Ternary Quantum Dots in Chemical Analysis. Synthesis and Detection Mechanisms

Ternary quantum dots (QDs) are novel nanomaterials that can be used in chemical analysis due their unique physicochemical and spectroscopic properties. These properties are size-dependent and can be adjusted in the synthetic protocol modifying the reaction medium, time, source of heat, and the ligand used for stabilization. In the last decade, several spectroscopic methods have been developed for the analysis of organic and inorganic analytes in biological, drug, environmental, and food samples, in which different sensing schemes have been applied using ternary quantum dots. This review addresses the different synthetic approaches of ternary quantum dots, the sensing mechanisms involved in the analyte detection, and the predominant areas in which these nanomaterials are usedThe authors give thanks to the CONACYT support for the grant number 771019S

Impedimetric Biosensor Based on a Hechtia argentea Lectin for the Detection of Salmonella spp.

A sensitive electrochemical detection method for Salmonella spp. was described, based on the use of Hechtia argentea lectin immobilised on a screen-printed gold electrode. The lectin was extracted from Hechtia argentea, a plant belonging to the Bromeliaceae family. The lectin with molecular weight near 27.4 kDa showed selectivity towards D-mannose, contained on the lipopolysaccharide cell wall of Salmonella spp. Carbohydrate selectivity of the lectin was measured as a change in impedance with respect to concentration. The binding of the bacteria to the biosensor surface increased impedance with increasing concentrations of Salmonella spp., achieving a linear range of detection of 15–2.57 × 107 CFU mL−1, with a limit of detection of 5 CFU mL−1. Increases in impedance were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and analysed using Nyquist plots. The biosensor was applied in analysis of hen egg samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained using the official analysis methodologyS

Changes in healthy habits regarding physical activity and sedentary lifestyle during a national lockdown due to covid-19

El presente estudio analizó el efecto del confinamiento en España derivado de la COVID-19 en niveles de actividad física diaria, ejercicio físico y comportamientos sedentarios. Tras la declaración del estado de alarma, se difundió un cuestionario por redes sociales con preguntas sociodemográficas, actividad física y comportamientos sedentarios. Posteriormente, se envió por correo electrónico otro cuestionario en relación con la nueva situación de confinamiento. Respondieron a ambos cuestionarios 474 participantes. Se registró un aumento del peso e índice de masa corporal durante el confinamiento (p < .001). Aumentó el número de días en los que se realizaba ejercicio físico en tiempo de ocio (p < .001), pero no el tiempo de práctica semanal total. Se redujo el tiempo de actividad física durante actividades académicas y/o profesionales y el tiempo destinado a desplazamientos (p < .001). Se registró un mayor tiempo de sueño, siestas y sedestación (p < .01). El presente estudio evidencia la necesidad de crear estrategias eficaces encaminadas a aumentar la práctica de actividad física y promover los hábitos de vida saludables, especialmente durante la actual crisis humanitaria y posibles futurasThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a lockdown in Spain due to COVID-19 on the levels of physical activity, exercise and sedentary lifestyle. After declaring state of alarm in Spain, a questionnaire was distributed via social networks with demographic questions, academic and/or employment status, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Subsequently, another questionnaire was sent by email in relation to the new lockdown measures. 474 participants replied to both questionnaires. An increase in weight and body mass index was recorded during lockdown (p <0.001). The number of days in which physical activity was practiced during leisure time increased (p <0.001), but the total time of weekly practice stayed the same. The time of physical activity during academic time and the time spent walking was reduced, as well as was the time spent walking (p <0.001). Longer sleep, naps and sitting time was also recorded (p <0.01). The present study shows the need to create effective strategies aimed to increase the practice of physical activity and promote a healthy lifestyle during the current humanitarian crisis and possible future onesS

Memórias da Irmandade Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte em Cachoeira – Bahia / Brasil: : documentação da confraria

