Estimulación del lenguaje en TEA: propuesta de intervención para mejorar la pragmática

Con el presente proyecto se expone una base teórica del Trastorno del Espectro Autista para dar a conocer de forma precisa los rasgos específicos de este Trastorno y cuáles son sus principales afecciones a nivel pragmático. Seguidamente, se elabora una propuesta de intervención con el objetivo principal de mejorar el lenguaje y la comunicación en el ámbito de la Pragmática. Finalmente, se exponen diferentes sesiones las cuales cuentan con una serie de actividades y juegos utilizando como metodología fundamental la gamificación para fomentar la motivación y el interés por el aprendizaje a favor de un desarrollo completo y significativo.With this project, a theoretical basis of Autism Spectrum Disorder is presented. It aims to make known in a precise way the specific features of this disorder, and which are its main conditions at a pragmatic level. Subsequently, an intervention proposal is drawn up with the principal objective of improving language and communication in the field of Pragmatics. Lastly, different sessions are exposed, which have a series of activities and games using as a fundamental methodology the gamification to encourage motivation and interest for learning in favour of a complete and significant development.Departamento de PsicologíaGrado en Educación Primari

Blood donation attitudes and knowledge in Spanish undergraduates with roles in health-education

Recent investigations highlight how important it is to identify the key factors involved in the design of strategies to promote blood donation among undergraduates as a public health concern. The study aims to investigate attitudes and knowledge towards blood donation in university students with health education roles and examine the way sociodemographic and educational characteristics play a part in it. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and multi-center design was used. A structured questionnaire was answered by 1128 Spanish university students (Schools of Health Sciences and Education Sciences). Results: The knowledge test indicated a low score (M = 4.2 out of 10), being Me = 3.00 in the case of Education Sciences and Me = 5.00 in Health Sciences students. The greatest degree of importance is found in the “external incentives” dimension (M = 3.7 out of 5). Health science students and participants with relatives who needed a donation showed fewer “fears” (p ≤ 0.001) and “pretexts” (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The low knowledge score stresses the need to develop valuable health education-related strategies in the curriculum of studies related with health education; showing room for improvement particularly in Education Science students. Health education interventions aimed at increasing donors in the university environment should be designed while considering differences among undergraduates. Based on their better attitudes, health science students might play a relevant role in promoting blood donationS

THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN BRAZIL AND THE INTERNET PRIVACY RIGHTS IN REGULATING PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION

The Brazilian Constitution, Article 5, paragraph X, ensure the inviolability of privacy, intimacy and honour as a fundamental right. The Brazilian Internet Bill of Rights, called ‘Marco Civil da Internet’, instituted in Brazil diversity of principles and parameters for regulation of internet in the country. The existence of the gap in the Brazilian legal system, around laws and infrastructure for the effective guarantee to the right to data protection on the Internet, as identified in other countries, coupled with the absence of specific conceptual precision to privacy on the internet, justifies the adoption in this research, the innovative concept of ‘Internet Privacy Rights’, based on Bernal (2014), composed of four rights-based: a right to roam the internet with privacy; a right to monitor those who monitor us; a right to delete personal data; a right to an online identity. This research has the overall objective to propose a conceptual incorporation, explicit and expressed, of Internet Privacy Rights as one of the pillars to ensure greater extent on the effectiveness of the fundamental right to privacy, particularly in Brazilian process of creation of laws, related to the protection of personal data on the internet. This research uses the methods of comparative and historical procedure in order to establish relationships and analysis within the historicity linked to aspects of the internet and Law, the evolution of fundamental rights to the effective recognition of privacy as a right. The research uses the hypothetical-deductive method of approach, with theoretical evidence, ranging from general aspects to the most specific, building the theoretical framework that allowed and confirm or refute the preliminary hypotheses and presented as the problem solving possibilities. The type of developed research was qualitative and exploratory nature, associated with the technical of review and literature analysis, covering the query varied references, allowed the construction of the results presented in the research, particularly the proposed conceptual incorporation. The study concludes that the express reception of Internet Privacy Rights by the laws that deal and also will address related topics in Brazil, especially those which regulate or will regulate the protection of personal data in the country, allows the recovery of the core of the fundamental right to privacy that, according to the theories presented in this research, only the protection of private life, honour, intimacy and image are considered. The research embodies a theoretical and conceptual construction to support the premise that the Internet Privacy Rights are included in the core of the fundamental right to privacy, which is why they deserve the explicit and express incorporation into legal rules, that in one imminent way, will regulate, in the context of the Internet, the fundamental right to privacy and protection of personal data in Brazil

