Machismo viral. Investigación sobre la transmisión de mensajes sexistas en WhatsApp

El presente estudio parte de una reflexión sobre la supuesta igualdad entre hombres y mujeres en la que se asientan nuestras sociedades, para desvelar después pautas de reproducción machista en la que cierta cultura digital nos invita a participar. A partir del concepto de “máscara de la igualdad” el trabajo presenta los resultados de la aplicación de un cuestionario a 100 personas entre 20 y 45 años, hombres y mujeres, sobre contenidos calificables como machistas, sexistas y pornográficos a través de la red social de WhatsApp. La investigación ha recogido los mensajes virales recibidos y/o enviados por la muestra de estudio en cuatro días de una semana de mayo. Los resultados revelan que los hombres juegan un papel activo y dinamizador en la viralización cotidiana de contenidos machistas (chistes, fotos, memes, noticias, etc) mientras que las mujeres, si bien pueden recibir estos contenidos, suelen frenar su viralización.Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Papel de la interleuquina 23 en la diferenciación hacia Th17

The incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has increased among developed countries in the past 30 years, creating a demand for the development of effective and economic therapies for these diseases. Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose increased production has been shown to play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in different murine models such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. More importantly, increased levels of IL-23 have been found in biopsies from patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, and psoriasis. The pathological consequences of excessive IL-23 signalling have been linked to its ability to promote the production of interleukin 17 (IL-17), particularly in the subpopulation of CD4 T cells Th17. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which IL-23 sustains the Th17 response and induces pathogenic effector functions in these cells remain largely unknown. The global objective of the experiments carried out in this work was to determine the effect of IL-23 on the proliferation, survival and IL-17 and interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ) production in Th17 cells. These experiments have shown that IL-23 does not promote proliferation or survival of in vitro generated Th17 cells, and that there is no difference in the production of IL -17 in the absence or presence of IL -23. The IL-23 receptor, like other cytokine receptors, lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity. Instead, IL-23 receptor associates with members of the Janus tyrosine kinase family (Jaks). Cytokine binding to a Jak-associated receptor triggers the activation of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. Previous work indicated that the IL-23 receptor complex is associated with the tyrosine kinases Jak2 and Tyk2 that promote STAT3 phosphorylation. Subsequent studies showed that IL23 activation of STAT3 induces the expression of the transcription factor RORγt, which is crucial for IL-17 production. This work has explored the IL-23 signalling cascade, determining the optimal conditions for STAT3 activation and demonstrating the activation of other transcription factors such as STAT4, STAT5 and STAT1 that contribute to IL-23-mediated signalling pathways

El desempleo y su protección. Especial referencia a la provincia de Segovia.

En la actualidad España se encuentra en una época de crisis económica. Esta situación provoca la destrucción del empleo y con ello se aumentan las cifras del paro. Para enfrentar los estados de necesidad por la falta de ingresos, a consecuencia de la pérdida del empleo o de una reducción de la jornada laboral, la Seguridad Social pone en funcionamiento la acción protectora del desempleado, la cual está integrada por las prestaciones y subsidios por desempleo. También el desempleo se protege a través de sistemas como la Renta Activa de Inserción, el Programa de Recualificación Profesional o el Programa de Activación para el Empleo.Grado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humano

Identification of variability in sub-arctic sea ice conditions during the Younger Dryas and Holocene

