Solid Oxide Fuel Cells based on Lanthanum Tungstates Electrolytes

Lanthanum tungstate with composition La27W4NbO55- (LWNO) has been tested as proton conductor electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). For this purpose, different electrodes and composite electrodes are considered, including: La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-, La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xFexO3-, La0.5Sr0.5Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-, SrFe0.75Nb0.25O3- and NiO. Chemical compatibility between the cell components is investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, area specific resistance (ASR) of the different electrodes is determined in symmetrical cells by impedance spectroscopy. XRPD and EDS analysis do not reveal significant bulk reactivity between most of these electrodes and LWNO electrolyte in the typical operating temperature range of a SOFC (600-900 ºC). However, minor interdiffusion of elements at the electrolyte/electrode interface affects both the ohmic losses and electrode polarization of the cells. ASR values are significantly improved by using a buffer layer of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9, between the electrolyte and electrode materials, to prevent reactivity. A single cell with 350 µm thick electrolyte, NiO-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 anode and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3- cathode, generates maximum power densities of 140 and 18 mWcm-2 at 900 and 650 ºC, respectively.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Compatibility and performance of SOFCs based on lanthanum tungstates

Rare-earth tungstates with general composition “Ln6WO12” have attracted great attention in last few years due to their relatively high mixed proton-electron conductivity [1, 2]. One of the main ad-vantages of these electrolytes, compared to the traditional perovskites based on BaCeO3, is that they exhibit high tolerance towards CO2 and H2S environments. Therefore, this material is a potential electrolyte for proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (PC-SOFC). In this work, the lanthanum tungstate with com-position La27W4NbO55-δ (LWNO) has been tested as proton conductor electrolyte [3]. For this purpose, different electrodes and composite electrodes have been considered, including: La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ, La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xFexO3-δ, La0.5Sr0.5Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ, SrFe0.75Nb0.25O3-δ and NiO. Chemical compatibility between the cell compo-nents is investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, area specific resistance (ASR) of the different electrodes is determined in symmetrical cells by impedance spectroscopy. XRPD and EDS analysis do not reveal significant bulk reactivity between most of these electrodes and LWNO electrolyte in the typical operating temperature range of a SOFC (600-900 ºC). However, minor interdiffusion of elements at the electrolyte/electrode interface affects both the ohmic losses and electrode polarization of the symmetric cells. ASR values are significantly improved by using a buffer layer of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9, between the electrolyte and electrode materials, to prevent reactivity. A single cell with 350 µm thick electrolyte, NiO-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 anode and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ cathode, generates maximum power densities of 140 and 18 mWcm-2 at 900 and 650 ºC, respectively. Hence, lanthanum tungstates could be competitive proton conductors for PC-SOFCs with similar performance to those based on BaZrO3 if thin film electrolytes are used.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Influence of Titanium Oxide Pillar Array Nanometric Structures and Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Properties of the Surface of Dental Implants: A Pilot Study

Aim: Titanium implants are commonly used as replacement therapy for lost teeth and much current research is focusing on the improvement of the chemical and physical properties of their surfaces in order to improve the osseointegration process. TiO2, when it is deposited in the form of pillar array nanometric structures, has photocatalytic properties and wet surface control, which, together with UV irradiation, provide it with superhydrophilic surfaces, which may be of interest for improving cell adhesion on the peri-implant surface. In this article, we address the influence of this type of surface treatment on type IV and type V titanium discs on their surface energy and cell growth on them. Materials and methods: Samples from titanium rods used for making dental implants were used. There were two types of samples: grade IV and grade V. In turn, within each grade, two types of samples were differentiated: untreated and treated with sand blasting and subjected to double acid etching. Synthesis of the film consisting of titanium oxide pillar array structures was carried out using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition equipment. The plasma was generated in a quartz vessel by an external SLAN-1 microwave source with a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Five specimens from each group were used (40 discs in total). On the surfaces to be studied, the following determinations were carried out: (a) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (b) scanning electron microscopy, (c) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, (d) profilometry, (e) contact angle measurement or surface wettability, (f) progression of contact angle on applying ultraviolet irradiation, and (g) a biocompatibility test and cytotoxicity with cell cultures. Results: The application of ultraviolet light decreased the hydrophobicity of all the surfaces studied, although it did so to a greater extent on the surfaces with the studied modification applied, this being more evident in samples manufactured in grade V titanium. In samples made in grade IV titanium, this difference was less evident, and even in the sample manufactured with grade IV and SLA treatment, the application of the nanometric modification of the surface made the surface optically less active. Regarding cell growth, all the surfaces studied, grouped in relation to the presence or not of the nanometric treatment, showed similar growth. Conclusions. Treatment of titanium oxide surfaces with ultraviolet irradiation made them change temporarily into superhydrophilic ones, which confirms that their biocompatibility could be improved in this way, or at least be maintained

