Estudo de camadas anti-reflectoras para células solares

Trabalho de projecto de mestrado, Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016O presente trabalho tem como principal objectivo o estudo de camadas anti-reflectoras para células solares, tendo sido feito várias deposições de filmes simples, usando materiais como o óxido de silício, óxido de alumínio e óxido de titânio. Estes filmes foram depositados usando um processo de evaporação física assistida por canhão de electrões. Para a caracterização dos filmes foram feitas medidas de reflectância e da espessura dos filmes. Nas medições de reflectância, foi utilizada uma técnica de medição do fluxo radiante baseada numa esfera integradora e de medição por espectrofotometria. Para a medição da espessura dos filmes obtidos da deposição recorreu-se à elipsometria, fornecendo igualmente valores de espessura e índices de refracção característicos para esses filmes. Neste trabalho, foi também desenvolvido um simulador que permite representar curvas de reflectância de filmes sobre silício, permitindo alterar as propriedades ópticas em qualquer nível da amostra.This work has as main objective the study of anti-reflective coatings for solar cells, having been made several depositions of simple thin films, using materials such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide. These films were deposited using a process of physical evaporation assisted by the electron gun. For the characterization of thin films were made the reflectance measurements and the thickness of the thin films. In reflectance measurements, we used a radiant flux measurement technique based on an integrating sphere and measured by spectrophotometry. For measuring the thickness of the deposition thin film obtained resorted to ellipsometry also providing characteristic values of thickness and refractive indices for these films. In this work, it was also developed a simulator that allows represent reflectance curves of thin films over silicon, allowing to change the optical properties at any level of the sample

Educação escolar, tradição e oralidade Negro-Brasileira

The present text was elaborated from a case study on black-Brazilian education and orality, and consists of an academic-reflective approach on some aspects of black school education; of African traditions and cultures; and of the black-Brazilian orality. This approach is based, in particular, on the following works, with their respective authors: Traditional Culture Banto, by Raul Ruiz de Asúa Altuna; The Place of Culture, by Homi Kuane Bhabha; Living Tradition, by Hampâté Bâ; and, Public Policies of Affirmative Actions: Education and Abá (thought) Black-Brazilian Diásporico, by Jorge Manoel Adão. At the same time we find that oral tradition is a constituent part of the formative matrix of Brazilian culture, in its artistic, festive, religious and popular expressions; we realize that, from the indicators, we have an educational system still not attractive to pardos and blacks for not aggregating their cultural identity and for not recognizing the singularities of this specific group. Singularities such as: early entry into the labor market; the lack of a social quality in public education, in which most of them have access; and to a programmatic content that does not recognize the cultural universe, from its roots, of the blacks and that does not encourage the construction of an identity knowledge. As well as racism and prejudice in the school environment and in the classroom, which consequently translates into avoidance and discontinuity of studies and lack of references, perspectives for the achievement of a trajectory of personal, academic and professional success.O presente texto foi elaborado a partir de um estudo de caso sobre educação e oralidade negro-brasileira e consiste em uma abordagem acadêmico-reflexiva sobre alguns aspectos da educação escolar de negros; da tradição e culturas africanas; e, da oralidade negro-brasileira. Esta abordagem se embasa teoricamente, em especial, nas seguintes obras, com seus respectivos autores: Cultura Tradicional Banto, de Raul Ruiz de Asúa Altuna; O Local da Cultura, de Homi Kuane Bhabha; Tradição Viva, de Hampâté Bâ; e, Políticas Públicas de Ações Afirmativas: Educação e Abá (pensamento) Negro-Brasileiro Diásporico, de Jorge Manoel Adão. Ao mesmo tempo em que constatamos que a tradição oral é parte constituinte da matriz formadora da cultura brasileira, em suas expressões artísticas, festivas, religiosas e populares; percebemos que, desde os indicadores, temos um sistema educacional ainda pouco atraente aos pardos e pretos por não agregar a sua identidade cultural e por não reconhecer às singularidades deste grupo específico. Singularidades como: a entrada precoce no mercado de trabalho; a falta de uma qualidade social no ensino público, em que majoritariamente estes têm acesso; e, a um conteúdo programático que não reconhece o universo cultural, a partir de suas raízes, dos negros e que não incentiva a construção de um saber identitário. Assim como o racismo e o preconceito no ambiente escolar e em sala de aula que, consequentemente, se traduz em evasão e descontinuidade dos estudos e falta de referenciais, de perspectivas para a realização de uma trajetória de sucesso pessoal, acadêmico e profissional

Acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo em paciente com COVID-19

N/AN/

Sequencing CYP2D6 for the detection of poor-metabolizers in post-mortem blood samples with tramadol

