Just preservation

We are failing to protect the biosphere. Novel views of conservation, preservation, and sustainability are surfacing in the wake of consensus about our failures to prevent extinction or slow climate change. We argue that the interests and well-being of non-humans, youth, and future generations of both human and non-human beings (futurity) have too long been ignored in consensus-based, anthropocentric conservation. Consensus-based stakeholder-driven processes disadvantage those absent or without a voice and allow current adult humans and narrow, exploitative interests to dominate decisions about the use of nature over its preservation for futurity of all life. We propose that authentically non-anthropocentric worldviews that incorporate multispecies justice are needed for a legitimate, deliberative, and truly democratic process of adjudication between competing interests in balancing the preservation and use of nature. Legitimate arenas for such adjudication would be courts that can defend intergenerational equity, which is envisioned by many nations\u27 constitutions, and can consider current and future generations of non-human life. We urge practitioners and scholars to disavow implicit anthropocentric value judgments in their work – or make these transparent and explicit – and embrace a more comprehensive worldview that grants future life on earth fair representation in humanity\u27s decisions and actions today

Highly informative SSR genotyping reveals large genetic diversity and limited differentiation in European larch (Larix decidua) populations from Romania

[EN] European larch (Larix decidua) is naturally distributed at high elevations in Central Europe. Romanian populations of L. decidua are scattered in different areas of the country. In this study, we used 12 highly informative genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for genotyping seven populations from different areas of Romania. The SSR markers were highly variable, with up to 11 alleles per SSR locus and an average polymorphic information content of 0.713. High values of observed (Ho = 0.542) and expected (He = 0.738) heterozygosities were observed. Cluster analysis of populations did not group them according to geographical distance, but some clusters contained populations from a similar altitudinal range. The partition of genetic variation revealed that two-thirds of the genetic variation was found within individuals (due to high Ho levels), while only one-sixth of the total genetic variation corresponded to variation among populations. A population structure analysis identified four genetic clusters, and in most cases individuals from a single population were assigned to several genetic clusters. Multivariate principal coordinates analysis confirmed the population structure analysis. SSR markers are a powerful tool for evaluating diversity, relationships, and the genetic structure of Romanian L. decidua populations, which have high levels of diversity and low genetic structurationPietro Gramazio is grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a predoctoral contract (Programa FPI de la UPV-Subprograma 1/2013 call). Ioana M Plesa is grateful to the Doctoral School of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca and ICHAT - Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, for their support. Mariola Plazas is grateful to Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for a post doctoral grant within the Juan de la Cierva programme (FCJI-2015-24835).Gramazio, P.; Plesa, IM.; Truta, AM.; Sestras, AF.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Vicente, O.... (2018). Highly informative SSR genotyping reveals large genetic diversity and limited differentiation in European larch (Larix decidua) populations from Romania. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 42(3):165-175. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1801-41S16517542

Genetic Relationships and Reproductive Traits of Romanian Populations of Silver Fir (Abies alba): Implications for the Sustainable Management of Local Populations