O destaque desta pesquisa encontra-se no levantamento de acervos documentais sobre a Irmandade de Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte, salvaguardados e disponibilizados ao público pelo Centro Cultural da Irmandade da Boa Morte, situado em um dos sobrados coloniais da cidade de Cachoeira – Bahia, e por outras instituições culturais, a exemplo da Fundação Pierre Verger, Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural (IPAC), Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), possuidoras de rica concentração de dossiês sobre memórias da Irmandade, contadas através da documentação acumulada e produzida, constituída de manuscritos, impressos, fotografias, audiovisuais, desenhos, pinturas e outros variados registros informacionais. Sobre o entorno arquitetônico, será revisitado o contexto espacial relativo ao imóvel, onde funciona o Centro Cultural Irmandade da Boa Morte, integrado ao conjunto patrimonial paisagístico da cidade de Cachoeira, legalizado pelo IPHAN / Ministério da Cultura, com passagens históricas de outras formas de moradas em sobrados coloniais da Bahia, especificamente, da cidade onde se estabelece a Irmandade da Boa Morte, Cachoeira. Apresenta breve reflexão teórica-conceitual sobre arquivo e memória e o relacionamento do documento com memória.. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa busca suscitar reflexões sobre patrimônio documental relativo aos arquivos, aos monumentos arquitetônicos e urbanísticos e às manifestações culturais, em sua espacialidade

Validade e reprodutibilidade de dispositivos e aplicativos móveis para avaliar e monitorar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória de adultos: uma revisão sistemática

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, the assessment and monitoring of cardiorespiratory fitness is carried out indirectly, with few technological resources. Since the emergence and popularization of mobile electronic devices, this monitoring has also been carried out through these new resources. However, few portable devices are rigorously tested to identify their validity. OBJECTIVE: To develop a systematic review of the literature, seeking to identify the studies that carried out the validation and reproducibility of mobile devices and applications to assess and monitor cardiorespiratory fitness in adults. METHODS: Study of systematic literature review according to the methodological recommendations of The Cochrane Collaboration. The terms cardiorespiratory fitness, mobile devices, electronic device and adults were used to compose search syntaxes in the Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS – English; LILACS - Portuguese, SciELO, SciELO – Brazil and PubMed / MEDLINE databases, in languages portuguese, english and spanish. The temporal range of searches comprised the period from January 2015 to December 2019. RESULTS: A total of 3,396 studies were found from the initial searches. After applying the filters, 488 papers were selected for the reading of titles, of which 43 were included in the stage of reading abstracts. Nineteen studies were considered eligible for the full reading phase, of which, 09 were included in the present review. Regarding the validity of applications and devices, seven studies show satisfactory results regarding equipment data, indicating a high correlation between the results of the evaluated equipment and the comparative method, good accuracy of the equipment or validity of the generated data. On the other hand, two studies suggested prudence in the use of the equipment. CONCLUSION: The present review identified that there are few studies developed for the validation of mobile devices and applications aimed at monitoring cardiorespiratory fitness. Smartphone apps and smart clothes seem to be the most trusted resources to date.INTRODUÇÃO: Tradicionalmente a avaliação e monitoramento da aptidão cardiorrespiratória é realizada de forma indireta, com poucos recursos tecnológicos. A partir do surgimento e popularização dos dispositivos eletrônicos móveis, este monitoramento passou a ser realizado também por meio destes novos recursos. Entretanto, poucos dispositivos portáteis são testados de forma rigorosa para identificar sua validade. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver uma revisão sistemática da literatura, buscando identificar os estudos que realizaram a validação e a reprodutibilidade de dispositivos e aplicativos móveis para avaliar e monitorar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória em adultos.  MÉTODOS: Estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura em acordo com as recomendações metodológicas da The Cochrane Collaboration. Os termos cardiorespiratory fitness, mobile devices, electronic device e adults foram utilizados na composição das sintaxes de busca nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS – Inglês; LILACS - Português, SciELO; SciELO Brasil e PubMed/MEDLINE, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. O intervalo temporal das buscas compreendeu o período de janeiro de 2015 até dezembro de 2019. RESULTADOS: Um total de 3.396 estudos foram encontrados a partir das buscas iniciais. Após aplicados os filtros, 488 trabalhos foram selecionados para a leitura de títulos, dos quais, 43 foram incluídos na etapa de leitura de resumos. Foram considerados elegíveis para a fase de leitura na íntegra 19 estudos, dos quais, 09 foram incluídos na presente revisão. Em relação à validade dos aplicativos e dispositivos, sete estudos apresentam resultados satisfatórios referentes aos dados dos equipamentos, indicando alta correlação entre os resultados do equipamento avaliado e o método comparativo, boa precisão do equipamento ou validade dos dados gerados. Por outro lado, dois estudos sugeriram prudência no uso dos equipamentos. CONCLUSÃO: A presente revisão identificou que existem poucos estudos desenvolvidos para a validação dos dispositivos e aplicativos móveis voltados ao monitoramento da aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Os aplicativos de smartphones e as roupas inteligentes parecem ser os recursos mais confiáveis até o momento

