Os recursos da arteterapia na abordagem gestáltica com crianças

O presente trabalho versa sobre a inclusão da arte como mais um recurso de auto-expressão no contexto da terapia infantil dentro da abordagem gestáltica. Este tipo de recurso enriquece o processo terapêutico, mobiliza a criança e facilita o contato tanto do terapeuta com a criança quanto da criança com ela mesma, trazendo para o primeiro plano da consciência os conteúdos que estavam como fundo, promovendo mudanças perceptivas, o que permite a criação de novas formas de lidar com seus problemas e com o mundo. A arte e sua função terapêutica, as abordagens psicoterápicas, a arteterapia e sua aplicação com crianças, a Gestalt Terapia, sua afinidade com a arte e também sua aplicabilidade com crianças são temas desenvolvidos ao longo deste trabalho, para que se possa, finalmente, discorrer sobre a utilização pela abordagem gestáltica de recursos de arteterapia na clínica infantil

Body image in women with HIV: a cross-sectional evaluation

BACKGROUND: HIV lipodystrophy syndrome is a recognized complication of potent antiretroviral therapy and is characterized by often dramatic changes in various body fat stores, both central and peripheral. Given prior findings of heightened body image dysphoria among HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy as compared to HIV-infected men without lipodystrophy, we sought to determine body image among HIV-infected and HIV-negative women and to determine the relationship of HIV and lipodystrophy with body image. Our a priori hypothesis was that women with HIV and lipodystrophy would have significantly poorer body image as compared to women without HIV and to women with HIV without lipodystrophy. RESULTS: 116 women responded to two previously validated self-report instruments (Body Image Quality of Life Index (BIQLI) and the Situational Inventory of Body-Image Dysphoria – Short Form (SIBID-S)) on body image. 62 (53% subjects) HIV-infected women were recruited at the university-based HIV clinic. 54 (47% subjects) HIV-negative female controls were recruited from another study evaluating bone density in otherwise healthy controls. 96% identified their sexual orientation as women having sex with men. Among the HIV-infected group, 36 reported the presence of lipodystrophic characteristics and 26 reported no lipodystrophic changes. Agreement regarding the presence of lipodystrophy between physician and subject was 0.67 as measured by the kappa coefficient of agreement. Compared to HIV-negative women, HIV-positive women demonstrated poor body image as measured by BIQLI (p = 0.0009). Compared with HIV-infected women who denied lipodystrophy, HIV-infected women with self-reported lipodystrophy demonstrated poor body image as measured by BIQLI (p = 0.02) and SIBID-S scales (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that HIV and lipodystrophy status among women is associated with poor body image. Universal efforts should be made in the HIV medical community to recognize body image issues particularly among persons affected by lipodystrophy so that appropriate intervention and support may be provided

Developing Resilience Online: Evaluation of Synchronous and Asynchronous Resilience Interventions for Filipino College Students

This study evaluated two forms of a resilience intervention amongst college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilising a randomised controlled trial design; it examined the impact of a synchronous and asynchronous resilience interventions versus a control group that did a journaling intervention. Outcomes measured included coping behaviour; non-reactivity; wellbeing; stress; depression and anxiety. Participants consisted of Filipino college students randomly assigned to three groups: synchronous online resilience group (n = 135); asynchronous resilience group (n = 121) and control group (n = 127). Results revealed that students who went through the online synchronous resilience reported a significant reduction in depression at post-intervention compared to those who went through an asynchronous intervention. Post-intervention scores for nonreactivity were also higher in the synchronous group compared to both asynchronous and journaling groups. Effect sizes were small to moderate. This study suggests that online resilience interventions are viable means to address the mental health needs of students; especially in countries with limited mental health resources