[EN] Assessment of the diversity of reproductive traits and genetic variation is of great relevance to the conservation of genetic resources and management of silver fir (Abies alba) populations. We have evaluated reproductive characteristics associated with female cones and seed morphology, as well as seed germination after subjecting seeds to five storage methods, in nine Romanian populations of A. alba. The genetic diversity of the populations was assessed with 12 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We detected significant differences between populations for all reproductive traits and considerable differences in seed germination and storage methods; seed storage in wet sand was the method resulting in the highest germination in all populations. Genomic SSRs (gSSRs) were more informative on average than expressed sequence tag SSRs (EST-SSRs) in the populations studied. The nine populations were genetically diverse, with an average number of alleles (N) per SSR locus between 3.50 and 4.83. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) in the nine populations was always lower than the expected heterozygosity (He), which resulted in values of the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) between 0.261 and 0.709. Genetic distances between populations ranged between 0.077 and 0.410. The cluster analysis based on genetic distances did not group accessions according to their geographical proximity, and despite a positive trend, the correlation between geographic and genetic distances was non-significant. The results of an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that only 9.1% of the total molecular variance is attributable to differences between populations. This low degree of genetic differentiation between populations is confirmed by the intermingling of individuals of different populations in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). We found evidence of a positive relationship between He and germination, as well as a negative one between Fis and germination, suggesting that populations with low diversity and high consanguinity may have a reduced fitness and long-term viability. The results are relevant for the conservation and management of local genetic resources and populations, as well as for reforestation programmes of silver fir.The publication was supported by funds from the National Research Development Projects to Finance Excellence (PFE)-37/2018-2020 granted by the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation. The first author (I.M.T.M.) is thankful to UPV (Valencia) and the Erasmus+ mobility programme, financed by the European Commission, for her scholarship in UPV. The research was partially supported by the Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania (ICHAT), University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca (USAMVCN), and Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV). Mariola Plazas is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana and Fondo Social Europeo for a post-doctoral grant (APOSTD/2018/014).Todea Morar, IM.; Rensen, S.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Boscaiu, M.; Holonec, L.; Sestras, AF.; Vicente, O.... (2020). Genetic Relationships and Reproductive Traits of Romanian Populations of Silver Fir (Abies alba): Implications for the Sustainable Management of Local Populations. Sustainability. 12(10):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104199S1151210Dering, M., Sękiewicz, K., Boratyńska, K., Litkowiec, M., Iszkuło, G., Romo, A., & Boratyński, A. (2014). Genetic diversity and inter-specific relations of western Mediterranean relic Abies taxa as compared to the Iberian A. alba. 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Screening for Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Fir (Abies alba) Populations. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(4), 1063-1072. doi:10.15835/nbha47411348Schutz, J.-P. (2002). Silvicultural tools to develop irregular and diverse forest structures. Forestry, 75(4), 329-337. doi:10.1093/forestry/75.4.329PLESA, I., DAN, C., TRUȚA, A., HOLONEC, L., SESTRAS, A. F., BOSCAIU, M., & SESTRAS, R. E. (2017). Spruce Trees Growth and Forest Landscape Depending on Microstational Factors and Ecological Conditions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 9(4), 582-588. doi:10.15835/nsb9410217SESTRAS, P., BONDREA, M. V., CETEAN, H., SĂLĂGEAN, T., BILAŞCO, Ş., NAȘ, S., … CÎMPEANU, S. M. (2018). Ameliorative, Ecological and Landscape Roles of Făget Forest, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and Possibilities of Avoiding Risks Based on GIS Landslide Susceptibility Map. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 46(1), 292-300. doi:10.15835/nbha46110866Bončina, A., Simončič, T., & Rosset, C. (2019). 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E., & McEwan, J. C. (2004). Understanding the relationship between the inbreeding coefficient and multilocus heterozygosity: theoretical expectations and empirical data. Heredity, 93(3), 255-265. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800485Caudullo, G., Welk, E., & San-Miguel-Ayanz, J. (2017). Chorological maps for the main European woody species. Data in Brief, 12, 662-666. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2017.05.007HANSEN, O. K., VENDRAMIN, G. G., SEBASTIANI, F., & EDWARDS, K. J. (2005). Development of microsatellite markers in Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach and cross-species amplification in the Abies genus. Molecular Ecology Notes, 5(4), 784-787. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01062.xCREMER, E., LIEPELT, S., SEBASTIANI, F., BUONAMICI, A., MICHALCZYK, I. M., ZIEGENHAGEN, B., & VENDRAMIN, G. G. (2006). Identification and characterization of nuclear microsatellite loci in Abies alba Mill. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6(2), 374-376. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01238.xPeakall, R., & Smouse, P. E. (2012). 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Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics, 131(2), 479-491. doi:10.1093/genetics/131.2.479Verdú, M., & Traveset, A. (2005). EARLY EMERGENCE ENHANCES PLANT FITNESS: A PHYLOGENETICALLY CONTROLLED META-ANALYSIS. Ecology, 86(6), 1385-1394. doi:10.1890/04-1647Sorensen, F. C. (1999). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-FERTILITY, ALLOCATION OF GROWTH, AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN THREE CONIFEROUS SPECIES. Evolution, 53(2), 417-425. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03777.xRajora, O. P., & Mosseler, A. (2001). Euphytica, 118(2), 197-212. doi:10.1023/a:1004150525384Kaliniewicz, Z., Markowski, P., Anders, A., Jadwisieńczak, K., Żuk, Z., & Krzysiak, Z. (2019). Physical Properties of Seeds of Eleven Fir Species. Forests, 10(2), 142. doi:10.3390/f10020142Cremer, E., Ziegenhagen, B., Schulerowitz, K., Mengel, C., Donges, K., Bialozyt, R., … Liepelt, S. (2012). Local seed dispersal in European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.): lessons learned from a seed trap experiment. Trees, 26(3), 987-996. doi:10.1007/s00468-012-0676-9Carles, S., Lamhamedi, M. S., Beaulieu, J., Stowe, D. C., Colas, F., & Margolis, H. A. (2009). Genetic Variation in Seed Size and Germination Patterns and their Effect on White Spruce Seedling Characteristics. Silvae Genetica, 58(1-6), 152-161. doi:10.1515/sg-2009-0020Bussotti, F., Pollastrini, M., Holland, V., & Brüggemann, W. (2015). Functional traits and adaptive capacity of European forests to climate change. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 111, 91-113. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.11.006Teodosiu, M., Mihai, G., Fussi, B., & Ciocîrlan, E. (2019). Genetic diversity and structure of Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) at the south-eastern limit of its distribution range. Annals of Forest Research, 62(2), 139. doi:10.15287/afr.2019.1436Pandey, M. K., Gautami, B., Jayakumar, T., Sriswathi, M., Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, M. V. C., … Varshney, R. K. (2011). Highly informative genic and genomic SSR markers to facilitate molecular breeding in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Plant Breeding, 131(1), 139-147. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01911.xMartin, M. A., Mattioni, C., Cherubini, M., Taurchini, D., & Villani, F. (2010). Genetic diversity in European chestnut populations by means of genomic and genic microsatellite markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 6(5), 735-744. doi:10.1007/s11295-010-0287-9Muñoz-Falcón, J. E., Vilanova, S., Plazas, M., & Prohens, J. (2011). Diversity, relationships, and genetic fingerprinting of the Listada de Gandía eggplant landrace using genomic SSRs and EST-SSRs. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(2), 238-246. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.03.034Nandha, P. S., & Singh, J. (2013). Comparative assessment of genetic diversity between wild and cultivated barley using gSSR and EST-SSR markers. 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Influencia de la poda a tres y cuatro ramas en berenjena: respuesta fisiológica, productividad y calidad de frutos

La berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) se encuentra entre las hortalizas de fruto de mayor importancia, entre los cultivos en invernadero del cinturón hortícola platense. La poda es una práctica habitual en el cultivo en invernadero con el objetivo de mejorar la aireación de la planta y disminuir problemas por enfermedades criptogámicas o ataque de plagas, facilitando también las prácticas culturales, al eliminar masa foliar. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la poda a tres y cuatro ramas sobre parámetros fisiológicos y de rendimiento en un cultivo de berenjena conducido bajo invernadero.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Eculizumab in secondary atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Background. Complement dysregulation occurs in thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) other than primary atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). A few of these patients have been reported previously to be successfully treated with eculizumab. Methods. We identified 29 patients with so-called secondary aHUS who had received eculizumab at 11 Spanish nephrology centres. Primary outcome was TMA resolution, defined by a normalization of platelet count (>150 × 109/L) and haemoglobin, disappearance of all the markers of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA), and improvement of renal function, with a ≥25% reduction of serum creatinine from the onset of eculizumab administration. Results. Twenty-nine patients with secondary aHUS (15 drug-induced, 8 associated with systemic diseases, 2 with postpartum, 2 with cancer-related, 1 associated with acute humoral rejection and 1 with intestinal lymphangiectasia) were included in this study. The reason to initiate eculizumab treatment was worsening of renal function and persistence of TMA despite treatment of the TMA cause and plasmapheresis. All patients showed severe MAHA and renal function impairment (14 requiring dialysis) prior to eculizumab treatment and 11 presented severe extrarenal manifestations. A rapid resolution of the TMA was observed in 20 patients (68%), 15 of them showing a ≥50% serum creatinine reduction at the last follow-up. Comprehensive genetic and molecular studies in 22 patients identified complement pathogenic variants in only 2 patients. With these two exceptions, eculizumab was discontinued, after a median of 8 weeks of treatment, without the occurrence of aHUS relapses. Conclusion. Short treatment with eculizumab can result in a rapid improvement of patients with secondary aHUS in whom TMA has persisted and renal function worsened despite treatment of the TMA-inducing conditionWork in this report was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III: REDinREN (RD 016/009 Feder Funds), the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (13/02502 and ICI14/00350), the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SAF2015-66287R) and the Autonomous Region of Madrid (S2010/BMD-2316; Grupo de Investigación Complemento-CM). SRdeC is funded by the Seventh Framework Programme European Union Project EURenOmics (305608

Modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes in men and women: A cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study in primary health care on the evolution of patients with prediabetes

Background: Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes development, but little is known about the factors associated with this state. The aim of the study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the presence of prediabetes in men and women. Methods: Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study) is a prospective study on a cohort of 1184 subjects with prediabetes and another cohort of 838 subjects without glucose metabolism disorders. It is being conducted by 125 general practitioners in Spain. Data for this analysis were collected during the baseline stage in 2012. The modifiable risk factors included were: smoking habit, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, inadequate diet, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. To assess independent association between each factor and prediabetes, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Abdominal obesity, low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and hypertension were independently associated with the presence of prediabetes in both men and women. After adjusting for all factors, the respective ORs (95% Confidence Intervals) were 1.98 (1.41-2.79), 1.88 (1.23-2.88) and 1.86 (1.39-2.51) for men, and 1.89 (1.36-2.62), 1.58 (1.12-2.23) and 1.44 (1.07-1.92) for women. Also, general obesity was a risk factor in both sexes but did not reach statistical significance among men, after adjusting for all factors. Risky alcohol consumption was a risk factor for prediabetes in men, OR 1.49 (1.00-2.24). Conclusions: Obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and hypertension were modifiable risk factors independently related to the presence of prediabetes in both sexes. The magnitudes of the associations were stronger for men than women. Abdominal obesity in both men and women displayed the strongest association with prediabetes. The findings suggest that there are some differences between men and women, which should be taken into account when implementing specific recommendations to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in adult population

Effectiveness of a strategy that uses educational games to implement clinical practice guidelines among Spanish residents of family and community medicine (e-EDUCAGUIA project):A clinical trial by clusters

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS Grant Number PI11/0477 ISCIII.-REDISSEC Proyecto RD12/0001/0012 AND FEDER Funding.Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with the aim of helping health professionals, patients, and caregivers make decisions about their health care, using the best available evidence. In many cases, incorporation of these recommendations into clinical practice also implies a need for changes in routine clinical practice. Using educational games as a strategy for implementing recommendations among health professionals has been demonstrated to be effective in some studies; however, evidence is still scarce. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a teaching strategy for the implementation of CPGs using educational games (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) to improve knowledge and skills related to clinical decision-making by residents in family medicine. The primary objective will be evaluated at 1 and 6months after the intervention. The secondary objectives are to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of guidelines by residents of family medicine and to describe the educational strategies used by Spanish teaching units of family and community medicine to encourage implementation of CPGs. Methods/design: We propose a multicenter clinical trial with randomized allocation by clusters of family and community medicine teaching units in Spain. The sample size will be 394 residents (197 in each group), with the teaching units as the randomization unit and the residents comprising the analysis unit. For the intervention, both groups will receive an initial 1-h session on clinical practice guideline use and the usual dissemination strategy by e-mail. The intervention group (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) strategy will consist of educational games with hypothetical clinical scenarios in a virtual environment. The primary outcome will be the score obtained by the residents on evaluation questionnaires for each clinical practice guideline. Other included variables will be the sociodemographic and training variables of the residents and the teaching unit characteristics. The statistical analysis will consist of a descriptive analysis of variables and a baseline comparison of both groups. For the primary outcome analysis, an average score comparison of hypothetical scenario questionnaires between the EDUCAGUIA intervention group and the control group will be performed at 1 and 6months post-intervention, using 95% confidence intervals. A linear multilevel regression will be used to adjust the model. Discussion: The identification of effective teaching strategies will facilitate the incorporation of available knowledge into clinical practice that could eventually improve patient outcomes. The inclusion of information technologies as teaching tools permits greater learning autonomy and allows deeper instructor participation in the monitoring and supervision of residents. The long-term impact of this strategy is unknown; however, because it is aimed at professionals undergoing training and it addresses prevalent health problems, a small effect can be of great relevance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02210442.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