La evolución de los valores sociales en Galicia

[Resumen] En el presente libro se recogen los hallazgos obtenidos de los datos de tres oleadas de encuestas realizadas en Galicia los años 1995, 2001 y 2008. El resultado final es la descripcion y representacion de una Galicia que, alejada de los estereotipos y topicos de siempre, no escapa al impacto de la globalizacion, cuyos efectos se hacen sentir en aspectos clave de su sistema de valores como son la moral, la religion, la politica, la economia y la familia

Impacto social de la contaminación acústica de las infraestructuras lineales en España

[Resumen] La contaminacion acustica forma parte importante del problema mas general de la contaminacion medioambiental en la misma medida que lo es la polucion del aire que respiramos o de los alimentos que ingerimos. Sin embargo el ruido no ha recibido en nuestro pais una atencion similar a los temas medioambientales clasicos. El presente libro pretende cubrir esta laguna ofreciendo al lector un estudio riguroso de la contaminacion acustica producida por las grandes obras de infraestructuras viarias en España. En este sentido es un estudio pionero, enmarcado en un ambicioso proyecto de investigacion de I+D+I y que esperamos sea util no solo a los estudiosos y especialistas del tema, sino tambien a todas aquellas personas y asociaciones que estan convencidas de que el ruido, pasado un determinado umbral, atenta a nuestra calidad de vida. La obra, basada en datos de encuesta, analiza la problematica del impacto social del ruido, abordando temas tan variados como su medicion, el impacto social subjetivo en la poblacion entrevistada, la valoracion economica del ruido y las actitudes y reacciones del publico a la contaminacion acustica de las infraestructuras lineales

Valuation models for holiday rentals’ daily rates: price composition based on Booking.com

In recent years, the number of sharing economy accommodations has grown exponentially due to the Internet and peer-to-peer networks, which has made researchers increasingly interested in analysing this new type of lodging. This study sought to develop models that determine the significant variables for the daily price of staying in holiday rentals based on data extracted from Booking.com and other sources. The hedonic pricing method (HPM) was selected to conduct the research as this methodology has been widely used in real estate valuation and hotel daily rate determination; however, the HPM is still rarely used for holiday rentals. The study focused on the city of Seville, where a notable increase in holiday rentals has been observed in recent years. Variables related to the accommodation typology, including location, size and equipment, as well as seasonality, are the most influential factors in the proposed models. These results are of interest to both owners and users of holiday rentals and can help these individuals to determine if the price of a stay is what would commonly be offered in the market under normal circumstances.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of amphetamine on development of oral candidiasis in rats

[Abstract] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg of body weight/day) on the development of oral candidiasis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were submitted to surgical hyposalivation in order to facilitate the establishment and persistence of Candida albicans infection. Treatment with drugs (placebo or amphetamine) was initiated 7 days before C. albicans inoculation and lasted until the end of the experiments, day 15 postinoculation. Establishment of C. albicans infection was evaluated by swabbing the inoculated oral cavity with a sterile cotton applicator on days 2 and 15 after inoculation, followed by plating on YEPD (yeast extract-peptone-dextrose) agar. Tissue injury was determined by the quantification of the number and type (normal or abnormal) of papillae on the dorsal tongue per microscopic field. A semiquan- titative scale was devised to assess the degree of colonization of the epithelium by fungal hyphae. Our results show that amphetamine exacerbates C. albicans infection of the tongues of rats. Significant increases in Candida counts, the percentage of the tongue’s surface covered with clinical lesions, the percentage of abnormal papillae, and the colonization of the epithelium by fungal hyphae were found in amphetamine-treated rats compared to those found in the rats injected with a placebo. The last two parameters increased in rats treated with the placebo compared to the parameters of the untreated control rats

Erosive features caused by a magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) colony on martillo island, beagle channel, Argentina

