Yield parameters and water productivity of tropical and overseeded winter forages

Intensive pasture exploitation with tropical forages is one of the most efficient forms ruminant production. However, the results depends on the knowledge about these forages and the experience in its management. The objective of this work was to evaluate water productivity (WP) and yield parameters of Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombaça “Guinea grass” and Cynodon spp. “Bermuda grass”, in single culture and overseeded with oats + ryegrass in autumn/winter period. Irrigation management was done considering a depletion factor of 0.3 (70% of the humidity the field capacity). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, in which the forages are the treatments with evaluation at the time of the cycles. For all evaluated parameters, the best results were obtained with the Guinea grass in exclusive cultivation. The TFP (Total Forage Productivity) of Guinea grass was superior to Bermuda grass (59.3 and 30.2 Mg ha-1, respectively), in accordance with its average LAI (Leaf area index) values of 4.8 and 2.5, respectively. The most efficient use of water occurred for Guinea grass in exclusive cultivation, and the intercropped crops did not present increases in the WP. In the autumn/winter period, the accumulated TFP of the exclusive crop of Guinea grass was higher than the other crops. However, the SDM of Bermuda grass was higher than the other crops. In winter, the highest LAI occurred in Guinea grass in exclusive cultivation, followed by the overseeded Guinea grass, 4.8 and 4.5, respectively. Consortia did not increase forage yield during the winter. The consortiums did not increase forage yield during the winter

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Juventude, universidade e conhecimento: o agir prático das juventudes nos fazeres da universidade

