2,403 research outputs found
TETRALOGIE: Programa de Vigilancia CientĂfica y tecnolĂłgica
Tetralogie es una herramienta informĂĄtica de inteligencia competitiva que viene con textos cumplidos e informaciĂłn relevando de fuentes bibliogrĂĄficas, online o en formato Cd/Rom, de Internet o de cualquier otro fuente informĂĄtica. Con mĂ©todos estadĂsticos y mĂ©todos de anĂĄlisis exploratorio de datos, genera en poco tiempo informaciĂłn estratĂ©gica no disponible hasta ahora, como de identidad de los actores, movilidad, surgimiento y evoluciĂłn de temas y conceptos, terminologĂas, dominios marcados, clusters, que leer, donde publicar, con quiĂ©n colaborar. Tetralogie es una herramienta diseñada para la vigilancia cientĂfica y tecnolĂłgica
Evidence for systemic outbreeding: A rejoinder to Denham, Beyond Fictions of Closure in Australian Aboriginal Kinship
International audienceIn his substantial paper, Denham makes an important point with which I can only strongly agree: generational and social closure in Aboriginal kinship are fictions distorting the understanding of socio-cultural history in Aboriginal Australia. While there are some points in this paper that probably need further discussion, I would like to use this rejoinder as a space in which to provide some additional evidence that Denham could not have had at hand (because never published) supporting his demonstration, in addition to engaging in a discussion of some points on the general as well as specific nature of Australian kinship
Un projet expérimental à la Maison Asie Pacifique (Marseille): Online digital sources and annotation system for the social sciences
L'ambition du projet ODSAS est de proposer une plateforme de sauvegarde et d'archivage multifonctionnelle des données de terrain que rapportent les chercheurs, en particulier les anthropologues, de leurs terrains. Cette ambition répond à une demande forte ressentie parmi les anthropologues de notre centre. Trop de données ethnologiques finissent inexploitées et souvent inconnues dans les « cartons », car les chercheurs n'emploient que rarement la totalité de leurs données dans leurs analyses et leurs publications. Les publications n'offrent guÚre la possibilité de reproduire, et donc de pérenniser les données brutes, mais se limitent aux analyses, aux conclusions et aux propositions théoriques. Une grande quantité de données originales sont ainsi souvent perdues pour les générations de chercheurs à venir
The âGlobal' versus the âLocal': Cognitive processes of kin determination in Aboriginal Australia
International audienceMorgan and his informants' interpretation of Australian social categories as âmarriage classesâ has survived in Dumont's (and Viveiros de Castro's) distinction of a âlocalâ (Dravidian systems) and a âglobalâ (Australian systems) formula. This paper explains that the âglobal formulaâ is neither a necessary nor an applied device in Australian kin category determination, even when genealogical memory is short and when there is a non-limitation of range in the extension of categories. Instead, a heuristic model, which is called the relational triangle, is proposed. This model depicts the procedure through which Australian people pragmatically determine and extend kin categories. Moreover, it also offers a visualisation of the cognitive schema and processes framing discourse and behaviour in relation to kinship and draws some parallels with Greenberg's hypotheses on markedness in kinship classes
De l' humanisation de la géographie : Conceptions et organisations fonciÚres dans le Désert de l' Ouest australien
International audienceCe chapitre aborde quelques considĂ©rations gĂ©nĂ©rales au sujet de lâinterprĂ©tation de la notion de propriĂ©tĂ© fonciĂšre afin de la replacer dans son contexte sociohistorique. Il illustre ensuite la difficultĂ© de gĂ©nĂ©raliser la notion Ă dâautres sociĂ©tĂ©s dont les systĂšmes de valeurs et les cosmogonies sont diffĂ©rentes par un exemple australien du DĂ©sert de l'Ouest. Il apparaĂźt que le « foncier » y est caractĂ©ristique de deux divergences fondamentales par rapport Ă lâentendement occidental (et donc par rapport au systĂšme juridique australien), qui sont pour la premiĂšre que le foncier nâest pas conçu en termes de surfaces, mais de points ou pĂŽles de concentration mythologique, sociale et culturelle ; ensuite, pour ce qui est de la seconde, que lâaffiliation fonciĂšre nâest pas hĂ©ritable ou transmissible, mais doit ĂȘtre acquises au cours de la vie par divers mĂ©canismes socialement reconnus. Ces deux caractĂ©ristiques permettent de renforcer lâhypothĂšse anthropologique selon laquelle la propriĂ©tĂ© rĂšgle davantage des questions de relations entre les gens que des relations entre les gens et la chose. Elle permettent Ă©galement dâillustrer Ă quel point les conceptions et affiliations fonciĂšres sont des technologies sociales qui articulent les rĂ©seaux et relations sociales, et que, en ce sens, la gĂ©ographique nâest que lorsquâelle est humanisĂ©e
On Reading Theodor Strehlow's 'Aranda Regular and Irregular Marriages'
Comparaison des mariages et normes décrits par Strehlow pour les Aranda du désert du centre australiensd avec les pratiques et idéaux exprimés par les Ngaatjatjarra dans le Désert de l'Oues
La Sorcellerie en MĂ©lanĂ©sie : Ălicitation de lâinacceptable