SITUAÇÕES DE VULNERABILIDADES EM SAÚDE VIVENCIADAS POR TRABALHADORAS SEXUAIS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19

Objetivo: refletir sobre as situações de vulnerabilidades em saúde vivenciadas por trabalhadoras sexuais durante a pandemia decorrente da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Método: trata-se de estudo reflexivo, fundamentado no referencial teórico conceitual da vulnerabilidade em quatro dimensões: ontológica, epidemiológica, simbólica e político-programática. Resultado: a saúde das profissionais do sexo, na experiência cotidiana do trabalho sexual, tem sido um desafio para os governos entre todos os grupos associados a estigmas e populações vulneráveis, justamente por serem marginalizados socialmente. Isso se configura como importante para a compreensão desse fenômeno em meio à crise financeira, econômica e de saúde que pessoas de diferentes nações sofrem diante do progresso da SARS-CoV-2. Conclusão: as situações de vulnerabilidade em saúde decorrente da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 que expõem as profissionais do sexo são consolidadas, principalmente, pela ausência do Estado na proteção sócio legal e na garantia dos direitos humanos, para que essas mulheres adquiram condições de enfrentamento e prevenção.Descritores: Trabalhadoras Sexuais. COVID-19. Coronavírus. Vulnerabilidade em Saúde. Populações Vulneráveis

Attitudes and knowledge in blood donation among nursing students: a cross-sectional study in Spain and Portugal

Background: Blood donors are key in meeting the ever-increasing blood requirements worldwide. The Spanish and Portuguese donation systems are based on altruism and voluntariness. However, nursing students may not be fully aware of the importance of this social responsibility and their professional skills in this field. Objectives: This study aimed to identify differences regarding attitudes towards and knowledge about blood donation among Spanish and Portuguese undergraduate Nursing students (1st to 8th semester), as well as to analyse how different variables account for them. Design: A multicentre cross-sectional study was carried out. Participants/settings: The participants of the study were 1038 nursing students from four Schools of Nursing in two countries, Spain and Portugal. Methods: The web-based CADS-19 questionnaire to measure attitudes and knowledge was used during the academic years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Additionally, sociodemographic data were collected. Results: The mean knowledge score was 3.079 out of 10 (SD = 1.429). The level of knowledge differed significantly by gender, where females scored higher, along with older students and previous donors. The highest mean attitude score corresponded to the “external incentives” dimension, significant differences were found between countries. In barriers and incentives, some differences were found depending on gender or sexual orientation, among others, with slightly better attitudes in Spanish participants. Conclusions: The level of knowledge was lower than expected, considering participants were nursing students. The attitude's comparative analysis between both countries showed significant differences, especially in the pretext dimension. As for greater donation rates found in Spanish students, nurse-led international partnerships could be designed to enhance health literacy and sensitivity among nursing undergraduates. Interventions should focus on specific theoretical and practical training programs and educative actions should contribute to a greater awareness, motivation, and sensitise students to blood donationS

Sociodemographic profile and description of the presenting symptom in women with breast cancer in a population-based study: Implications and role for nurses