Esta Tese de doutorado foca na tríade: Universidade, Juventude e Conhecimento; ou melhor, objetiva compreender como estudantes da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, expositores de comunicação científica e participantes de programas institucionais de bolsas ou auxílios, lidam com a produção do conhecimento científico. Assim, para efeito metodológico, propõe-se que toda forma de conhecimento demandado a partir das experiências históricas, culturais e sociais, manifestas em formas de agir/fazer, prático ou não, e que seja produto da percepção e reflexão do indivíduo sobre um fenômeno ou coisa em sua realidade, sejam tomadas como “saberes”, pois expressam condutas, valores e reflexões que contraditam, ao tempo em que, complementam e subsidiam a produção do conhecimento e a validação da ciência, constituindo-se como uma expressão de um dado capital cultural que assume no jogo simbólico das relações sociais um caráter distintivo. Optou-se pelo uso de uma metodologia qualiquanti como mecanismo para compreensão desta relação entre a juventude universitária participante em atividades de pesquisa e a produção do conhecimento. A definição desta estratégia se dá pelo interesse em mensurar através da aplicação de um instrumento padrão, aquilo que a juventude universitária toma como comum e que está presente em seu discurso como algo incorporado, logo uma disposição consciente ou não, sobre as dimensões que compõe o seu fazer na universidade. A partir de categorias analíticas presentes na obra de Bourdieu – habitus, campo, agir prático e ciência – construiu-se a noção do “fazer universidade”; fazer, que como verbo bitransitivo, expressa a ação e as implicações da ação, onde o agente mediador modifica e é modificado a partir da sua forma de agir. Observou-se, que o processo de democratização do ensino superior, possibilitou as populações historicamente excluídas, através de políticas públicas específicas, o acesso. Contudo, estar na universidade não implica num fazer universidade que se faz na produção de conhecimento ou na prática da pesquisa, logo não houve a democratização do conhecimento. Neste sentido, pode-se falar da condição juvenil que circunstancia o ser universitário, onde as expressões do tempo se associam e se dissociam pelas características distintivas que caracterizam cada um dos indivíduos, implicando em suas práticas e interesses. Para tanto, construiu-se um histórico da criação da universidade no mundo e no Brasil, tendo como foco o capital social e cultural constituinte dos estudantes, que implicavam na atuação prática destes agentes. As políticas de democratização e interiorização do ensino superior no Brasil, a partir do século XXI, redefinem o perfil da juventude universitária e se constituem como ponto de inflexão acerca do agir prático dos estudantes no fazer universidade. A relação entre democratização e conhecimento expressa novas estratégias distintivas que implicam num processo de desclassificação e de desigualdade, constituídas pelo capital cultural que se faz necessário para incorporação e o fazer de uma rotina acadêmica como forma de habitus acadêmico. As juventudes foram tratadas a partir da condição juvenil, onde a condição material de existência e as estratégias de agir formatam a noção apreendida. Mais uma vez os tempos se associam ao contexto conceitual, compreendendo que para além do tempo da máquina, próprio da modernidade, coexiste um tempo social que redefine o ser jovem e torna-o sujeito substantivado, o que permite percebê-los em sua pluralidade. Os resultados demonstram que as políticas de democratização existentes na UFRB reduziram as desigualdades verticais, aquelas que se constituem pela condição de gênero, raça, classe, origem de moradia, sexualidade, mas não foram suficientes para redefinir das práticas classificatórias que orientam as escolhas e as distinções dos agentes da pesquisa. As distinções denominadas qualitativas ganham ênfase e mesmo em condições isonômicas prevalecem às formas desiguais de seleção dos estudantes para o campo da pesquisa, neste sentido a origem escolar, o domínio de idiomas estrangeiros, o uso normativo da língua, o capital cultural e simbólico são expressões horizontais da desigualdade que se expressam de forma vertical no que se refere à afiliação e participação nos grupos de pesquisa e nos programas institucionais de bolsas de pesquisa. Assim a compreensão destas formas de desigualdade, em particular a horizontal, torna-se um parâmetro para apreensão do fazer universidade como expressão contígua dos tempos de oficio e da arte, pois implicam, de forma bitransitiva, no agir prático dos estudantes e na definição das políticas que assegurem a democratização do conhecimento e o reconhecimento dos saberes.This Doctoral thesis focus on the triad University, Youth and Knowledge; or better, aims to understand how students of the Federal University of Bahia Reconcavo, scientific communication of exhibitors and participants from institutional programs of scholarships or aid, deal with the production of scientific knowledge. So for methodological effect, it is proposed that all forms of knowledge demanded from the historical experiences, cultural and social, manifested in ways of acting / doing, practical or not, and that is the product of perception and individual reflection on a phenomenon or something in your reality, be taken as "knowledge", they express behaviors, values and reflections in opposite at the time, they complement and subsidize the production of knowledge and validation of science, establishing itself as an expression of a given cultural capital that assumes the symbolic set of social relationships a distinctive character. We opted for the use of a methodology “qualiquanti” as a mechanism to understand this relationship between the university students participating in research activities and the production of knowledge. The definition of this strategy is through interest in measuring by applying a standard instrument, what the university students takes as common and is present in his speech as something built, then a conscious arrangement or otherwise, about the dimensions that make up the your doing in college. From analytical categories present in Bourdieu's work - habitus, field, and practical action science ¬¬ - has built up the notion of "making university"; do, that as bitransitivo verb expresses the action and the implications of the action where the mediator agent modifies and is modified from its course of action. It was observed that the process of democratization of higher educationmade possible the historically excluded populations through specific public policies, access. Though, being at the university does not imply a make university that makes the production of knowledge or practice of research, then there was the democratization of knowledge. In this sense, one can speak of the youth condition which describes the university is where the expressions of time associate and dissociate the distinctive features that characterize each individual, resulting in their practices and interests. Therefore, a university creating history was built in the world and in Brazil, focusing on the social and cultural capital of constituent students, implicating the practical application of these agents. Democratization policies and internalization of higher education in Brazil, from the twenty-first century, redefining the profile of university students and constitute as turning point about the practical action of the students to the do university. The relationship between democratization and knowledge expressed new distinctive strategies that imply a process of decommissioning and inequality, comprise the cultural capital that is necessary for incorporation and make an academic routine as a form of academic habitus. The youths were treated from the juvenile condition, where the existence of material condition and action strategies format the perceived notion. Again the times are associated with conceptual context, understanding that in addition to the machine time, characteristic of modernity coexists a social time that redefines be young and becomes the subject substantival, allowing perceive them in their plurality. The results demonstrate that the existing democratization policies in UFRB reduced vertical inequalities, those that constitute the gender condition, race, class, house of origin, sexuality, but not enough to reset the qualifying practices that guide the choices and distinctions of research agents. Qualitative called distinctions gain emphasis and even in equal conditions prevail to unequal forms of selection of students to the field of research, in this sense the school origin, the domain of foreign languages, the normative use of language, cultural and symbolic capital are expressions horizontal inequality that are expressed vertically in relation to membership and participation in research groups and institutional programs of research scholarship. So the understanding of these forms of inequality, particularly horizontal, becomes a parameter for seizure of doing university as contiguous expression of the office of times and art, they imply, of bitransitiva way, the act practical of the students and the definition of policies to ensure the democratization of knowledge and recognition of knowledge.FAPESB (2013-2014) e CAPES NOVO PRODOUTORAL (2014-2016

Novas evidências sobre o valor diagnóstico da reação de imunofluorescência indireta e reação intradérmica de hipersensibilidade tardia na infecção humana por Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi na Amazônia, Brasil

itemItensArtigos publicados na "Revista Pan-Americana de Saúde"