Poloxamer-based Binary Hydrogels For Delivering Tramadol Hydrochloride: Sol-gel Transition Studies, Dissolution-release Kinetics, In Vitro Toxicity, And Pharmacological Evaluation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In this work, poloxamer (PL)-based binary hydrogels, composed of PL 407 and PL 188, were studied with regard to the physicochemical aspects of sol-gel transition and pharmaceutical formulation issues such as dissolution-release profiles. In particular, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and in vivo pharmacological performance of PL 407 and PL 407-PL 188 hydrogels containing tramadol (TR) to analyze its potential treatment of acute pain. Drug-micelle interaction studies showed the formation of PL 407-PL 188 binary systems and the drug partitioning into the micelles. Characterization of the sol-gel transition phase showed an increase on enthalpy variation values that were induced by the presence of TR hydrochloride within the PL 407 or PL 407-PL 188 systems. Hydrogel dissolution occurred rapidly, with approximately 30%-45% of the gel dissolved, reaching similar to 80%-90% up to 24 hours. For in vitro release assays, formulations followed the diffusion Higuchi model and lower K-rel values were observed for PL 407 (20%, K-rel = 112.9 +/- 10.6 mu g . h(-1/2)) and its binary systems PL 407-PL 188 (25%-5% and 25%-10%, K-rel = 80.8 +/- 6.1 and 103.4 +/- 8.3 mu g.h(-1/2), respectively) in relation to TR solution (K-rel = 417.9 +/- 47.5 mu g.h(-1/2), P72 hours) pointed to PL-based hydrogels as a potential treatment, by subcutaneous injection, for acute pain.1023912401Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [2006/00121-9, 2010/11475-1, 2010/13088-5]CNPq [487619/2012-9, 300952/2010-4, 309612/2013-6

Sais, uma pitada de química: uma proposta didática de ensino e aprendizagem significativa

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Current stage of development of GTL technology and perspectives for Brazil

Although the production of liquid fuels from coal, natural gas (CTL and GTL processes) and other carbon sources has been discovered 90 years ago, the interest was renewed in the last years motivated by stranded gas reserves and by petroleum market instability. This review intends to show the scenario of these technologies nowadays, discussing the applied technologies, the steps in an industrial plant, the ways to produce syngas and liquid fuels, the catalysts used, the type of reactors and the operating plants with their respective capacities, besides the technical, economical and environmental viability, challenges and perspectives for Brazil

Avaliação da contaminação cruzada por Acinetobacter spp. em uma unidade de terapia intensiva

Background and Objectives: The clinical relevance of Healthcare Associated Infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. and the confirmation of the existence of strains with multi-resistance in the hospital environment show the need to know better the epidemiology of these infections, in order to help the implantation of more effective measures of prevention and control of this pathogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic diversity and the sensitivity profile of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from inpatients, hands of professionals and inanimate surfaces in an Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in the southeast region of the state of Pará. Methods: The professionals’ hands and surfaces were collected using swabs moistened in sterile saline and rubbed by rolling. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics techniques using absolute and percentage distributions. Results: Of the 163 samples collected, 87 (53.4%) came from the surfaces, 47 (28.8%) from the patients and 29 (17.8%) from the hands of professionals. Growth of Gram-negative bacteria was observed in 28%, being Acinetobacter baumannii the most prevalent strain, present in the clinical isolates of patients and on the surfaces after the cleaning process. A. baumannii was resistant to all antimicrobials tested. Conclusion: A. baumannii was the only species of the genus Acinetobacter to be found, being such strains resistant to all antibiotics tested.Justificación y Objetivos: La relevancia clínica de las infecciones relacionadas con el cuidado de la salud ocasionadas por el Acinetobacter spp. y la confirmación de la existencia de cepas con multirresistencia en el medio hospitalario implican la necesidad de conocer mejor la epidemiología de esas infecciones, a fin de auxiliar en la implantación de medidas más efectivas de prevención y control de este patógeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la diversidad fenotípica y el perfil de sensibilidad de Acinetobacter spp. aislados de pacientes hospitalizados, de las manos de profesionales y de superficies inanimadas en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital público en la región sureste del estado de Pará. Métodos: Las colectas de las superficies y de las manos de los profesionales se realizaron utilizando hisopos humedecidos en suero fisiológico estéril y frotados por medio de rodamiento. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante técnicas de estadística descriptiva utilizando distribuciones absolutas y porcentuales. Resultados: De las 163 muestras recogidas, 87 (53,4%) fueron de las superficies, 47 (28,8%) de los pacientes y 29 (17,8%) de las manos de los profesionales. El crecimiento de bacterias Gram-negativas se observó en el 28,0%, siendo Acinetobacter baumannii la cepa más prevalente en los aislados clínicos de los pacientes y en las superficies después del proceso de limpieza. A. baumannii fue resistente a todos los antimicrobianos probados. Conclusiones: El A. baumannii fue la única especie del género Acinetobacter encontrada, siendo tales cepas resistentes a todos los antibióticos probados.Justificativa e objetivo: A relevância clínica das IRAS ocasionadas pelo Acinetobacter spp. e a confirmação da existência de cepas com multirresistência no meio hospitalar, mostram a necessidade de se conhecer melhor a epidemiologia dessas infecções, a fim de auxiliar a implantação de medidas mais efetivas de prevenção e controle deste patógeno. Objetivou-se avaliar a diversidade fenotípica e o perfil de sensibilidade de Acinetobacter spp. isolados de pacientes internados, mãos de profissionais e superfícies inanimadas em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público da região sudeste do Estado do Pará. Métodos: Para análise dos dados, foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva por meio de distribuições absolutas e percentuais. Resultados: Das 163 amostras coletadas, 87 (53,4%) foram das superfícies, 47 (28,8%) dos pacientes e 29 (17,8%) das mãos dos profissionais. Em 28,0% observou-se o crescimento de bactérias Gram-negativo, sendo o Acinetobacter baumannii a cepa mais prevalente, estando presente nos isolados clínicos de pacientes e nas superfícies após o processo de limpeza. O A. baumannii apresentou-se resistente a todos os antimicrobianos testados. Conclusão: Faz-se necessária a reavaliação de alguns processos utilizados dentro da unidade, principalmente os relacionados à técnica exercida para higienização do ambiente e o conhecimento dos profissionais. Acredita-se que diversos fatores contribuem para a disseminação de microrganismos nos ambientes assistenciais, porém, o conhecimento dos mecanismos de transmissão que ocasionam infecções, aliados à ampliação dos recursos diagnósticos laboratoriais, definem medidas objetivas para o seu controle

