MODELO MATEMÁTICO DE IMPEDANCIA ELÉCTRICA DE UN YACIMIENTO DE CRUDO PESADO

RESUMEN El interés principal de este trabajo consiste en la formulación de un modelo matemático de impedancia eléctrica para yacimientos de crudo pesado, validado a partir de mediciones de impedancia en núcleos roca-fluidos previamente caracterizados en cuanto a sus propiedades petrofísicas, mineralogía, y fluidos. El modelo tiene en cuenta los fenómenos que se presentan en una matriz roca – fluidos al pasar corriente eléctrica alterna AC, tales como la dispersión dieléctrica, la polarización inducida y el transporte de cargas. También se consideran las micro-fracturas que se presentan cuando la roca del yacimiento está sometida a altas presiones.La aplicación práctica de este modelo de impedancia radica en la predicción de la distribución de corriente eléctrica en la formación productora de petróleo y capas adyacentes, distancia óptima entre los pozos, y en el cálculo de potencia requerida en un proyecto de recobro mejorado con calentamiento eléctrico resistivo. Palabras claves: Calentamiento eléctrico, impedancia eléctrica, modelo matemático. ABSTRACT The main interest of this work consists on the formulation of a mathematical model of electric impedance for heavy oil reservoir, validated with the help of impedance measurements in rock-fluid plugs previously characterized with regard to its properties, mineralogy, and fluids. The model includes the phenomenons that are presented in a rock - fluid matrix when passing alternating electric current AC, such as the dielectric dispersion, the induced polarization and the transport of loads. It also considers the micro-fractures that are presented when the rock is subjected to high pressures.The practical application of the impedance model resides in the prediction of the electric current distribution in the oil formation and adjacent layers, the optimum distance among the wells, and the calculation of power required in an enhanced recovery project with electric heating. Keywords: Electric heating, electric impedance, mathematical model

Cardiac Progenitor Cell Exosomal miR-935 Protects against Oxidative Stress

This work has been funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation RTI2018-097604-B-I00 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER) and PID2021- 128698OB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); by the Regional Government of Madrid (S2017/ BMD-3692, Avancell), and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD16/0011/0037) to AB and by the Instituto Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), co-funded by European Regional Development Fund-FEDER (PI19/00501 and PI22/00029), and Gobierno de Navarra (s/n) to BP. JV has been funded by MCIN grant PID2021-122348NB-I00 and Regional Government of Madrid grant P2022/BMD-7333.S

CAR density influences antitumoral efficacy of BCMA CAR T cells and correlates with clinical outcome

Identification of new markers associated with long-term efficacy in patients treated with CAR T cells is a current medical need, particularly in diseases such as multiple myeloma. In this study, we address the impact of CAR density on the functionality of BCMA CAR T cells. Functional and transcriptional studies demonstrate that CAR T cells with high expression of the CAR construct show an increased tonic signaling with up-regulation of exhaustion markers and increased in vitro cytotoxicity but a decrease in in vivo BM infiltration. Characterization of gene regulatory networks using scRNA-seq identified regulons associated to activation and exhaustion up-regulated in CARHigh T cells, providing mechanistic insights behind differential functionality of these cells. Last, we demonstrate that patients treated with CAR T cell products enriched in CARHigh T cells show a significantly worse clinical response in several hematological malignancies. In summary, our work demonstrates that CAR density plays an important role in CAR T activity with notable impact on clinical response

Emerging Themes and Future Directions of Multi-Sector Nexus Research and Implementation

Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice

Preneoplastic somatic mutations including MYD88(L265P) in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

Normal cell counterparts of solid and myeloid tumors accumulate mutations years before disease onset; whether this occurs in B lymphocytes before lymphoma remains uncertain. We sequenced multiple stages of the B lineage in elderly individuals and patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, a singular disease for studying lymphomagenesis because of the high prevalence of mutated MYD88. We observed similar accumulation of random mutations in B lineages from both cohorts and unexpectedly found MYD88(L265P) in normal precursor and mature B lymphocytes from patients with lymphoma. We uncovered genetic and transcriptional pathways driving malignant transformation and leveraged these to model lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in mice, based on mutated MYD88 in B cell precursors and BCL2 overexpression. Thus, MYD88(L265P) is a preneoplastic event, which challenges the current understanding of lymphomagenesis and may have implications for early detection of B cell lymphomas

Emerging Themes and Future Directions of Multi-Sector Nexus Research and Implementation

Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Modelo matemático de impedancia eléctrica de un yacimiento de crudo pesado.

