A extrema-direita e a imigração em Portugal: Análise do discurso do Chega

A ascensão dos partidos da extrema-direita nos últimos anos tem sido uma tendência notável da qual também Portugal fez parte. As características desses partidos são diferentes em função do seu contexto nacional. No entanto, convergem em particular no tema das migrações, onde é observável um discurso oposto ao multiculturalismo, xenófobo e anti-imigração, em que os fenómenos migratórios são representados como ameaças à economia, segurança e identidade nacional e é defendida a restrição de fronteiras. Tendo por base este ponto de convergência dos partidos de extrema-direita na Europa, a dissertação caracteriza o discurso do partido português Chega sobre os fenómenos migratórios através da sua categorização, demonstrando que existem paralelismos entre este e o discurso dos partidos de extrema-direita europeus, mas também evidenciando pontos em que estes discursos divergem. Através de uma análise temática de diversos documentos disponibilizados pelo partido, conclui-se que, tal como os restantes partidos de extrema-direita europeus, o discurso do Chega é caracterizado pelo apelo à restrição dos fluxos migratórios, aumento do controlo das fronteiras e aversão às migrações irregulares, justificado em riscos que as migrações alegadamente representam para a identidade e segurança nacional. Algumas diferenças são, no entanto, observáveis, nomeadamente por atribuir menos importância aos riscos socioeconómicos e por ter um alvo menos explícito no seu discurso.Far-right parties’ rise in recent years has been a notable tendency of which Portugal took part in as well. The aforementioned parties are highly connected to specific national contexts and are generally very distinct. With that being said, most of them converge on the topic of migrations, where it’s noticeable an opposed to multiculturalism, xenophobic and anti-immigration discourse in which migratory phenomena are represented as threats to national economy, security and identity and the restriction of borders is defended. Based on this European far-right parties’ convergence, this dissertation characterizes Portuguese party Chega’s migration discourse through its categorization, demonstrating the parallelisms that exist between this and other far-right parties in Europe, whilst point out where these discourses diverge. Through a thematic analysis of various documents made available by the party, one can conclude that, just like most far-right parties in Europe, Chega’s discourse is characterized by a plea for a restriction of migratory flows, as well as a strengthening of border control and aversion to irregular migrants. Some differences, however, are noticeable, namely through the lack of emphasis on socioeconomic risks and through the less explicit target on its discourse

Un modèle de particule à spin de masse nulle dans le champ de gravitation

This unpublished over than forty years old thesis -- in French -- deals with ''A model of massless spinning particle in the gravitational field''.This model is built in the framework of the Souriau's one for spinning particles in general relativity.First, the most general equations for the motion of massless spinning particles are carried out.Then, an analytical solution is found for the de Sitter's universe as a homogeneous one: it brings out no new effect.In the frame of the Swcharzschild's solution of the Einstein's equations, new phenomenons are predicted by the means of a numerical resolution of the equations yield by this model.Among them, a tiny birefringence--like effect is predicted between right and left hand polarized photons, as an example of massless particles.But it was far from being measurable then in the situations which were studied therein.However, a new interest for this kind of model has recently raised.Cette thèse non publiée et datant de plus de quarante ans -- en français -- traite d'"Un modèle de particule à spin de masse nulle dans le champ de gravitation".Ce modèle est construit dans le cadre de celui de Souriau pour des particules à spin en relativité générale.D'abord les équations les plus générales pour le mouvement de particules à spin de masse nulle sont obtenues.Ensuite, une solution analytique est trouvée dans le cas de l'univers de de Sitter en tant qu'univers homogène: elle n'apporte aucun effet nouveau.Dans le cadre de la solution de Schwarzschild des équations d'Einstein, de nouveaux phénomènes sont prédits par l'intermédiaire d'une résolution numérique des équations déduites de ce modèle.Parmi ceux-ci, un minuscule effet analogue à la biréfringence est prédit entre les photons polarisés à droite et à gauche, pris comme exemple de particules sans masse.Mais il était loin d'être mesurable dans les situations qui y étaient alors étudiées.Toutefois, un nouvel intérêt pour ce type de modèle est apparu récemment

La inteligencia práctica y las competencias laborales en el contexto de la Escuela Técnica Robinsoniana