Tramadol concentrations and analgesic effect are dependent on the CYP2D6 enzymatic activity. It is well known that some genetic polymorphisms are responsible for the variability in the expression of this enzyme and in the individual drug response. The detection of allelic variants described as non-functional can be useful to explain some circumstances of death in the study of post-mortem cases with tramadol. A Sanger sequencing methodology was developed for the detection of genetic variants that cause absent or reduced CYP2D6 activity, such as *3, *4, *6, *8, *10 and *12 alleles. This methodology, as well as the GC/MS method for the detection and quantification of tramadol and its main metabolites in blood samples was fully validated in accordance with international guidelines. Both methodologies were successfully applied to 100 post-mortem blood samples and the relation between toxicological and genetic results evaluated. Tramadol metabolism, expressed as its metabolites concentration ratio (N-desmethyltramadol/O-desmethyltramadol), has been shown to be correlated with the poor-metabolizer phenotype based on genetic characterization. It was also demonstrated the importance of enzyme inhibitors identification in toxicological analysis. According to our knowledge, this is the first study where a CYP2D6 sequencing methodology is validated and applied to post-mortem samples, in Portugal. The developed methodology allows the data collection of post-mortem cases, which is of primordial importance to enhance the application of these genetic tools to forensic toxicology and pathology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Is The Late Mandibular Fracture From Third Molar Extraction a Risk Towards Malpractice?:Case Report with the Analysis of Ethical and Legal Aspects

Objectives: The present study reports a case of late mandibular fracture due to third molar extraction and highlights the inherent clinical, ethical and legal aspects related to this surgical complication. Material and Methods: A female patient underwent surgical procedure for the extraction of the mandibular right third molar. Two days after the surgery the patient reported pain and altered occlusion in the right side of the mandible. After clinical and radiographic re-examination, the diagnosis of late mandibular fracture was established. A second surgery, under general anaesthesia, was performed for the fixation of the mandibular bone. Results: The fractured parts were reduced and fixed with locking plate systems and 2 mm screws following load-sharing principles. The masticatory function showed optimal performance within 7 and 21 days after the surgery. Complete bone healing was observed within 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions: For satisfactory surgical outcomes, adequate surgical planning and techniques must be performed. Signed informed consents explaining the risks and benefits of the treatment must be used to avoid ethical and legal disputes in dentistry

Recommendations for avoiding knee pain after intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The objective of this study is to analyze the proximal tibiofibular joint in patients with knee pain after treatment of tibial shaft fractures with locked intramedullary nail.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The proximal tibiofibular joint was analyzed in 30 patients, who reported knee pain after tibial nailing, and standard radiograph and computed tomography were performed to examine the proximal third of the tibia. Twenty patients (68.9%) presented the proximal screw crossing the proximal tibiofibular joint and 13 (44.8%) had already removed the nail and/or screw. Four patients (13.7%) reported complaint of knee pain. However, the screw did not reach the proximal tibiofibular joint. Five patients (17.2%) complained of knee pain although the screw toward the joint did not affect the proximal tibiofibular joint.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>When using nails with oblique proximal lock, surgeons should be careful not to cause injury in the proximal tibiofibular joint, what may be one of the causes of knee pain. Thus, the authors suggest postoperative evaluation performing computed tomography when there is complaint of pain.</p

Vein of Galen malformation: What to do when vascular access is not feasible?

Background: The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (GVAM) is a rare congenital vascular lesion, with high morbidity and mortality without treatment, endovascular management is the best alternative available today.Aim: The purpose of this work is to report the case of a female patient with imaginological and angiographical diagnosis of GVAM, which was difficult for endovascular managent alone, due to this was decided an alternative endovascular direct access guided by stereotactic assistance.Case report: We report the case of an infant with imaging and angiographic diagnosis of GVAM, with absence of the vein access through classical embolization could be done, complicating and making difficult for endovascular management alone, hence was decided an alternative endovascular direct access guided by stereotactic assistance, ensuring total embolization of the lesion with coils. The patient progressed satisfactorily.Discussion: VGAM generally represents only 1% or less of total cerebral vascular malformations, but in pediatrics may be as high as 30%. The malformation is occupying the subarachnoid space of the velum interpositum and the quadrigeminal cistern. It is characterized by the presence of the vein embryonic precursor of the vein of Galen, and abnormal arterial shunts from arteries normally developed but extremely dilated. Mortality rate is high in these patients without treatment, developing hydrocephalus and cerebral complications related to the occupying mass that could drive to epilepsy, serious cognitive sequelae, intracerebral emorrhage and death within the possibilities. Heart failure is often a common complication. To our knowledge this is the first report of the use of stereotactic assistance in the endovascular therapeutic management of VGAM.Conclusions: In cases where clasical venous access cannot be achieved as in the case we report, further technical assistance can be obtained with stereotactic guidance, making easier the procedure, remembering that without therapy, VGAM result in life-threatening hydrocephalus and/or intracranial hemorrhage, rapidly driving to death