The presence of the sea ice diatom biomarker IP25 in Arctic marine sediments has been used in previous studies as a proxy for past spring sea ice occurrence and as an indicator of wider palaeoenvironmental conditions for different regions of the Arctic over various timescales. The current study describes a number of analytical and palaeoceanographic developments of the IP25 sea ice biomarker. First, IP25 was extracted and purified from Arctic marine sediments. This enabled the structure of IP25 to be confirmed and enabled instrumental (GC-MS) calibrations to be carried out so that quantitative measurements could be performed with greater accuracy. Second, palaeo sea ice reconstructions based on IP25 and other biomarkers were carried out for a suite of sub-Arctic areas within the Greenland, Norwegian and Barents Seas, each of which represent contrasting oceanographic and environmental settings. Further, an evaluation of some combined biomarker approaches (e.g. the PIP25 and DIP25 indices) for quantifying and/or refining definitions of sea ice conditions was carried out. Temporally, particular emphasis was placed on the characterisation of sea ice conditions during the Younger Dryas and the Holocene. Some comparisons with other proxies (e.g. foraminifera, IRD) were also made. A study of a sediment core from Andfjorden (69.16˚N, 16.25˚E), northern Norway, provided unequivocal evidence for the occurrence of seasonal sea ice conditions during the Younger Dryas. The onset (ca. 12.9 cal. kyr BP) and end (ca. 11.5 cal. kyr BP) of this stadial were especially clear in this location, while in a study from the Kveithola Trough (74.52˚N, 16.29˚E), western Barents Sea, these transitions were less apparent. This was attributed to the presence of colder surface waters and the occurrence of seasonal sea ice both before and after this stadial at higher latitudes. Some regional differences regarding the severity of the sea ice conditions were also observed, although an overall general picture was proposed, with more severe sea ice conditions during the early-mid Younger Dryas and less sea ice observed during the late Younger Dryas. A shift in the climate towards ice-free conditions was recorded in northern Norway during the early Holocene (ca. 11.5 – 7.2 cal. kyr BP). Milder conditions were also observed during the Holocene in the western Barents Sea, with three main climate periods observed. During the early Holocene (ca. 11.7 – 9.5 cal. kyr BP), the position of the spring ice edge was close to the study area which resulted in high productivity during summers. During the mid-late Holocene (ca. 9.5 – 1.6 cal. kyr BP), sea ice was mainly absent due to an increased influence of Atlantic waters and northward movement of the Polar Front. During the last ca. 1.6 cal. kyr BP, sea ice conditions were similar to those of the present day. In addition to the outcomes obtained from the Norwegian-Barents Sea region, comparison of biomarker and other proxy data from 3 short cores from Kangerdlugssuaq Trough (Denmark Strait/SE Greenland) with historical climate observations allowed the development of a model of sea ice conditions which was then tested for longer time-scales. It is suggested that the IP25 in sediments from this region is likely derived from drift ice carried from the Arctic Ocean via the East Greenland Current and that two main sea surface scenarios have existed over the last ca. 150 yr. From ca. AD 1850 – 1910, near perennial sea ice conditions resulted in very low primary productivity, while from ca. AD 1910 – 1986, local sea ice conditions were less severe with increased drift ice and enhanced primary productivity. This two-component model was subsequently developed to accommodate different sea surface conditions that existed during the retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the deglaciation (ca. 16.3 – 10.9 cal. kyr BP).This work is a contribution to the CASE Initial Training Network funded by the European Community’s 7th Framework Programme FP7 2007/2013, Marie-Curie Actions, under Grant Agreement No. 23811

Paradigmas de interacción hombre-máquina : un análisis enfocado al ámbito de la educación especial

Este trabajo se enmarca en el área de interacción hombre-máquina y los diferentes paradigmas que existe actualmente. Serevisan antecedentes y posibilidades vinculadas a la educación especial. Comocaso de estudio, se presenta una propuesta de adaptación al software educativo JClic, mediante la utilización de comandos por voz, con el objetivo de ser utilizado por usuarios/alumnos con deficiencia motriz sin consecuencias o con consecuencias leves en el desarrollo del lenguaje. Como parte de esta propuesta de adaptación, se estudiaron diferentes motores de reconocimiento de voz (RV), y se profundizó el análisis del motor de RV Sphinx-4. Se presenta aquí parte de este trabajo realizado y los resultados y conclusiones obtenidas, luego de la evaluación del prototipo.This work is part of the area of human-machine interaction and the different paradigms available today. Records are reviewed and possibilities related to special education. As a case study, we present a proposal to adjust the JClic educational software, using voice commands, in order to be used by users/pupils with motor impairment without consequences or mild implications in the development of language. As part of the proposed adaptation, we studied different speech recogni tion engines (RV), and deepened the analysis of the RV engine Sphinx-4. Presented here is part of this work, results and conclusions reached after evaluation of the prototypeFil: Moralejo, Lucrecia. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Sanz, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Pesado, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Critical analysis of method used to establish environmental flows in the Segura river basin