This documentary research is based on critical analysis as well as the researchers' experience. It is intended to analyze the last theories on practical intelligence stimulus and its relationship with the working competence of Robinsonian Technical Schools curriculum. Intelligence is defined, according to Stemberg (1999), White, Blythe and Gardner (2001), as the ability to understand the context and use that understanding to set up a strategy that best reaches concrete goals. Once the instruction on dynamic and general working competence has been clearly understood, then processes for the smitulus of practical intelligence are proposed. It is concluded that students who develop this type of intelligence are likely obtain results, since they possess the practical knowledge needed for working competence.La presente investigación documental está fundamentada en el análisis crítico, así como también en la experiencia investigativa de las autoras. Su propósito es analizar las últimas tendencias en estimulación de la inteligencia práctica y su vinculación con el desarrollo de las competencias laborales, propuestas en el diseño curricular de las Escuelas Técnicas Robinsonianas. Se toma como referencia a Stemberg (1999), White, Blythe y Gardner (2001), quienes definen la inteligencia como la capacidad de comprender el entorno y utilizar ese conocimiento para determinar la mejor manera de conseguir objetivos concretos. A partir de la comprensión de los procesos de formación basados en competencias laborales dinámicas y generales, se configuran los procesos que pueden estimular la inteligencia práctica. Se concluye entonces que los estudiantes que desarrollan esta inteligencia se muestran siempre preparados para conseguir resultados a partir de lo que hacen, pues disponen del saber práctico necesario para las competencias laborales

New method for measuring azimuthal distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions

The methods currently used to measure azimuthal distributions of particles in heavy ion collisions assume that all azimuthal correlations between particles result from their correlation with the reaction plane. However, other correlations exist, and it is safe to neglect them only if azimuthal anisotropies are much larger than 1/sqrt(N), with N the total number of particles emitted in the collision. This condition is not satisfied at ultrarelativistic energies. We propose a new method, based on a cumulant expansion of multiparticle azimuthal correlations, which allows to measure much smaller values of azimuthal anisotropies, down to 1/N. It is simple to implement and can be used to measure both integrated and differential flow. Furthermore, this method automatically eliminates the major systematic errors, which are due to azimuthal asymmetries in the detector acceptance.Comment: final version (misprints corrected), to be published in Phys.Rev.

Is the analysis of flow at the CERN SPS reliable?

Several heavy ion experiments at SPS have measured azimuthal distributions of particles with respect to the reaction plane. These distributions are deduced from two-particle azimuthal correlations under the assumption that they result solely from correlations with the reaction plane. In this paper, we investigate other sources of azimuthal correlations: transverse momentum conservation, which produces back-to-back correlations, resonance decays, HBT correlations and final state interactions. These correlations increase with impact parameter: most of them vary with the multiplicity N like 1/N. When they are taken into account, the experimental results of the NA49 collaboration at SPS are significantly modified. These correlations might also explain an important fraction of the pion directed flow observed by WA98. Data should be reanalyzed taking into account carefully these non--flow correlations.Comment: Revised version (minor corrections), 13 pages, LaTeX, 6 Postscript figures included. Submitted to Physical Review

A new measurement of J/psi suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

We present a new measurement of J/psi production in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon, from the data sample collected in year 2000 by the NA50 Collaboration, under improved experimental conditions with respect to previous years. With the target system placed in vacuum, the setup was better adapted to study, in particular, the most peripheral nuclear collisions with unprecedented accuracy. The analysis of this data sample shows that the (J/psi)/Drell-Yan cross-sections ratio measured in the most peripheral Pb-Pb interactions is in good agreement with the nuclear absorption pattern extrapolated from the studies of proton-nucleus collisions. Furthermore, this new measurement confirms our previous observation that the (J/psi)/Drell-Yan cross-sections ratio departs from the normal nuclear absorption pattern for semi-central Pb-Pb collisions and that this ratio persistently decreases up to the most central collisions.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Eur. Phys. J.

J/psi azimuthal anisotropy relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

The J/$\psi$ azimuthal distribution relative to the reaction plane has been measured by the NA50 experiment in Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon. Various physical mechanisms related to charmonium dissociation in the medium created in the heavy ion collision are expected to introduce an anisotropy in the azimuthal distribution of the observed J/$\psi$ mesons at SPS energies. Hence, the measurement of J/$\psi$ elliptic anisotropy, quantified by the Fourier coefficient v$_2$ of the J/$\psi$ azimuthal distribution relative to the reaction plane, is an important tool to constrain theoretical models aimed at explaining the anomalous J/$\psi$ suppression observed in Pb-Pb collisions. We present the measured J/$\psi$ yields in different bins of azimuthal angle relative to the reaction plane, as well as the resulting values of the Fourier coefficient v$_{2}$ as a function of the collision centrality and of the J/$\psi$ transverse momentum. The reaction plane has been estimated from the azimuthal distribution of the neutral transverse energy detected in an electromagnetic calorimeter. The analysis has been performed on a data sample of about 100 000 events, distributed in five centrality or p$_{\rm T}$ sub-samples. The extracted v$_{2}$ values are significantly larger than zero for non-central collisions and are seen to increase with p$_{\rm T}$.Comment: proceedings of HP08 conference corrected a typo in one equatio