Desde 1976 en la Isla Martillo (Canal Beagle, 54°54´26? S; 67°22´58? O) se asienta una colonia de pingüinos de Magallanes (Spheniscus magellanicus). Allí se identifican geoformas de origen glacial y marino, entre las que se destacan: drumlin, terrazas glacifluviales y marinas, y playas. La vegetación de la isla está compuesta por fragmentos bosque localizados mayoritariamente en el E de la isla, y la superficie restante está cubierta de arbustos, matas y pastos. Este trabajo presenta a los pingüinos como agentes erosivos en las geoformas terrestres, glaciares y marinas. Se realizó una evaluación multi-criterio de relevamiento de campo. La geo data base se trabajó en el entorno GIS Quantum GIS® 3.2.1, utilizando imágenes satelitales y un modelo digital del terreno (MDT) de 12 m de resolución espacial, como base de referencia visual. Los datos morfométricos y la evaluación multi-criterio se recopilaron durante el verano austral 2016-2017. Se tomaron muestras de los suelos y sedimentos de cada forma de relieve (drumlin, terraza glacifluvial, playa elevada y playa) para analizar el tamaño de partícula, para determinar si existe alguna relación entre los parámetros morfométricos de la cueva y los sedimentos. Se definieron cuatro clases de bioerosión en función de las características de erosión observadas en el campo. "Moderada" fue la clase de erosión predominante, en la parte E-NE de la isla. Los rasgos erosivos se desarrollan principalmente en la ladera con orientación N del E de la isla, donde un barranco natural drena el agua de lluvia y sobre las superficies de las terrazas glacifluviales y marinas. Las características erosivas como las cuevas y los puentes se desarrollan principalmente en drumlins limosos. Los pedestales se desarrollan en suelos desnudos y matas. Los senderos y las grietas también se describieron como bioerosión. No se registraron características erosivas en la parte oeste de la isla. El mapa de bioerosión es uno de los insumos para el análisis de degradación ambiental y la investigación dinámica de la población que se está realizando en la colonia de pingüinos de Magallanes en la isla Martillo, Canal Beagle.An active Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) colony has been established on Martillo Island, Beagle Channel (54°54´26? S; 67°22´58? W) since 1976. It is located in remnants of eroded drumlins placed in both ending and joined by gravel terraces of glaciofluvial and marine origin. Forest patches occupy the eastern side of the island while most of the island is covered by bushes, tussocks and grasses. This paper presents penguins as bio-erosion agents on glacial and marine landforms. An analysis of multiple criteria surveyed in the field was performed, using Quantum GIS® 3.2.1 with remote sensing images and a digital model terrain of 12 m resolution. The morphometric data and multicriterial evaluation were collected during 2016-2017 austral summer. Soils and sediments of each landform (drumlin, glaciofluvial terrace, raised beach and beach) were sampled for particle size analysis, to determine if there is any relationship between the morphometric parameters of the cave and the sediments. Four bio-erosion classes were defined based on the erosion features observed in the field. ?Moderate? was the prevailing erosion class recorded, in the E-NE part of the island. Bio-erosion features are mainly developed on the N facing slope of the east of the island, where a natural gully drains rainfall water, and over the glaciofluvial and marine terrace surfaces. Erosive features such as caves and bridges are mainly developed in silty drumlins. Pedestals are developed on bare soils and tussocks. Trails and cracks were also described as bio-erosion. No erosive features were recorded in the W part of the island. The bio-erosion map is one of the inputs for environmental degradation analysis and population dynamic research which is being done in the Magellanic penguin colony on Martillo Island, Beagle Channel.Fil: Quiroga, Diego Rubén Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Coronato, Andrea Maria Josefa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Scioscia, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Raya Rey, Andrea Nélida. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Schiavini, Adrian Carlos Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Santos González, Javier. Universidad de León; EspañaFil: López, C.R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Redondo Vega, José María. Universidad de León; Españ