Replication of Rocio virus in primary cultures of mouse neural cells

Instituto Evandro Chagas/ Ministry of Health and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.This study verified the replication efficiency of the Rocio virus in a primary culture of mouse neural cells. Methods: Mixed primary cultures (neurons/glia) obtained from the brains of newborn isogenic BALB/c mice were inoculated with Rocio virus on the 7th day of culture, and the development of cytopathogenic effects was monitored. The infection was confirmed via immunocytochemistry (anti-ROCV), while viral replication was quantified in infected primary cultures. The titration method used depended on the infection period. Results: Rocio virus efficiently infected primary cultured neural cells, with the highest viral titer causing cytopathic changes was observed at 2 days post infection. The virus-infected primary culture survived for up to 7 days post infection, and viral load quantitation showed viral replication kinetics compatible with the cell death kinetics of cultures. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that mouse neural cell primary cultures support Rocio virus replication and could be used as an alternative system for studying Flavivirus infection in the central nervous system

Hamstring extensibility in female elite soccer players

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la extensibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural en futbolistas femeninas de élite. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 75 jugadoras de élite de fútbol de cuatro categorías: Sub12 (n=20, edad: 11,42 ± 0,90 años), Sub15 (n=21, edad: 13,38 ± 1,50 años), Provincial (amateur) (n=15, edad: 17,13 ± 1,85 años), y Nacional (profesional) (n=20, edad: 22,80 ± 5,25 años). Como instrumentos de medición se utilizaron el test sit and reach (SRT) y el test de flexión profunda (FP) de tronco. Los valores medios presentados en el SRT fueron de 9,74 ± 5,62 cm. para el grupo Sub12, 13,86 ± 4,82 cm. para el grupo Sub15, 9,73 ± 3,58 cm para el grupo Provincial (amateur) y 7,55 ± 8,39 cm para el grupo Nacional (profesional). En el SRT las participantes del grupo Sub15 obtuvieron resultados significativamente superiores que las participantes del grupo Nacional (p<.05), mientras que en la prueba FP el grupo Sub12 obtuvo resultados significativamente superiores que el grupo Nacional (p<.05). En el análisis de correlaciones bivariadas, se observaron correlaciones moderadas entre la altura y los resultados en las pruebas de FP (r=.561; p<.05) y SRT (r=.491; p<.05) en el grupo Sub12. En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio indican que la extensibilidad isquiosural de las jugadoras de élite de fútbol estudiadas es limitada, por lo que deberíamos implementar programas específicos de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural en futbolistas féminas desde las categorías inferiores hasta las categorías profesionales. Palabras clave. flexibilidad, fútbol femenino, flexión profunda, sit and reach test.The aim of this study was to evaluate hamstring extensibility in female elite soccer players. A descriptive transversal study was carried out with a sample of 75 female elite soccer players into four categories: Under12 (n=20, age: 11,42 ± 0,90 years), Under15 (n=21, age: 13,38 ± 1,50 years), Provincial (amateur) (n=15, age: 17,13 ± 1,85 years), and National (professional) (n=20, age: 22,80 ± 5,25 years). The sit and reach test (SRT) and the deep trunk flexion test were used as measurement tools. The average values showed in the SRT were 9,74 ± 5,62 cm. for the Under12 group, 13,86 ± 4,82 cm. for the Under15 group, 9,73 ± 3,58 cm for the Provincial (amateur) group and 7,55 ± 8,39 cm for the National (professional) group. In the SRT the members of Under15 group showed significantly higher results than the members of National group (p<.05), while in the deep trunk flexion test the Under12 group showed significantly higher results than the National group (p<.05). In the analysis of bivariate correlations, in the Under12 group moderate correlations were observed between height and scores in the deep trunk test (r = .561; p <.05) and SRT (r = .491; p <.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the hamstring extensibility in female elite soccer players studied is limited, so we should implement stretching specific programs of the hamstring muscles in female soccer players from the lower categories to the professional categories. Key words. flexibility, female soccer, deep trunk, sit and reach test

Study on the use of Artemia salina as bioindicator in the ecotoxicological evaluation of landfill leachate

Landfill leachate deserves special attention because it presents itself as a potentially polluting liquid that can attack nearby natural resources if it is not carefully treated and disposed of in a controlled manner, or it may be reused in other activities. The present work had the objective of evaluating the toxicity of untreated landfill leachate on the test organism A. salina. The physical chemical characterization of the landfill leachate for the presence of metals and salts was performed according to the methodology proposed by the American Public Health Association - APHA (2005). After hatching, about 10 nauples of A. salina were transferred to 15 x 150 mm test tubes containing 10 mL (saline water and the landfill leach to be tested). Seven treatments with four replicates were used. The LC5048h of the landfill leachate used in the present study was mathematically obtained in the dose with 28.4% of leachate. The parameters of salinity, ammonia and sulfates are directly related to the value of the LC5048h