Food and feeding habits of oil sardine Sardinella longiceps from Ratnagiri coast off Maharashtra India

309-318The food of oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps caught off Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, was studied using 917 specimens obtained randomly from commercial catches. The fish was found to be predominantly a plankton feeder, consuming diatoms, dinoflagellates, zooplankton, blue-green algae, and unrecognizable matter. Diatoms formed the most important group followed by zooplankton and dinoflagellates. Unrecognizable matter comprising mud, fish scales and detritus were observed in the stomach contents throughout the year

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings Globally in 2019, 1.14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1.13-1.16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7.41 trillion (7.11-7.74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27.5% [26. 5-28.5] reduction) and females (37.7% [35.4-39.9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0.99 billion (0.98-1.00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7.69 million (7.16-8.20) deaths and 200 million (185-214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20.2% [19.3-21.1] of male deaths). 6.68 million [86.9%] of 7.69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7.69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a dear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

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Not AvailableThe present report on food and feeding habits of Otolithes cuvieri is based on the examination of gut contents of 781 fishes within the size range of 83-300 mm collected from Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Based on index of relative importance values, crustaceans like Acetes spp. and penaeid prawns were found to be the dominant food items followed by fishes, cephalopods and gastropods. Crustaceans were predominant in most of the months. Fishes of smaller lengths preferred only Acetes spp. Dominance of empty stomachs in most of the months as well as in different size groups indicates low feeding intensity of the speciesNot Availabl

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Not AvailableInland fisheries of India harbours great potential and caters the protein requirement of the masses yet the vast potential is still underutilized due to the technical constraints associated with it. Limited information on the inland aquatic resources in turn limits its efficient utilization. Knowledge on the state-wise inland fishery potential was estimated in this study. Haryana recorded more productivity than any other Indian state owing to more fish production per area. The lack of utilization of fishery resources leads the top fish producing states like Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal to trail behind. The evaluation of estimates of fishery productivity of inland water resources helped in identifying the potential productive inland aquatic zones.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLength weight relationship, morphometric and meristric characters of oil sardine sardinella longiceps valenceinnes, 1847 from ratnagiri waters off Maharashtra by studying 917 specimens(368 males,404 females and 145 in determines). Fourteen morphometric characters studied exhibited high level of interdepence(r=0.81 to 0.99). Based on the studies conducted on eristic characters, the fin formula of S. Longiceps can be written as B5-7 P14-16 V8-9D14-18C16-24A11-17.Length-weight relationship was established as W=0.000066L2.664 for males, W=0.000056L2.638 for females and W=0.000054L2.645 for polled data, indicating negative algometric growth in S.longiceps. Coefficient of correlation(r) for the length-weight relationship was estimated at 0.721, 0.740 for the males, females and pooled data respectively.Not Availabl

Diclofenac-induced biochemical and histopathological changes in white leghorn birds (Gallus domesticus)

Objective : To evaluate diclofenac-induced biochemical and histopathological changes in White Leghorn birds. Materials and Methods : Six-week-old birds were equally divided into three groups of six birds each. Group I served as control and received vehicle orally. The birds of Group II and III were orally administered with a single low (2 mg/kg) and high dose (20 mg/kg) of diclofenac sodium, respectively, and were observed for 7 days. The acute toxicity was assessed by observing the clinical signs and symptoms, mortality, alterations in blood biochemistry, and necropsy findings. Results : The birds of Group II showed only mild symptoms of diarrhea. In Group III, 50% of birds died in between 24 and 36 h post-treatment showing the symptoms of segregatory behavior, lethargy, terminal anorexia, and severe bloody diarrhea. The birds of Group II and the surviving birds of Group III showed a significantly (P< 0.05) increased plasma uric acid, creatinine and plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase (PGPT), and decreased total protein and albumin at 12 and 24 h post-treatment which returned to the normal levels at 36 h post-treatment. The dead birds of the high-dose group also showed similar pattern of biochemical changes at 12 and 24 h post-treatment and revealed extensive visceral gout with characteristic histopathological lesions in liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and intestine on post-mortem. Conclusion : The results indicate that diclofenac sodium has hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and visceral gout inducing potentials in White Leghorn birds, especially at higher dose