Minimum environmental flows can be calculated by different methodologies. The main methods habitually used in Spain can be grouped under the headings of Hydrological or Habitat Simulation methodologies. As part of the planning process established by the WFD, the Subdirectorate General for Water Planning and Sustainable Use of the Spanish Environment Ministry has developed a standard that sets out the specific way in which these methodologies must be used to determine minimum environmental flows. In the present work, minimum environmental flow values have been determined using different criteria on nine reaches in the Segura river basin (Spain), on the main course and in several tributaries. Calculations have been made by the most habitual methods and considering the official flow estimation criteria defined in the Segura Basin Management Plan and Spanish Environment Ministry recommendations, including those set out in the new Hydrologic Planning Regulation (RPH). The results obtained have then been analysed and compared. The values obtained using the official methodologies and instructions have been evaluated taking into account the criterion of the water lamina created on each reach and considering whether this is adequate for fish movement.Departamento de Ecología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ecohidraulica S.L., Madrid. España

Politainment in the transmedia construction of the image of politicians

This article explores the application of the concept of transmedia narrative to the construction of the public image of political figures, in a media context characterised by the prevalence of infotainment and the dissolution of the boundaries of political content. To attain this objective, a case-study on a specific leader is carried out; he is a regional leader recognised at a national level thanks to his discursive strategy: president of Cantabria, Miguel Ángel Revilla, chosen for his role as a regular guest on T.V shows of all kinds, as well as for having become the third most followed Spanish politician on social networks. Through content analysis, we examine the character’s own performance on different media (television, social networks and an autobiographical book) along with the reactions provoked among the cybernauts. The results show a multiplatform narrative adapted to the specific formal language of each of those media and formats, constantly maintaining the application of politainment features (personalisation, entertainment, emotiveness and trivialisation of the issues). Regarding the effects, there is a high level of involvement and a love-hate dichotomy among the public, as proved in social networks. Consequently, in the transmedia political narrative (TPN) the users co-create the resulting image of the politician who is finally perceived by the audience. In addition, the success of Revilla’s communication strategy is verified via ensuring that the self-assigned values in his speech, such as leadership and closeness to the people, match those that the audience identify with his figure.El presente artículo explora la aplicación del concepto de narrativa transmedia a la construcción de la imagen pública de las figuras políticas en un contexto mediático dominado por el infoentretenimiento y la disolución de los límites del contenido político. Con este objetivo, se realiza un estudio de caso sobre un líder regional reconocido a nivel nacional gracias a su estrategia discursiva: el presidente de Cantabria, Miguel Ángel Revilla, elegido por su rol de invitado asiduo de programas televisivos de diversa índole y por haber conseguido ser el tercer político español con más seguidores en redes sociales. A través del análisis de contenido, se examina la producción propia del personaje en distintos medios (televisión, redes sociales y libro autobiográfico) y las reacciones que provoca en los cibernautas. Los resultados muestran un relato multiplataforma que se adapta al lenguaje formal de cada espacio manteniendo de forma constante la aplicación de los rasgos del politainment (personalización, entretenimiento, emotividad y frivolización de los temas). Por lo que refiere a los efectos, se observa una alta implicación de los públicos y una dicotomía de amor-odio que se evidencia en redes sociales. En consecuencia, en la narrativa política transmedia (NPT) los usuarios participan en la co-creación de la imagen final del político que percibe la audiencia. Además, se constata el éxito de la estrategia comunicativa de Revilla al conseguir que los valores que se asigna en su discurso, como liderazgo y cercanía con el pueblo, sean los que los receptores identifican con su figura

Diseño de un juego basado en Interacción Tangible para la enseñanza de Programación