The main interest of this work consists on the formulation of a mathematical model of electric impedance for heavy oil reservoir, validated with the help of impedance measurements in rock-fluid plugs previously characterized with regard to its properties, mineralogy, and fluids. The model includes the phenomenons that are presented in a rock - fluid matrix when passing alternating electric current AC, such as the dielectric dispersion, the induced polarization and the transport of loads. It also considers the micro-fractures that are presented when the rock is subjected to high pressures.The practical application of the impedance model resides in the prediction of the electric current distribution in the oil formation and adjacent layers, the optimum distance among the wells, and the calculation of power required in an enhanced recovery project with electric heating.El interés principal de este trabajo consiste en la formulación de un modelo matemático de impedancia eléctrica para yacimientos de crudo pesado, validado a partir de mediciones de impedancia en núcleos roca-fluidos previamente caracterizados en cuanto a sus propiedades petrofísicas, mineralogía, y fluidos. El modelo tiene en cuenta los fenómenos que se presentan en una matriz roca – fluidos al pasar corriente eléctrica alterna AC, tales como la dispersión dieléctrica, la polarización inducida y el transporte de cargas. También se consideran las micro-fracturas que se presentan cuando la roca del yacimiento está sometida a altas presiones.La aplicación práctica de este modelo de impedancia radica en la predicción de la distribución de corriente eléctrica en la formación productora de petróleo y capas adyacentes, distancia óptima entre los pozos, y en el cálculo de potencia requerida en un proyecto de recobro mejorado con calentamiento eléctrico resistivo

Lysyl oxidase overexpression accelerates cardiac remodeling and aggravates angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) controls matrix remodeling, a key process that underlies cardiovascular diseases and heart failure; however, a lack of suitable animal models has limited our knowledge with regard to the contribution of LOX to cardiac dysfunction. Here, we assessed the impact of LOX overexpression on ventricular function and cardiac hypertrophy in a transgenic LOX (TgLOX) mouse model with a strong cardiac expression of human LOX. TgLOX mice exhibited high expression of the transgene in cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts, which are associated with enhanced LOX activity and H2O2 production and with cardiofibroblast reprogramming. LOX overexpression promoted an ageassociated concentric remodeling of the left ventricle and impaired diastolic function. Furthermore, LOX transgenesis aggravated angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, which triggered a greater fibrotic response that was characterized by stronger collagen deposition and cross-linking and high expression of fibrotic markers. In addition, LOX transgenesis increased the Ang II–induced myocardial inflammatory infiltrate, exacerbated expression of proinflammatory markers, and decreased that of cardioprotective factors. Mechanistically, LOX overexpression enhanced oxidative stress and potentiated the Ang II–mediated cardiac activation of p38 MAPK while reducing AMPK activation. Our findings suggest that LOX induces an age-dependent disturbance of diastolic function and aggravates Ang II–induced hypertrophy, which provides novel insights into the role of LOX in cardiac performanceThis work was cofunded by the Spanish Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad (MINECO)–Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Grants PI15/01016, SAF2015-64767-R, RD12/0042/0021 and RD12/0042/0053), Fundacio La ´ Marato de TV3 (20152330 and 20153610), and the Fondo ´ Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, a way to build Europe. Centros de Investigacion Biom ´ edica en Red de Enfermedades ´ Cardiovasculares is an initiative of ISCIII. M.G. was supported by the Miguel Servet Program (ISCIII; CP15/00126).Peer reviewe

Cardiac Progenitor Cell Exosomal miR-935 Protects against Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis and necrosis are critically involved in ischemic infarction, and several sources of extracellular vesicles appear to be enriched in therapeutic activities. The central objective was to identify and validate the differential exosome miRNA repertoire in human cardiac progenitor cells (CPC). CPC exosomes were first analyzed by LC-MS/MS and compared by RNAseq with exomes of human mesenchymal stromal cells and human fibroblasts to define their differential exosome miRNA repertoire (exo-miRSEL). Proteomics demonstrated a highly significant representation of cardiovascular development functions and angiogenesis in CPC exosomes, and RNAseq analysis yielded about 350 different miRNAs; among the exo-miRSEL population, miR-935 was confirmed as the miRNA most significantly up-regulated; interestingly, miR-935 was also found to be preferentially expressed in mouse primary cardiac Bmi1+high CPC, a population highly enriched in progenitors. Furthermore, it was found that transfection of an miR-935 antagomiR combined with oxidative stress treatment provoked a significant increment both in apoptotic and necrotic populations, whereas transfection of a miR-935 mimic did not modify the response. Conclusion. miR-935 is a highly differentially expressed miRNA in exo-miRSEL, and its expression reduction promotes oxidative stress-associated apoptosis. MiR-935, together with other exosomal miRNA members, could counteract oxidative stress-related apoptosis, at least in CPC surroundings