La construcción política de la desigualdad : pobreza y sexualidad en las políticas públicas de la provincia de Córdoba

El proyecto pretende analizar la definición de políticas públicas sobre pobreza y ambiente como instancias de visibilización de posiciones y discursividades en conflicto sobre la (des)igualdad. Asimismo pretende entender la formulación de políticas públicas como instancias en que los Estados institucionalizan una definición sobre la (des)igualdad que muchas veces, paradójicamente, resulta en la instauración de exclusiones y el fortalecimiento de regímenes de dominación. Entre las diversas hipótesis que guían el proyecto la más abarcativa sostiene que las decisiones, los modos y campos de intervención definidos en la política pública constituyen en sí mismos un espacio discursivo en el que se establecen definiciones y plasman matrices ideológicas respecto de la (des)igualdad. Pues a partir de ellos se visibilizan operaciones específicas de inclusión/exclusión, igualdad/desigualdad, prohibición/habilitación, etc.; se identifican y caracterizan sujetos; así como también un determinado orden normativo de relaciones y prácticas. No obstante encontrarse legalmente instituida la igualdad como principio subyacente a todo el ordenamiento de derechos, en la práctica las desigualdades se hacen patentes. Éstas son especialmente relevantes en tres áreas de políticas públicas: el trabajo, el hábitat y sexualidad. Consecuentemente, se propone 1. analizar el dispositivo de regulación tal como se materializa en las decisiones, leyes y políticas públicas del Estado Provincial; 2. Esclarecer las disputas y/o articulaciones de orientaciones y prácticas de distintos ámbitos institucionales –expresamente referimos al conjunto de actores que se activan y pujan frente al contenido y carácter de las decisiones públicas; 3. estudiar las prácticas de resistencia frente a las regulaciones instituidas.Fil: Ciuffolini, María Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Avalle, Gerardo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentin

Longitudinal change in proteinuria and kidney outcomes in C3 glomerulopathy

11 p.-4 fig.-4 tab.Introduction: The association between a change in proteinuria over time and its impact in kidney prognosis has not been analyzed in C3 glomerulopathy. This study aims to investigate the association between the longitudinal change in proteinuria and the risk of kidney failure.Methods: Retrospective, multicenter observational cohort study in 35 nephrology departments belonging to the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases (GLOSEN). Patients diagnosed with C3 glomerulopathy between 1995 and 2020 were enrolled. A joint modeling of linear mixed-effects models was applied to assess the underlying trajectory of a repeatedly measured proteinuria, and a Cox model to evaluate the association of this trajectory with the risk of kidney failure.Results: The study group consisted of 85 patients, 70 C3 glomerulonephritis and 15 dense deposit disease, with a median age of 26 years (range 13-41). During a median follow-up of 42 months, 25 patients reached kidney failure. The longitudinal change in proteinuria showed a strong association with the risk of this outcome, with a doubling of proteinuria levels resulting in a 2.5-fold increase of the risk. A second model showed that a ≥ 50% proteinuria reduction over time was significantly associated with a lower risk of kidney failure (HR: 0.79; 95% CI : 0.56-0.97; p < 0.001). This association was also found when the ≥50% proteinuria reduction was observed within the first 6 and 12 months of follow-up.Conclusion: The longitudinal change in proteinuria is strongly associated with the risk of kidney failure. The change in proteinuria over time can provide clinicians a dynamic prediction of kidney outcomes.This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ISCIII/FEDER) grant PI16/01685 and PI19/1624, and Red de Investigación Renal (RedInRen) (RD12/0021/0029) (to M.P.), the Autonomous Region of Madrid (S2017/BMD-3673) (to M.P.); E.G.d.J. was supported by the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades’ (RYC-2013-13395 and RTI2018-095955-B-100); S.R.d.C. was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/FEDER grant SAF2015-66287R and Autonomous Region of Madrid grant S2017/BMD3673.Peer reviewe