaca la discusión sistemática del conocimiento científico sobre ferias, permitiendo comprender el estado del arte y las metodologías de estudio utilizadas sobre este tema e identificando que aún existen muchos vacíos en la investigación sobre ferias, posibilitando nuevos avances teóricos.O objetivo este artigo é verificar potenciais congruências e peculiaridades da produção científica sobre feiras no Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um meta-estudo com o termo feira pesquisado na biblioteca eletrônica SPELL®, sem delimitação de campo e período, mas considerando artigos revisados por pares. A busca resultou em 101 artigos dos quais foram analisados 69 de forma categorial e léxica. As feiras são uma forma de comércio antiga e ainda com poucos estudos para entender suas diferentes facetas. Assim, pesquisas acadêmicas sobre este objeto são importantes para se avançar no conhecimento sobre este tema e propor uma agenda de pesquisas futuras. Ao analisar os artigos verificou-se que a principal congruência das produções é que as feiras livres e de artesanato são as mais pesquisadas, focando marketing, estudos organizacionais e turismo. Quanto à metodologia, os artigos analisados são predominantemente qualitativos, com uso de entrevista, observação e documentos, tratados por meio de análises de conteúdo e de discurso. Uma das peculiaridades identificadas foi a pluralidade de artigos e o limitado uso de métodos quantitativos. Destaca-se a discussão sistematizada do conhecimento científico sobre feiras, permitindo a compreensão do estado da arte e das metodologias de estudo utilizadas sobre este tema, bem como identificar que ainda há muitas lacunas nas pesquisas sobre feiras, possibilitando novos avanços teóricos

Microbial transformation of biogenic and abiogenic Fe minerals followed by in-situ incubations in an As-contaminated vs. non-contaminated aquifer

Contains fulltext : 234196.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access

Metric based virtual simulation training for endovascular thrombectomy improves interventional neuroradiologists’ simulator performance

Objective Metric based virtual reality simulation training may enhance the capability of interventional neuroradiologists (INR) to perform endovascular thrombectomy. As pilot for a national simulation study we examined the feasibility and utility of simulated endovascular thrombectomy procedures on a virtual reality (VR) simulator. Methods Six INR and four residents participated in the thrombectomy skill training on a VR simulator (Mentice VIST 5G). Two different case-scenarios were defined as benchmark-cases, performed before and after VR simulator training. INR performing endovascular thrombectomy clinically were also asked to fill out a questionnaire analyzing their degree of expectation and general attitude towards VR simulator training. Results All participants improved in mean total procedure time for both benchmark-cases. Experts showed significant improvements in handling errors (case 2), a reduction in contrast volume used (case 1 and 2), and fluoroscopy time (case 1 and 2). Novices showed a significant improvement in steps finished (case 2), a reduction in fluoroscopy time (case 1), and radiation used (case 1). Both, before and after having performed simulation training the participating INR had a positive attitude towards VR simulation training. Conclusion VR simulation training enhances the capability of INR to perform endovascular thrombectomy on the VR simulator. INR have generally a positive attitude towards VR simulation training. Whether the VR simulation training translates to enhanced clinical performance will be evaluated in the ongoing Norwegian national simulation study.publishedVersio

Validity and reliability of Resource Utilization Groups (RUG-III) in Finnish long-term care facilities

Resource Utilization Groups, Version III (RUG-III) is a case-mix system developed in the USA for classification of long-term care residents. This paper examines the validity and reliability of an adapted 22-group version of RUG-III (RUG-III/22) for use in long-term care facilities in Finland. Finnish cost weights for RUG-III/22 groups are calculated and different methods for their computation are evaluated. The study sample (1,964 residents) was collected in 1995 - 96 from ten long-term care facilities in Finland. RUG-III/22 alone explained 38.2% of the variance of total patient-specific (nursing + auxiliary staff) per diem cost. Resource use within RUG groups was relatively homogeneous. Other predictors of resource use included age, gender and length of stay. RUG-III/22 also met the standard for good reliability (i.e. a kappa value of 0.6 or higher) for crucial classification items, such as activities of daily living and high correlation between assessments based on relative cost.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68924/2/10.1177_14034948990270030201.pd