Reaction of corn hybrids on the positioning of fungicides in the State of Goiás

O milho (Zea mays L.) é um dos cereais mais cultivados no mundo e apresenta papel importante na economia do cenário mundial. Um dos principais entraves para a cultura é a ocorrência de doenças. Um dos principais métodos de controle de patógenos é através do uso de fungicidas, muitas vezes utilizados de forma inadequada. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a severidade de doenças foliares como ferrugem polissora (Puccinia polysora), ferrugem tropical (Phyzopella zeae) e mancha de Phaeosphaeria (Phaeosphaeria maydis), bem como a incidência de carvão (Ustilago maydis) em quatro híbridos de milho (30F90H, 30F53H, 30F90Hnsr e 30F53Hnsr) sob duas doses (300 e 400 ml.ha-1) de aplicação de fungicida  sistêmico (Azoxistrobina + Ciproconazole) em duas épocas de aplicação (V8 e R1). As avaliações foram realizadas vinte dias após a segunda época de aplicação. A severidade foi avaliada através de escala, e a incidência por contagem de plantas. Os resultados foram submetidos ao Teste de Scott-Knott. Conclui-se que os híbridos 30F90Hnsr e 30F53Hnsr apresentaram melhores resultados no controle das doenças, enquanto 30F90H apresentou melhor resposta para ferrugem polissora e pior resultado na incidência de mancha de P. maydis e carvão. El maíz (Zea mays L.) es uno de los cereales más cultivados en el mundo y presenta un papel importante en la economía del escenario mundial. Uno de los principales obstáculos para la cultura es la ocurrencia de enfermedades. Uno de los principales métodos de control de patógenos es a través del uso de fungicidas, en muchos casos utilizados de forma inadecuada. De esta forma, este trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la severidad de las enfermedades foliares como herrumbres (Puccinia polysora), (Phyzopella zeae) y (Phaeosphaeria maydis), así como la incidencia de carbón (Ustilago maydis) en cuatro híbridos de maíz (30F90H, 30F53H, 30F90Hnsr y 30F53Hnsr) en dos dosis (300 y 400 ml ha-1) de fungicida sistémica (Azoxistrobina + Ciproconazol) en dos épocas de aplicación (V8 y R1). Las evaluaciones se realizaron veinte días después de la segunda época de aplicación. La severidad fue evaluada a través de escala, y la incidencia por conteo de plantas. Los resultados fueron sometidos a la prueba de Scott-Knott. Se concluye que los híbridos 30F90Hnsr y 30F53Hnsr presentaron mejores resultados en el control de las enfermedades, mientras que 30F90H presentó mejor respuesta para Puccinia polysora y peor resultado en la incidencia de mancha de Phaeosphaeria maydis y carbón (Ustilago maydis).Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most cultivated cereals in the world and plays an important role in the world's economy. One of the main obstacles to a culture and an occurrence of diseases. One of the major methods of controlling pathogens through the use of fungicides often uses improperly. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the severity of foliar diseases such as polysorbite rust (Puccinia polysora), tropical rust (Phyzopella zeae) and Phaeosphaeria maydis (Phaeosphaeria maydis), as well as an incidence of coal (Ustilago maydis) in four hybrids of corn (30F90H, 30F53H, 30F90Hnsr and 30F53Hnsr) solution two doses (300 and 400 ml.ha-1) of systemic fungicide application (Azoxystrobin + Ciproconazole) at two application times (V8 and R1). How the evaluation was performed after a second time of application. Severity was assessed through scale, and an incidence by plant count. The results were submitted to the Scott-Knott Test. It was concluded that the 30F90Hnsr and 30F53Hnsr hybrids presented better results without disease control, while 30F90H presented better response to polysorbite rust and worse result in the incidence of P. maydis and charcoal spot

Detección y diagnóstico de trastornos del espectro autista

La iniciativa de confeccionar una guía de detección precoz de los trastornos del espectro autista recoge la inquietud sobre el escaso bagaje de publicaciones de alto nivel científico o de grupos de investigación en el estudio de estos trastornos. Por tanto, el instrumento de detección que se valora en esta publicación dotará a los pediatras de atención primaria y a los padres de un medio adecuado para la detección de los trastornos del espectro autista y otros problemas de desarrollo. Hace sesenta años que el autismo se identificó por primera vez y, aunque aún faltan muchos aspectos por resolver, iniciativas como las que el Real Patronato sobre Discapacidad viene apoyando ofrecerán una respuesta tranquilizadora a los padres que asisten con alarma a síntomas cuyo alcance no pueden determinar, y constituirán un importante avance de nuestro sistema sanitario y de servicios sociales en su responsabilidad de ofrecer a los ciudadanos la atención a la que está obligado por mandato constitucional