Aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías en cuidados de enfermería

Trabajo fin de grado en EnfermeríaFundamentos: El incremento de la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías se ha hecho evidente en los últimos años, con un especial impacto en el ámbito sanitario. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido conocer las herramientas de nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a los cuidados de Enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario y de Atención Primaria y sus resultados en salud. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica mediante búsqueda de artículos originales en bases de datos de ciencias de la salud, como Pubmed, Cuiden, Scielo, CINHAL y Cuidatge. Para la recuperación de los artículos se han utilizado lenguajes de los tesauros Medical Subject Headlines (MESH) y Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS). Resultados: Se encontraron 189 artículos de los cuales sólo 15 se ajustaban al objetivo del trabajo. En su mayoría, los estudios seleccionados fueron ensayos controlados aleatorizados que utilizaron como intervención la introducción de nuevas tecnologías. Se generaron dos categorías de análisis: TICs y calidad de vida de los pacientes y TICs y práctica clínica de los profesionales. Conclusiones: En la actualidad la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías en el ámbito sanitario es considerada un gran avance para los cuidados en salud, tanto para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes como para la práctica clínica y el aprendizaje de los profesionales sanitarios. Las TICs podrían suponer un cambio en la aplicabilidad de los cuidados enfermeros si se sigue investigando e impulsando la utilización de las redes y medios telemáticos de comunicación. Para ello, es necesario concienciar a los profesionales sobre la importancia de la investigación en este campo ya que la bibliografía es escasa a pesar de que su utilización cada vez es más frecuenteBackground: The growth of new technologies in the last years has become evident, with a particular impact on the health sector. This investigation aims to know the new technology tools applied to nursing care in hospitals and primary care and their results in population’s health. Methods: Scoping review of scientific papers about new technologies application in nursing practice was made in Pubmed, Cuiden, Scielo, CINAHL and Cuidatge databases. The articles were searched using Medical Subject Headlines (MESH) and Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS). Results: 189 articles were found but only 15 were adjusted to the purpose of the research. Mostly, selected studies were randomized controlled trials that used as an intervention the introduction of new technologies. The results were categorized in two ways: TICs and patient’s quality of life and TICs and clinical practice. Conclusion: The use of new technologies in healthcare is a breakthrough to improve patient’s quality of life, clinical practice and professional’s continuing education. The use of TICs could completely change nursing care as we know it if we continue to investigate and using telehealth. To make it possible, it’s necessary to boost investigation in this area because bibliography is scarce despite the growth of TIC’s use

Inactivation efficacy and reactivation of fecal bacteria with a flow-through LED ultraviolet reactor: Intraspecific response prevails over interspecific differences

Treatment with ultraviolet (UV) light is a common option for inactivating waterborne organisms. The mercury vapor lamps conventionally used as a source of UV-C light for water disinfection are eventually replaced by light emitter diodes (LEDs) in the middle term due to their higher efficiency and lack of hazardous materials. Nonetheless, biological mechanisms for repairing UV damage caused by the UV treatment are some of its significant undesirable features. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the UV-resistance and the reactivation degree in different strains of E. coli and E. faecalis treated with a flow-through reactor equipped with LEDs with an emission range between 265 and 285 nm. The treated organisms were subjected to various illumination regimes after the UV irradiation. The results obtained indicated that intraspecific differences between the strains of E. coli were greater than the interspecific differences with respect to E. faecalis in terms of UV-resistance and repairing potential. The UV doses necessary to achieve four log-reductions ranged from 10.2 to 16.3 mJ cm−2 for E. coli and from 11.1 to 11.4 for mJ cm−2 for E. faecalis. Dark repair was not observed within 24 h after the UV irradiation whereas the degree of photorepair depended on both the bacteria strain and the applied UV dose. The exposure of the irradiated organisms to an illuminated environment entailed and increasing between the 18 % and the 160 % of the UV dose required to achieve four log-reductions. © 2023 The Author(s

Simple isophthalamides/dipicolineamides as active transmembrane anion transporters

Eight N,N´-diarylisophthalamide/dipicolineamide derivatives have been synthesised and fully characterised, both in solution and in the solid state. The transmembrane anion transport properties of these compounds have been studied by chloride-selective electrode and fluorescence experiments. The substitution pattern of the aromatic moieties determines the transport properties of these systems, with those containing electron-withdrawing groups in their structures being the most active ones of the series.Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León (project BU075G19