Removal of pharmaceutical compounds commonly-found in wastewater through a hybrid biological and adsorption process

[EN] Nowadays, alternative options to conventional wastewater treatment should be studied due to rising concerns emerged by the presence of pharmaceuticals compounds (PhCs) in the aquatic environment. In this work, a combined system including biological treatment by activated sludge plus adsorption with activated carbon is proposed to remove three selected drugs (acetaminophen (ACT), caffeine (CAF) and ibuprofen (IBU)) in a concentration of 2 mg L-1 of each one. For it three sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were operated. SBR-B treated a synthetic wastewater (SWW) without target drugs and SBR-PhC and SBR-PhC + AC operated with SWW doped with the three drugs, adding into SBR-PhC + AC 1.5 g L-1 of a mesoporous granular activated carbon. Results showed that the hybrid system SBR-activated carbon produced an effluent free of PhCs, which in addition had higher quality than that achieved in a conventional activated sludge treatment in terms of lower COD, turbidity and SMP concentrations. On the other hand, five possible routes of removal for target drugs during the biological treatment were studied. Hydrolysis, oxidation and volatilization pathways were negligible after 6 h of reaction time. Adsorption mute only was significant for ACT, which was adsorbed completely after 5 h of reaction, while only 1.9% of CAF and 5.6% of IBU were adsorbed. IBU was the least biodegradable compound.This work was supported by Spanish grants AICO/2018/292 of the Generalitat Valenciana.Ferrer-Polonio, E.; Fernández-Navarro, J.; Iborra-Clar, MI.; Alcaina-Miranda, MI.; Mendoza Roca, JA. (2020). Removal of pharmaceutical compounds commonly-found in wastewater through a hybrid biological and adsorption process. Journal of Environmental Management. 263:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110368S18263Al-Khazrajy, O. S. A., & Boxall, A. B. A. (2016). Impacts of compound properties and sediment characteristics on the sorption behaviour of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems. 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C., & Amaral, M. C. S. (2019). Occurrence, fate and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in water and wastewater treatment plants—A review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 32, 100927. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100927Desbiolles, F., Malleret, L., Tiliacos, C., Wong-Wah-Chung, P., & Laffont-Schwob, I. (2018). Occurrence and ecotoxicological assessment of pharmaceuticals: Is there a risk for the Mediterranean aquatic environment? Science of The Total Environment, 639, 1334-1348. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.351Dong, X., Zhou, W., & He, S. (2013). Removal of anaerobic soluble microbial products in a biological activated carbon reactor. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 25(9), 1745-1753. doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60224-1Fan, H., Li, J., Zhang, L., & Feng, L. (2014). Contribution of sludge adsorption and biodegradation to the removal of five pharmaceuticals in a submerged membrane bioreactor. 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A genome-wide association study suggests the HLA Class II region as the major susceptibility locus for IgA vasculitis.