PCA3 molecular urine assay for prostate cancer: association with pathologic features and impact of collection protocols

IntroductionPCA3 is a non-coding mRNA molecule that is overexpressed in prostate cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of the PCA3 molecular urine test scores to predict adverse pathologic features and catheterized specimen collection.MethodsHundred men with clinically localized prostate cancer scheduled to undergo robotic prostatectomy were enrolled in the study following a standard consent process. The study protocol consisted of providing four urine samples. Voided urine obtained following digital rectal examination (DRE) pre-operatively (Vl), catheterized urine without DRE (V2), and l0-day and 6-week postoperative voided (V3 and V4) urine samples were collected and analyzed. These four urine specimens underwent target capture, transcription-mediated amplification, and hybridization in order to quantify both PCA3 and PSA mRNA. The PCA3 score was calculated as the ratio of PCA3 to PSA.ResultsInformative rates (sufficient mRNA for analysis) for VI, V2, V3 and V4 were 91, 85, 0 and 2%, respectively. There was no significant associations with pathological stage, Gleason score >6. Higher PCA3 scores at V1 correlated with increased risk for perineural invasion (P = 0.0479).ConclusionsInformative PCA3 scores can be obtained from post-DRE voided urine as well as catheterized urine without a DRE. The PCA3 test does not seem to predict adverse pathologic features, though, may have an association with perineural invasion. The ability of PCA3 score to predict clinical outcome remains to be determined

Citogenotoxicidade e mutagenicidade do sulfato de cobre em diferentes variedades de allium cepa linn / Cytogenotoxicity and mutagenicity of copper sulphate in different varieties of allium cea linn

O sistema Allium cepa Linn. é utilizado na avaliação dos efeitos deletérios aos cromossomos. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o efeito citogenotóxico e mutagênico do sulfato de cobre nas variedades de cebola, Red creole, White creole e Texas early. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em placas de Petri em água destilada (controle) e sulfato de cobre 0,006 g/L (tratado). Após a germinação procedeu-se a coleta do meristema radicular com fixação em Carnoy. Foram contadas 5000 células por grupo. A citogenotoxicidade foi avaliada pelo cálculo do índice mitótico e a avaliação mutagênica pelas alterações cromossômicas (micronúcleos, brotos, perdas e quebras cromossômicas). Diferenças significativas foram registradas no grupo controle entre as variedades Red creole e Texas early e entre as variedades Texas early e White creole. As variedades analisadas sofreram de forma significativa a ação agressiva do sulfato de cobre, que agiu de forma diferenciada entre as variedades analisadas. Pode-se concluir que a variedade Red creole demonstrou ser a mais resistente enquanto a White creole e a Texas early as mais sensíveis. Os resultados devem ser avaliados com cautela uma vez que podem implicar, dependendo da variedade escolhida, em respostas tendenciosas para refutar ou confirmar uma ação de um suposto agente estudado.