Belief Revision in light of Lindenbaum-Tarski Algebra

This paper investigates the relationship between the theory of belief revision and Lindenbaum-Tarski algebras for propositional logic. The intent is to represent the revision function described by the AGM-postulates algebraically. The AGM theory is based on deductively closed sets, which are characterizable as generated filters in the algebra as well as depictable in the corresponding Hasse diagram. This fact is shown by proving that a partial order is definable for the algebra, that this order is the consequence relation of propositional calculus and that the generated filters are deductively closed. Furthermore, an alternative, but equivalent approach to the AGM theory is introduced, the revision proposed by Katsuno and Mendelzon, which characterizes the deductively closed sets as propositional formulae. This correspondence follows naturally from the behaviour of filters and can be applied without problems to define the functions of the AGM framework in the Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra. The visualization of partially ordered sets as a Hasse diiagram is used to depict an example of a belief revision. Lastly, some combinatorical calculations are introduced to determine the number of possible solution candidates for a belief revision

Passantenumfrage zu Museumsbesuchen Innsbruck 2009. Forschungsdokumentation

Bei der vorliegenden Umfragestudie handelt es sich um den Versuch, ein valides Meßinstrument zur Erfassung von Einstellungen zum Museum und von Motivation für den Besuch zu entwickeln. Dem entsprechend operiert der Fragebogen mit einem hohen Anteil offener Fragen, deren Antworten hier dokumentiert und für eine erste Typologie gruppiert sind. Darüber hinaus ist der komplette Fragebogen zusammen mit der Auszählung der Antworten auf die standardisierten Fragen (Demographie sowie generalisierte Einstellungsitems) ausgedruckt. Die Bevölkerungsumfrage wurde im Winter 2009/10 in Innsbruck durchgeführt

EMG Amplitude–Force Relationship of Lumbar Back Muscles during Isometric Submaximal Tasks in Healthy Inactive, Endurance and Strength-Trained Subjects

Previous data suggest a correlation between the cross-sectional area of Type II muscle fibers and the degree of non-linearity of the EMG amplitude–force relationship (AFR). In this study we investigated whether the AFR of back muscles could be altered systematically by using different training modalities. We investigated 38 healthy male subjects (aged 19–31 years) who regularly performed either strength or endurance training (ST and ET, n = 13 each) or were physically inactive (controls (C), n = 12). Graded submaximal forces on the back were applied by defined forward tilts in a full-body training device. Surface EMG was measured utilizing a monopolar 4 × 4 quadratic electrode scheme in the lower back area. The polynomial AFR slopes were determined. Between-group tests revealed significant differences for ET vs. ST and C vs. ST comparisons at the medial and caudal electrode positions, but not for ET vs. C. Further, systematic main effects of the “electrode position” could be proven for ET and C groups with decreasing x 2 coefficients from cranial to caudal and lateral to medial. For ST, there was no systematic main effect of the “electrode position”. The results point towards training-related changes to the fiber-type composition of muscles in the strength-trained participants, particularly for their paravertebral region

Investigation of Band Tailing in Sputtered ZnO Al Thin Films Regarding Structural Properties and Impurities

Thin films of pure aluminum doped ZnO and with addition of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen have been prepared by magnetron sputtering. The spectral absorption coefficient close to the band gap energy has been determined by spectrophotometry and analyzed regarding band tailing and creation of defect bands. We found, that an improvement of Raman crystallinity under O2 rich growth conditions is not accompanied by a suppression of band tailing as expected. An additional absorption feature evolves for layers grown in N2 containing atmosphere. Doping with hydrogen attenuates sub band gap absorptio

Navigating uncertainty : analyzing the impact of the global chip shortage on an original equipment manufacturer’s strategy

Since 2020, the global semiconductor shortage has significantly challenged industries worldwide, with still no solution in sight to date. Especially the car industry has been struck hard, with a lack of semiconductors nearly bringing car production to a complete stop. This thesis explores how an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) was forced to adapt its production strategy due to the chip crisis by examining which dynamic capabilities are necessary for them to succeed now and in the future. A pedagogical case study is used in which students are given a real-world scenario to assess an OEM's crisis management strategy. Semi-structured interviews with industry professionals, the OEM's product management team and secondary data were used to investigate the issue further. The findings of the thesis highlight three main points: (1) The need to modernize traditional car manufacturing by enhancing software integration in assembly procedures (2) The need to restructure supplier relations and the global semiconductor supply chain network. (3) The need for better risk management and order forecasting through evolving technology and sharing vital data along the supply chain. The thesis underlines both the beneficial and adverse implications of rapidly advancing technology on traditional car manufacturing and how this relates to a company's successful utilization of dynamic capabilities.Desde 2020, a escassez global de semicondutores tem desafiado significativamente as indústrias em todo o mundo, não havendo ainda uma solução à vista. Especialmente a indústria automóvel tem sido duramente atingida, com a falta de semicondutores quase a parar completamente a produção. Esta tese explora como um Fabricante de Equipamento Original (OEM) foi forçado a adaptar a sua estratégia de produção devido à crise dos chips, examinando quais as capacidades dinâmicas necessárias para o seu sucesso agora e no futuro. É utilizado um estudo de caso pedagógico no qual os estudantes recebem um cenário do mundo real para avaliar uma estratégia de gestão de crises de OEM. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais da indústria, a equipa de gestão de produtos dos OEM e dados secundários para investigar mais aprofundadamente a questão. As conclusões da tese destacam três pontos principais: (1) A necessidade de modernizar o fabrico de automóveis tradicionais, melhorando a integração de software nos procedimentos de montagem (2) A necessidade de reestruturar as relações com os fornecedores e a rede global da cadeia de fornecimento de semicondutores. (3) A necessidade de uma melhor gestão de riscos e previsão de encomendas através da evolução da tecnologia e da partilha de dados vitais ao longo da cadeia de fornecimento. A tese destaca tanto as implicações benéficas como adversas de uma tecnologia de rápido avanço no fabrico de automóveis tradicionais e como isto se relaciona com a utilização bem sucedida de capacidades dinâmicas por parte de uma empresa