Describir la frecuencia y tipología del síntoma de presentación de las mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama en España así como su perfil sociodemográfico. Estudio descriptivo anidado en un estudio epidemiológico poblacional (MCC-SPAIN) en 10 provincias españolas. Entre 2008 y 2012 se reclutaron 836 casos histológicamente confirmados de cáncer de mama que refirieron algún síntoma previo al diagnóstico en entrevista directa informatizada. Para la comparación de 2 variables discretas se empleó el test de la Chi cuadrado de Pearson. El síntoma de presentación más frecuente entre las mujeres que refirieron como mínimo un síntoma fue notarse un bulto en la mama (73%), seguido de lejos por notar cambios en la mama (11%). Se observó heterogeneidad en la frecuencia del síntoma de presentación a nivel geográfico, y con estado menopáusico. No se observó asociación entre tipo de síntoma de presentación y el resto de variables sociodemográficas exploradas, salvo para nivel de estudios donde las mujeres con un nivel de estudios mayor tendieron a reportar proporcionalmente otros síntomas diferentes al nódulo en la mama con mayor frecuencia que las mujeres con menos estudios. Las mujeres posmenopáusicas refirieron notar cambios en la mama (13%) con mayor frecuencia que las mujeres premenopáusicas (8%), aunque sin llegar a la significación estadística (p = 0,056). El síntoma de presentación más frecuente es la aparición de un «bulto en la mama», seguido por «cambios en la mama». Podría existir heterogeneidad sociodemográfica del tipo de síntoma de presentación a tener en cuenta por las enfermeras en sus intervenciones socio-sanitariasTo describe the frequency and typology of the presenting symptom of women diagnosed of breast cancer in Spain and their socio-demographic profile. Descriptive study nested in a population epidemiological study (MCC-SPAIN) in 10 Spanish provinces. Between 2008 and 2012, 836 histologically confirmed incident cases of breast cancer were recruited who reported some symptom prior to diagnosis in a direct computerized interview. For the comparison of 2 discrete variables, the Pearson Chi square test was used. The most frequent presenting symptom among women who reported at least one symptom was noticing a «lump in the breast» (73%), followed far behind by noticing «changes in the breast» (11%). The frequency of the presenting symptom showed some geographic heterogeneity as well as with menopausal status. No association was observed between the type of presenting symptom and the rest of the sociodemographic variables explored, except for the educational level in which women with a higher educational level tended to proportionally report other symptoms different from the «lump in the breast» more frequently than less educated. Postmenopausal women reported noticing changes in the breast (13%) more frequently than premenopausal women (8%), although without reaching statistical significance (P = .056). The most frequent presenting symptom is «breast lump», followed by «breast changes». There could be sociodemographic heterogeneity in the type of presenting symptom to be taken into account by nurses in their socio-sanitary interventionsEl estudio fue financiado por las subvenciones PI12/00150 y PI17CIII/00034 del Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER-Una manera de construir Europa, así como por la «Acción transversal del cáncer», aprobada por el Ministerio de Ciencia el 11 de octubre de 2007, y por otras ayudas competitivas del Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI09/00773, PI09/01286, PI09/01903, PI09/02078, PI09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI14/01219, PI14/0613, PI15/00069, PI17/02286), de la Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API10/09), de la Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (2009-S0143), de la Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias y por la Universidad de Oviedo, por la Agencia de Gestión de Ayudas Universitarias y de Investigación (AGAUR) de Beca de la Generalitat de Catalunya 2017SGR723, de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) Fundación Científica beca GCTRA18022MORE. Universidad de Huelva. Junta de Andalucía (Fondos FEDER) UHU-20207

Safflower oil: an integrated assessment of phytochemistry, antiulcerogenic activity, and rodent and environmental toxicity