En este artículo se presenta un juego educativo basado en interacción tangible, diseñado para ayudar a los alumnos en la comprensión de temas claves de los cursos introductorios de Programación, de las carreras en Informática. El juego (EPIT: Enseñanza de la Programación usando Interacción Tangible) propone la reflexión y el análisis sobre posibles soluciones para la resolución de un problema que involucra el uso de diferentes estructuras de datos, abordadas en los programas de estas asignaturas. Se trata de un juego colaborativo, en los que se trabaja en grupos de 4 alumnos, a los que se les propone atravesar por tres etapas que hacen a la dinámica de la actividad, y en cada una se procura que los alumnos pongan en juego habilidades cognitivas tales como el análisis, comparación, y comprensión, y en particular, en la segunda y tercera etapa, habilidades más orientadas a la colaboración y reflexión conjunta. Se presentan aquí los antecedentes que permitieron la realización de este juego, su diseño y el plan para poder aplicarlo en los próximos meses. Se detallan los resultados esperados y las conclusiones del trabajo.III Workshop de Innovación en Educación en Informática (WIEI

Bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on dietary fiber in the MEDLINE bibliographic database

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar, mediante análisis bibliométrico, la producción científica existente sobre la fibra dietética recopilada en la de datos MEDLINE, vía PubMed. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se calculó el tamaño muestral mediante la estimación de parámetros poblacionales en una población infinita (n=386). El método de muestreo fue el aleatorio simple sin reemplazo. Resultados: La tipología documental más frecuente fue el artículo original con 177 documentos (45,9%; IC95%:40,9-50,1), siendo el Índice de Productividad de 2,25. La edad de los documentos analizados fue de 17,7 años (IC95%:16,4-18,9), con mediana de 15,5 años. Lo documentos revisados estaban predominantemente escritos en inglés, en 352 ocasiones (91,2%; IC95%:88,4-94,0), seguidos del alemán en 11 artículos (2,9%; IC95%:1,2-4,5), del ruso en 7 ocasiones (1,8%; IC95%:0,5-3,1) y español con 6 artículos (1,6%; IC95%:0,3-2,8). Las revistas que presentaron 15 o más trabajos, en los resultados de búsqueda efectuada son 4: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition con 31 referencias (8,0%; IC95%:5,3-10,7), Journal of Animal Science con 20 referencias (5,2%; IC95%:3,0-7,4), British Journal of Nutrition con 16 referencias (4,2%; IC95%:2,2-6,1) y European Journal of Clinical Nutrition con 15 referencias (3,9%; IC95%:2,0-5,8). Conclusiones: Este estudio indica que la fibra dietética es una temática altamente investigada, donde el inglés sigue siendo el idioma mayoritario. Los descriptores se encuentran en línea con la temática a estudio.Introduction: To evaluate the scientific literature on dietary fiber collected in PubMed database by bibliometric analysis. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive study. It was calculated the sample size by estimating population parameters in an infinite population (n=386). The sampling method was simple random without replacement. Results: The most common type of document was original articles with 177 documents (45.9%; 95%CI:40.9 to 50.1), being the Productivity Index of 2.25. The age of the documents analyzed was 17.7 (95%CI:16.4 to 18.9), with a median of 15.5 years. Revised documents were predominantly written in English, 352 cases (91.2%; 95%CI:88.4 to 94.0), followed by German in 11 articles (2.9%; 95%CI:1.2 to 4.5), Russian 7 times (1.8%; 95%CI:0.5 to 3.1) and Spanish with 6 items (1.6%; 95%CI:0.3 to 2.8). The magazines that had 15 or more jobs in search results made, are 4: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition with 31 references (8.0%; 95%CI:5.3 to 10.7), Journal of Animal Science with 20 references (5.2%; 95%CI:3.0 to 7.4), British Journal of Nutrition with 16 references (4.2%; 95%CI:2.2 to 6.1) and European Journal of Clinical Nutrition with 15 references (3.9%; 95%CI:2.0 to 5.8). Conclusions: This study indicates that dietary fiber is a topic highly researched subject where English is still the majority language. The descriptors are in line with the subject studied