Reflective peer coaching in the Practicum of teacher training

La investigación que se recoge en este artículo versa sobre la utilidad del coaching reflexivo entre iguales como uno de los instrumentos de aprendizaje profesional en el Prácticum de la carrera de Magisterio. Se trata de un proyecto de investigación-acción. Las hipótesis parten del supuesto de que el coaching entre iguales podría: a) ser una fuente de apoyo emocional; b) proporcionar ayuda en los procesos de reflexión y construcción de «teoría práctica» en un marco de confianza no amenazante; y c) brindar la oportunidad de aprender a cooperar con los colegas. El coaching entre iguales se aplicó a 33 estudiantes del Prácticum de la carrera de Magisterio en dos modalidades, que llevaban a cabo un día cada semana: a) observación mutua entre pares de la enseñanza impartida; y b) reunión grupal de amigos críticos para analizar problemas, situaciones pedagógicas, etc. Para conocer el punto de vista de los estudiantes objeto de esta investigación, la recogida de datos se hizo a partir de los informes que estos enviaban a sus tutores. Los informes se sometieron a la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes valoran altamente ambas modalidades de coaching en el sentido que apuntan nuestras hipótesis. Nos unimos a los autores que recomiendan incluir de forma sistemática en el Prácticum de la carrera de Magisterio el coaching reflexivo entre iguales. Pero nosotros lo proponemos como estrategia complementaria; es decir, sin que sustituya ni a la reflexión individual sobre la propia enseñanza ni a la mentoría de los tutores de la universidad y del aula. Los resultados, al mismo tiempo que animan a profundizar la investigación en este campo, sugieren también la necesidad de investigar el potencial de la colaboración entre iguales en el Prácticum de otras profesiones del campo de la educación y de otros ámbitosThis research is about the utility of reflective peer coaching as an instrument of professional learning in the Practicum of teacher training and was carried out in the form of a researchaction project. The hypotheses are based on the proposition that peer coaching: a) can be a source of emotional support; b) can provide help in the reflection and construction of «practical theory» processes within a framework of non-threatening trust, and c) can offer the opportunity of learning to cooperate with colleagues. Peer coaching was applied to 33 students of the teacher training Practicum in two modalities, which were carried out one day per week: a) mutual peer observation of the teaching being given, and b) meeting of critical friends to analyze problems, pedagogic situations, etc. In order to find out the students’ point of view (the object of this research), data collection was based on the reports sent by the students to their tutors. The reports were subjected to the content analysis technique. The results indicate that students value highly both modalities of coaching in the direction pointed at by our hypotheses. We join the authors who recommend the systematic inclusion of reflexive peer coaching in the teacher training Practicum. We propose it as a supplementary strategy, without it either substituting individual reflection on the teaching or the work of the tutor in the university and in the classroom. The results, whilst encouraging more research in this field, suggest the need for research into the potential of peer collaboration in the Practicum of other professions in the field of education and in other area

Proctitis in patients with monkeypox infection: a single‑center analysis of 42 consecutive cases from a multidisciplinary observational study on monkeypox proctitis

Background: The current monkeypox (MP) virus outbreak was declared an international emergency in July 2022. The aim of this report is to describe our initial experience with patients with MP, focusing on proctitis. Methods: We conducted an observational study between 20 May and 31 July 2022, on patients with MP at a reference tertiary center in Madrid, Spain. A descriptive analysis on MP was performed, focusing on its characteristics, symptoms, diagnosis, and outcomes. Results: A total of 143 positive MP cases were diagnosed in our center; 42 of them [all male, median age 39 years (range: 22–57 years)] had proctitis (29.37%), and 3 patients (2.09%/MP total cases and 7.14%/MP proctitis) required surgical drainage of a perianal abscess. Conclusions: General and digestive surgeons must be aware of the presence of proctological impairment and complications due to MP viru

Aberrant Epstein-Barr virus antibody patterns and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a Spanish multicentric case-control study

BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancies harbour distinct serological responses to EBV antigens. We hypothesized that EBV serological patterns can be useful to identify different stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. METHODS: Information on 150 cases with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 157 frequency-matched (by age, sex and region) population-based controls from a Spanish multicentre case-control study was obtained. EBV immunoglobulin G serostatus was evaluated through a peptide-based ELISA and further by immunoblot analysis to EBV early antigens (EA), nuclear antigen (EBNA1), VCA-p18, VCA-p40 and Zebra. Two independent individuals categorized the serological patterns of the western blot analysis. Patients with very high response and diversity in EBV-specific polypeptides, in particular with clear responses to EA-associated proteins, were categorized as having an abnormal reactive pattern (ab_EBV). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Almost all subjects were EBV-IgG positive (>95% of cases and controls) whereas ab_EBV patterns were detected in 23% of cases (N = 34) and 11% of controls (N = 17; OR: 2.44, 95% CI, 1.29 to 4.62; P = 0.006), particularly in intermediate/high risk patients. Although based on small numbers, the association was modified by smoking with a gradual reduction of ab_EBV-related OR for all Rai stages from never smokers to current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Highly distinct EBV antibody diversity patterns revealed by immunoblot analysis were detected in cases compared to controls, detectable at very early stages of the disease and particularly among non smokers. This study provides further evidence of an abnormal immunological response against EBV in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Aberrant Epstein-Barr virus antibody patterns and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a Spanish multicentric case-control study