Gastric ulcers are a significant medical problem and the development of complications lead to significant mortality rates worldwide. In Brazil, Carthamus tinctorius L., Asteraceae, seeds essential oil, the safflower oil, is currently used as a thermogenic compound and as treatment for problems related to the cardiovascular system. In this study, by Raman spectroscopy, it was shown that oleic and linoleic acids are the compounds present in higher concentrations in the safflower oil. We demonstrated that safflower oil (750 mg/kg, p.o.) decrease the ulcerogenic lesions in mice after the administration of hydrochloric acid-ethanol. The gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in mice treated with cholinomimetics were treated with four different doses of safflower oil, of which, the dose of 187.5 mg/kg (p.o.) showed significant antiulcerogenic properties (**p < 0.01). Moreover, the safflower oil at doses of 187.5 mg/kg (i.d.) increased the pH levels, gastric volume (**p < 0.01) and gastric mucus production (***p < 0.001), and decreased the total gastric acid secretion (***p < 0.001). The acute toxicity tests showed that safflower oil (5.000 mg/kg, p.o.) had no effect on mortality or any other physiological parameter. Ecotoxicological tests performed using Daphnia similis showed an EC50 at 223.17 mg/l, and therefore safflower oil can be considered “non-toxic” based on the directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances by European legislation. These results indicate that the antiulcer activity of Safflower oil may be due to cytoprotective effects, which serve as support for new scientific studies related to this pathology.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Santa Cecília Programa de Pós-graduação em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos NaturaisUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica Laboratório de Produtos NaturaisUniversidade Santa Cecília Laboratório de EcotoxicologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto do MarUniversidade Camilo Castelo Branco Instituto de Engenharia BiomédicaUNIFESP, Instituto do MarFAPESP: 2009/01788-5SciEL

Entre dinheiro, autoestima e ato sexual: representações sociais da satisfação sexual para trabalhadoras sexuais

Objetivo: Analisar a centralidade na estrutura das representações sociais elaboradas por trabalhadoras sexuais sobre satisfação sexual. Método: Estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na abordagem estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Realizado com 69 prostitutas da região do Alto Sertão Produtivo Baiano. Utilizou-se um roteiro para aplicação do Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras e Entrevista em Profundidade, cujas respostas foram analisadas com o auxílio dos softwares EVOC e IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: A centralidade representacional das trabalhadoras sexuais sobre satisfação sexual está estruturada nos termos dinheiro e satisfação, esse último como sinônimo de prazer. Tais termos revelaram três dimensões representacionais transversais: autoestima, ato sexual e financeira. Assim, as representações sociais sobre satisfação sexual estiveram centradas na satisfação financeira e sexual. Conclusão: As representações permitem sugerir que enfermeiras repensem suas práticas de cuidado dispensadas às trabalhadoras sexuais, para além da prevenção de agravos, focando nos aspectos subjetivos da sexualidade, que é uma necessidade humana básica

Saúde mental de trabalhadoras sexuais na pandemia da COVID-19: agentes estressores e estratégias de coping

The objective was to analyze the coping strategies adopted by female sex workers for stressors resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive, qualitative study, supported by the theories of Systems and Coping. An in-depth interview was conducted with 30 female sex workers, from Alto Sertão Produtivo Baiano, during the months of September and October 2020. The narratives were submitted to the resources of the hermeneutics-dialectic to organize the categories. Four categories refer to the stressors of the system: negative feelings of fear, anxiety and difficulties sleeping with the uncertainties facing the pandemic; concern with the support of family members; irritability in the face of conflicts; anguish and insecurity with working conditions. Five categories allude to coping: focus on the problem (pandemic); reframing and regulation of emotions; spirituality and religiosity; support and social support networks; substance and medication use. The stressors arise as a result of the experiences of the sexual service combined with the pandemic situation with the evasion of clients and income, developing negative feelings and emotions. However, coping strategies are diverse and an attempt to deal with problems and balance mental health.Objetivou-se analisar as estratégias de coping adotadas por trabalhadoras sexuais para os agentes estressores decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19. Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, apoiado nas teorias do Sistemas e Coping. Realizou-se entrevista em profundidade com 30 trabalhadoras sexuais, do Alto Sertão Produtivo Baiano, durante os meses de setembro e outubro de 2020. As narrativas foram submetidas aos recursos da hermenêutica-dialética para organização das categorias. Quatro categorias remetem aos agentes estressores do sistema: sentimentos negativos de medo, ansiedade e dificuldades de dormir com as incertezas diante da pandemia; preocupação com o sustento dos familiares; irritabilidade diante de conflitos; angústias e inseguranças com as condições de trabalho. Cinco categorias fazem alusão ao coping: focam no problema (pandemia); ressignificação e regulação de emoções; espiritualidade e religiosidade; redes de apoio e suporte social; uso de substâncias e medicamentos. Os estressores surgem em decorrência das vivências do serviço sexual aliadas a situação pandêmica com a evasão dos clientes e da renda, desenvolvendo sentimentos e emoções negativas. Entretanto, as estratégias de coping são diversas e uma tentativa de lidar com os problemas e equilibrar a saúde mental