International audienceElicitation of Unacceptable. â Sorcery has remained an important issue in Melanesia countries, in particular in Papua New Guinea and in Vanuatu. It has become a concern for policy makers, legislators and NGOs, and is considered a central practice among many local peoples. Researchers interested in the question of sorcery tend to compartmentalize the analysis favoring an approach that considers sorcery to be an indicator of economic and political postcolo- nial changes. Others, less frequently, study witchcraft as being disconnected from its his- torical and political contexts and attempt to analyze its rationale in terms of cultural representations. The discussion of a recent case of sorcery in the south of the island of Malekula in Vanuatu shows that these approaches are in fact complementary. A clear distinction between magic and sorcery is difficult in Vanuatu because the technical means available to both are identical. The basis for such a distinction is rather the act of accusation, that is, the verbalization of alle- ged practices that, while drawing their means from a recognized and acceptable repertoire, are thought to constitute a form of resistance to an emerging social order. These verbaliza- tions, which consist of elicitations of forma- lized values, are moments where being together and being alike are revealed through the distinction of what is acceptable from what is not. Elicitations are here opportuni- ties for explanation, for confirmation and for transformation of social values that define membership and expose the collective. In this context, accusations of sorcery and the identification of alleged sorcerers become simultaneously a means to act on, and a way of thinking the world. It is because sorcery allows all of this that not only has it remai- ned relevant in Melanesian countries and beyond, but that it also continues to be so central to the lives of the people of Malekula.Laurent Dousset, La sorcellerie en MĂ©lanĂ©sie :Ă©licitation de lâinacceptable. â La sorcellerie demeure dâune grande actualitĂ© dans les pays de la MĂ©lanĂ©sie, tout particuliĂšrement en Papouasie Nouvelle-GuinĂ©e et au Vanuatu. Elle prĂ©occupe les dĂ©cideurs politiques, les lĂ©gislateurs et les organisations non gouver- nementales, et elle reste une pratique consi- dĂ©rĂ©e comme importante parmi de nom- breuses populations locales. Les chercheurs qui sâintĂ©ressent Ă ces faits sociaux ont ten- dance Ă cloisonner lâanalyse et Ă privilĂ©gier une approche qui considĂšre la sorcellerie comme un indicateur de mutations Ă©co- nomiques et politiques postcoloniales. Dâautres, plus rares, Ă©tudient la sorcellerie en la dĂ©connectant des contextes historiques et politiques des pays en question pour y trou- ver des logiques de reprĂ©sentations cultu- relles. Lâanalyse dâun cas de sorcellerie rĂ©cent dans le sud de lâĂźle de Malekula au Vanuatu montre que ces approches sont pourtant complĂ©mentaires. La distinction entre magie et sorcellerie est difficile au Vanuatu, car les moyens techniques Ă disposition sont iden- tiques. Ce qui fonde une telle distinction est lâaccusation, câest-Ă -dire la verbalisation dâactes prĂ©sumĂ©s qui, tout en puisant leurs sources dans un rĂ©pertoire reconnu comme acceptable, sont pensĂ©es ĂȘtre une forme de rĂ©sistance Ă un ordre social qui Ă©merge. Ces moments de verbalisation, vĂ©ritables Ă©licita- tions de paroles formalisĂ©es, sont des lieux oĂč lâĂȘtre ensemble et lâĂȘtre pareil se rĂ©vĂšlent parce quâils permettent de distinguer lâaccep- table de lâinacceptable. Ces Ă©licitations se prĂ©sentent comme des moments dâexplica- tion, dâaffirmation et de transformation de valeurs sociales jugĂ©es fonder lâappartenance et rĂ©vĂ©ler le collectif. Lâaccusation de sorcelle- rie et lâidentification du sorcier prĂ©sumĂ© constituent ainsi simultanĂ©ment un procĂ©dĂ© pour agir sur le monde et un moyen pour le penser. Câest parce que la sorcellerie fait et permet tout cela en mĂȘme temps que, non seulement elle reste actuelle dans les pays de MĂ©lanĂ©sie et au-delĂ , mais aussi quâelle conti- nue Ă ĂȘtre si centrale dans la vie des habitants de Malekula
Combinatorial approaches towards active models for galactose oxidase
Within this thesis, copper complexes have been synthesised as models for the enzyme galactose oxidase. A combinatorial library of 81 decapeptides containing the redox active TOAC amino acid was synthesised following the split mix strategy. The peptide-ligands were complexed with copper(II) and screened for activity in the aerobic oxidation of 3 methoxybenzyl alcohol. The screening revealed active members. Moreover an unnatural amino acid derived from L cysteine has been synthesised. This amino acid is a model for the Tyr Cys cross link found at the active site of galactose oxidase and was further included successfully in two different peptide sequences. In a third part, a low molecular weight tosylamide ligand was synthesised on solid support. The copper complex of this ligand showed activity in the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols
"Horizontal" and "vertical" skewing: similar objectives, two solutions?
This paper compares the rationale of parallel-cross neutralizations and skewing in Australian Aboriginal kinship systems and suggests that these Dravidian-like but nevertheless different systems indicate strategic and adaptative usages of kinship terminologies
From structure to substance and back: materialities in Australian Aboriginal kinship
International audienceAustralian Aboriginal kinship studies were formerly interested in the structural properties of systems. This paper shows however that there are several co-existing systems among one and the same language group and that the deployment of these systems is context dependent and follow materialist and symbolic strategies
- âŠ