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Not AvailableThe present study describes the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of 18 fish species from a large tropical reservoir, Panchet, in the Damodar River basin, one of the main tributary of the largest river Ganga in India. A total of 2419 individuals represented by 18 species belonging to 9 families were sampled between November 2014 and June 2016. The b values ranged from 2.469 for Trichogaster chuna to 3.428 for Ailia coila. All the regressions were highly significant (p3, p0.05). This study represents the first reference on the length-weight relationship of Trichogaster chuna from a reservoir ecosystem. This is the first report on LWRs of five fish species viz., Puntius terio, Pethia conchonius, Sperata seenghala, Ailia coila and Trichogaster chuna from an Indian reservoir. This study provides basic data for future stock assessment studies and management programmes from Panchet Reservoir as well as for complementing the comparisons of LWRs from other ecosystems.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableReservoirs have been given priority as an important resource for fisheries enhancement in inland open waters. This paper described the spatial and temporal pattern of fish diversity using GIS platform, assemblage structure, and studied the influence of environmental parameters in these variables in a large tropical reservoir, Chandil, located in the eastern India using multiple approaches. Altogether, 42 fish species belonging to 30 genera were recorded from the reservoir, including two exotic species: pangas, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The diversity indices indicated lowest fish diversity in the lacustrine zone, but without distinct seasonal variation. The taxonomic distinctness was lower in the lacustrine zone as compared to other zones, and the summer season exhibited higher taxonomic distinctness, though the number of species was lowest. Most of the physicochemical parameters recorded are within the favorable range for fisheries enhancement. Among the environmental parameters, pH and nitrate significantly influenced the fish abundance. The study recommends suitable measures and interventions for conservation of the native fish diversity and sustainable fisheries development: closed season, protected/conservation area, introduction of fish aggregating device (FAD), and regulated fish culture in enclosures.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableWetlands are rich biological resources and support livelihood and nutritional security to a huge populace globally. In the present study, two ecologically distinct floodplain wetlands viz., Khalsi and Akaipur located in the sub-basin of Jamuna river in lower Gangetic basin, were studied for abundance, species richness and diversity indices of macro-zoobenthic communities across four seasons. The selected wetlands vary in terms of ecological regimes such as, water volume, depth, link channel, agricultural runoffs, macrophyte coverage etc. Khalsi, a seasonally open beel (wetland) that occasionally exchange water with river Jamuna during high flood, while Akaipur is a closed beel with no exchange of water. The studies indicated higher community richness in macrophyte dominated seasonally open Khalsi wetland (22species) as compared to closed Akaipur wetlands (20 species). The community abundance was higher in Khalsi (8496 nos/m2) as compared to Akaipur. Average Dominance, Simpson and Shannon diversity indices for Khalsi and Akaipur were calculated as 0.3, 0.7 & 1.5 and 0.2, 0.8 & 1.7, respectively. The community structure of wetlands revealed dominance of a single group, gastropoda (99%), followed by bivalvia (0.64%), diptera (0.27%) and oligochaeta (0.09%) in Khalsi, whereas, Akaipur depicted community structure with dominance of gastropoda (46.18%) followed by oligochaeta (41.36%), diptera (11.22%) and bivalvia (1.24%). The trophic state index (TSI) based on chlorophyll a (Chla), Secchi disc transparency and total phosphorus showed significant (p < 0.05) variations in both wetlands between different seasons. The water quality parameters were also significantly (p < 0.05) differ in both the wetlands except dissolved oxygen. The CCA components, CCA1 and CCA2 explained 27.59% and 23.95% and 39.78% and 15.26% of the species environment correlation in Akaipur and Khalsi, respectively. The distribution range of macro-zoobenthos varies 0.30–0.92 and 0.26–0.96 in Khalsi and Akaipur, respectively. The study revealed better ecosystem health of Khalsi beel in sustaining aquatic diversity while Akaipur beel is succeeding towards super eutrophic state. Thus, the present study provides baseline information on assemblage patterns and community structure of macro-zoobenthos in two important wetlands for sustainable management of the aquatic bioresources.Not Availabl