The genetic component of Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) vasculitis is still far to be elucidated. To increase the current knowledge on the genetic component of this vasculitis we performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on this condition. 308 IgA vasculitis patients and 1,018 healthy controls from Spain were genotyped by Illumina HumanCore BeadChips. Imputation of GWAS data was performed using the 1000 Genomes Project Phase III dataset as reference panel. After quality control filters and GWAS imputation, 285 patients and 1,006 controls remained in the datasets and were included in further analysis. Additionally, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region was comprehensively studied by imputing classical alleles and polymorphic amino acid positions. A linkage disequilibrium block of polymorphisms located in the HLA class II region surpassed the genome-wide level of significance (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.46-0.68). Although no polymorphic amino acid positions were associated at the genome-wide level of significance, P-values of potential relevance were observed for the positions 13 and 11 of HLA-DRB1 (P = 6.67E-05, P = 1.88E-05, respectively). Outside the HLA, potential associations were detected, but none of them were close to the statistical significance. In conclusion, our study suggests that IgA vasculitis is an archetypal HLA class II disease

Association of HLA-B*41:02 with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis) in Spanish individuals irrespective of the HLA-DRB1 status

INTRODUCTION: A study was conducted to determine whether the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B alleles are implicated in the susceptibility to Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in the largest series of Caucasian HSP patients ever assessed for genetic studies. METHODS: The study population was composed of 349 Spanish patients diagnosed with HSP fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology and the Michel et al. classification criteria, and 335 sex and ethnically matched controls. HLA-B phenotypes were determined by sequencing-based typing (SBT) and analyzed by chi-square or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase of HLA-B*41:02 allele in HSP patients when compared with controls was found (8.3% versus 1.5% respectively; P = 0.0001; OR (odds ratio) =5.76 [2.15-19.3]). These results remained statistically significant after adjusting for Bonferroni correction (P = 0.0028). An internal validation also confirmed the susceptibility effect on HSP associated with HLA-B*41:02 (OR = 5.70 [1.98-16.44]). Since a former study described an association between HLA-DRB1*01:03 and HSP susceptibility, we also evaluated the implication of HLA-B*41:02 independently of HLA-DRB1*01:03. Interestingly, the association remained statistically significant (P = 0.0004, OR = 4.97 [1.8-16.9]). No HLA-B association with specific HSP clinical features was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that HLA-B*41:02 is associated with the susceptibility to HSP in Spanish patients irrespective of HLA-DRB1 status.This study was supported by a grant from ‘Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias’ PI12/00193 (Spain). RLM is a recipient of a Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III at the Spanish Ministry of Health (Spain) (CD12/00425). FG and BU are supported by funds from the RETICS Program (RIER) (RD12/0009/0013).Ye

Body mass index and disease activity in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: results of the Cardiovascular in Rheumatology (Carma) Project

Objective: Since obesity has been associated with a higher inflammatory burden and worse response to therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD), we aimed to confirm the potential association between body mass index (BMI) and disease activity in a large series of patients with CIRDs included in the Spanish CARdiovascular in rheuMAtology (CARMA) registry. Methods: Baseline data analysis of patients included from the CARMA project, a 10-year prospective study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) attending outpatient rheumatology clinics from 67 Spanish hospitals. Obesity was defined when BMI (kg/m2) was >30 according to the WHO criteria. Scores used to evaluate disease activity were Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) in RA, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) in AS, and modified DAS for PsA. Results: Data from 2234 patients (775 RA, 738 AS, and 721 PsA) were assessed. The mean ± SD BMI at the baseline visit were: 26.9 ± 4.8 in RA, 27.4 ± 4.4 in AS, and 28.2 ± 4.7 in PsA. A positive association between BMI and disease activity in patients with RA (β = 0.029; 95%CI (0.01- 0.05); p = 0.007) and PsA (β = 0.036; 95%CI (0.015-0.058); p = 0.001) but not in those with AS (β = 0.001; 95%CI (-0.03-0.03); p = 0.926) was found. Disease activity was associated with female sex and rheumatoid factor in RA and with Psoriasis Area Severity Index and enthesitis in PsA. Conclusions: BMI is associated with disease activity in RA and PsA, but not in AS. Given that obesity is a potentially modifiable factor, adequate control of body weight can improve the outcome of patients with CIRD and, therefore, weight control should be included in the management strategy of these patients

Glycation potentiates α-synuclein-associated neurodegeneration in synucleinopathies

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