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancies harbour distinct serological responses to EBV antigens. We hypothesized that EBV serological patterns can be useful to identify different stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: Information on 150 cases with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 157 frequency-matched (by age, sex and region) population-based controls from a Spanish multicentre case-control study was obtained. EBV immunoglobulin G serostatus was evaluated through a peptide-based ELISA and further by immunoblot analysis to EBV early antigens (EA), nuclear antigen (EBNA1), VCA-p18, VCA-p40 and Zebra. Two independent individuals categorized the serological patterns of the western blot analysis. Patients with very high response and diversity in EBV-specific polypeptides, in particular with clear responses to EA-associated proteins, were categorized as having an abnormal reactive pattern (ab_EBV). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Almost all subjects were EBV-IgG positive (>95% of cases and controls) whereas ab_EBV patterns were detected in 23% of cases (N = 34) and 11% of controls (N = 17; OR: 2.44, 95% CI, 1.29 to 4.62; P = 0.006), particularly in intermediate/high risk patients. Although based on small numbers, the association was modified by smoking with a gradual reduction of ab_EBV-related OR for all Rai stages from never smokers to current smokers. Conclusions: Highly distinct EBV antibody diversity patterns revealed by immunoblot analysis were detected in cases compared to controls, detectable at very early stages of the disease and particularly among non smokers. This study provides further evidence of an abnormal immunological response against EBV in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Análisis de las diferencias en la elección de valor económico de árboles urbanos de Madrid cuando se muestran al natural y en fotografía

La ciudad de Madrid ofrece un patrimonio verde de gran extensión y diversidad (más de 6.400 hectáreas) dotada de numerosos ejemplares arbóreos que constituyen una auténtica cobertura vegetal.   Conocer el valor económico de un bien siempre ha sido un paso importante para poder mejorar su gestión. Desde 1991 la Comunidad de Madrid legisló la aplicación de la antigua Norma Granada como método de valoración del arbolado ornamental en todo su territorio. Sin embargo, los árboles de la ciudad de Madrid son bienes que, actualmente, no cuentan con ninguna tasación municipal que permita a los usuarios conocer el valor económico de los ejemplares. Sólo en el caso de alguna infracción que requiera la tasación del bien, o de solicitud de permisos de intervención se tasa el ejemplar con dicha Norma.   En los estudios de valoración de bienes socio-ambientales con participación pública, como arbolado o paisajes, se utiliza en numerosas ocasiones la fotografía del bien que se va a valorar. En el caso del arbolado, donde su valor está muy relacionado con el tamaño del árbol y con muchas características que se aprecian a la vista del ejemplar, es importante verificar la validez de las fotografías como medio para obtener las valoraciones del público. En este trabajo se va a realizar una comparación entre las tasaciones elegidas por los mismos ciudadanos al ver el árbol al natural y al verlo en fotografía.   Para la comparación de valores se han seleccionado las 10 especies más comunes en las zonas verdes públicas de Madrid. La selección de individuos para la muestra se ha realizado de forma totalmente arbitraria, en base al Inventario de arbolado urbano del año 2016. De cada una de las especies se eligieron 10 individuos.   Los métodos de tasación que se han utilizado son: el método americano, Council of Tree Landscape Appraisers (CTLA), la Norma Granada y el método Burnley.   Después de obtener los valores monetarios de cada individuo, se realizaron 10 encuestas por pie, en total 100 encuestas por cada especie de árbol, que hacen un total de 1000 encuestas realizadas. Las encuestas fueron realizadas de manera aleatoria e individual. Cada persona encuestada eligió uno de los tres valores que se le mostraron, tanto al ver el ejemplar mediante la fotografía como por visionado ‘in situ’.   El 83,9% de las 1000 encuestas dieron como resultado la misma elección de valor viendo el ejemplar “in situ” y viéndolo en fotografía.    La comparación de resultados se realiza mediante el test de la t para muestras pareadas y un ANOVA con factores especie y método de tasación, con niveles de confianza del 95%. Los resultados no muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los métodos de valoración, así como tampoco hay influencias significativas entre las características de la población. Donde sí se observa una cierta influencia es en el caso de la especie.

Adherence to the Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean dietary patterns and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the MCC-Spain study.

Diet is a modifiable risk factor for several neoplasms but evidence for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is sparse. Previous studies examining the association between single-food items and CLL risk have yielded mixed results, while few studies have been conducted on overall diet, reporting inconclusive findings. This study aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to three dietary patterns and CLL in the multicase-control study (MCC-Spain) study. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, medical and dietary information was collected for 369 CLL cases and 1605 controls. Three validated dietary patterns, Western, Prudent and Mediterranean, were reconstructed in the MCC-Spain data. The association between adherence to each dietary pattern and CLL was assessed, overall and by Rai stage, using mixed logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. High adherence to a Western dietary pattern (i.e. high intake of high-fat dairy products, processed meat, refined grains, sweets, caloric drinks, and convenience food) was associated with CLL [ORQ4 vs. Q1=1.63 (95%CI 1.11; 2.39); P-trend=0.02; OR 1-SD increase=1.19 (95%CI: 1.03; 1.37)], independently of Rai stages. No differences in the association were observed according to sex, Body Mass Index, energy intake, tobacco, physical activity, working on a farm, or family history of hematologic malignancies. No associations were observed for Mediterranean and Prudent dietary patterns and CLL. This study provides the first evidence for an association between a Western dietary pattern and CLL, suggesting that a proportion of CLL cases could be prevented by modifying dietary habits. Further research, especially with a prospective design, is warranted to confirm these findings