ESPIRITUALIDAD Y RELIGIOSIDAD EN LA ATENCIÓN DE SALUD: REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA

Objective: describe how health, spirituality and religiosity are discussed in Brazilian scientificpublications.Method: integrative literature review of the period between 2011 and 2016, developed inthe Virtual Health Library in November 2017, using the descriptors: “Health”, “Spirituality”,“Religiosity”.Results: for the analysis, according to the established inclusion criteria, 30 articles were selectedand four categories were identified: Concepts and conceptions of religiosity and spirituality;Religiosity and spirituality as strategies to cope with disease; Need for spiritual support;and Lack of professional preparation. The relevance of the spiritual dimension in care wasverified, as well as the need to comprehensively consider all dimensions of the human being:biopsychic, spiritual and social.Conclusion: studies were found that suggest that some religious practices are capable ofoffering both positive and negative aspects in the physical and mental health of their practitioners.Objetivo: descrever como a saúde, espiritualidade e religiosidade são abordadas nas publicações científicas nacionais.Método: revisão integrativa de literatura no período entre 2011 e 2016, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde em novembro de 2017, utilizando os descritores: “Saúde”, “Espiritualidade”, “Religiosidade”.Resultados: para a análise, segundo os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos, foram selecionados 30 artigos e identificadas quatro categorias: Conceitos e concepções de religiosidade e espiritualidade; Religiosidade e espiritualidade como estratégias de enfrentamento da doença; Necessidade de suporte espiritual; e Falta de preparo profissional. Verificou-se a relevância da dimensão espiritual na assistência e a necessidade de integralizar todas as dimensões do ser humano: biopsíquica, espiritual e social.Conclusão: foram encontrados estudos que sugerem que algumas práticas religiosas são capazes de proporcionar tanto aspectos positivos quanto negativos na saúde física e mental dos seus praticantes.Objetivo: Describir de qué manera la salud, la espiritualidad y la religiosidad son abordadasen las publicaciones científicas nacionales.Método: Revisión integrativa de literatura abarcando período de 2011 a 2016, realizada en laBiblioteca Virtual en Salud en noviembre de 2017, utilizando los descriptores “Saúde”, “Espiritualidade”y “Religiosidade”.Resultados: Para el análisis, conforme los criterios establecidos, fueron seleccionados 30artículos, y se identificaron cuatro categorías: Conceptos y concepciones de religiosidad yespiritualidad; Religiosidad y espiritualidad como estrategias para el enfrentamiento de laenfermedad; Necesidad de apoyo espiritual; y Falta de preparación profesional. Se verificóla relevancia de la dimensión espiritual en la atención y la necesidad de integrar todas lasdimensiones del ser humano: biopsíquica, espiritual y social.Conclusión: Fueron encontrados estudios que sugieren que algunas prácticas religiosas tienenla capacidad de brindar tanto aspectos positivos como negativos para la salud física ymental de quienes las practican