Myopia Control: A Citation Network Study

Background: According to the World Health Organization, myopia is already one of the major causes of vision impairment and blindness. It is predicted to affect almost a half of the world's population within the next years. A lot of researches around the world have been performed on myopia, there is no clear overview of these researchers. In this manuscript, we analyzed the main connections between the most cited researchers, to build a citation network to evaluate the impact of different authors, journals, and subjects in the field of myopia control. Methods: A search using the keywords “myopia control†was made through Web of Science. Extracted data was analyzed using CitNetExplorer® software obtaining a visual evaluation of the most cited publications. A subnet analysis was made by adding the keywords “myopia control" AND ("orthokeratology" OR "corneal refractive therapyâ€), “myopia control" AND ("soft contact lens*" OR "multifocal contact lens*â€), and “myopia control" AND "atropineâ€. The most important publications of the network and subnetworks were analyzed using the "core" function. Results: This study showed 228 references that generated 1087 citations across the network. 2013 was the most important year for myopia control, with most publications and citations. Optometry and Vision Science journal has published the most cited papers. Regarding the authors, Walline ranked the first of the most cited articles on myopia control. Conclusion: This study analyzed the associations between the authors, journals and subjects in myopia control, highlighting the great importance of this area in the recent years. More than 50% of the papers in the network were published after 2013

Metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathogenic role of androgen excess and potential therapeutic strategies

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive age women. Although its cardinal manifestations include hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology, PCOS women often display also notable metabolic comorbidities. An array of pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in the etiology of this heterogeneous endocrine disorder; hyperandrogenism at various developmental periods is proposed as a major driver of the metabolic and reproductive perturbations associated with PCOS. However, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS-associated metabolic disease is incomplete, and therapeutic strategies used to manage this syndrome's metabolic complications remain limited.Scope of review: This study is a systematic review of the potential etiopathogenic mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction frequently associated with PCOS, with special emphasis on the metabolic impact of androgen excess on different metabolic tissues and the brain. We also briefly summarize the therapeutic approaches currently available to manage metabolic perturbations linked to PCOS, highlighting current weaknesses and future directions.Major conclusions: Androgen excess plays a prominent role in the development of metabolic disturbances associated with PCOS, with a discernible impact on key peripheral metabolic tissues, including the adipose, liver, pancreas, and muscle, and very prominently the brain, contributing to the constellation of metabolic complications of PCOS, from obesity to insulin resistance. However, the current understanding of the pathogenic roles of hyperandrogenism in metabolic dysfunction of PCOS and the underlying mechanisms remain largely incomplete. In addition, the development of more efficient, even personalized therapeutic strategies for the metabolic management of PCOS patients persists as an unmet need that will certainly benefit from a better comprehension of the molecular basis of this heterogeneous syndrome. </div

Percepción del internado en los estudiantes de obstetricia de una universidad privada de Lima Este, 2022

El internado en Obstétrica es un proceso muy importante para la formación del profesional del Obstetra, porque se pone en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos en la etapa universitaria, sin embargo, los internos podrían estar expuestos a ciertos problemas que llegarían a afectar su desempeño profesional e influir su rendimiento laboral y trato a los pacientes. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la Percepción del internado de obstétrica en estudiantes de Obstetricia de una Universidad Privada de Lima Este, 2022. Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, básica y transversal, de diseño observacional y descriptivo. La muestra fue de 45 internas de Obstetricia. La técnica fue la encuesta y el instrumento Cuestionario sobre “Percepción del internado en los estudiantes de obstetricia de una Universidad Privada de Lima Este, 2022”. Los resultados fueron, el 60% tuvo una regular percepción sobre el internado, 37,8% una buena percepción del internado y el 2,2% una mala percepción. En conclusión, los estudiantes de Obstetricia de una Universidad Privada de Lima Este, tuvo una regular percepción del internado.Obstetrics internship is an important stage for Obstetrician professional training, since they put into practice the knowledge acquired in university stage, however, interns could be exposed to certain problems that could affect their professional performance, which could influence their work performance and their behave towards patients. The objective of this study was to determine the perception of the internship in the Obstetrics students of a Private University of Lima East, 2022. Study with a quantitative, basic, prospective and cross-sectional approach, with an observational and descriptive design. The sample 45 interns of Obstetrics. The technique was the survey and the Questionnaire instrument on "Perception of the internship in obstetrics students of a Private University of Lima East, 2022". The results were, 60% had a regular perception of the boarding school, 37.8% a good perception of the boarding school and 2.2% a bad perception. In conclusion, the Obstetrics students of a Private University in East Lima had a regular perception of the internship

Aviation-associated spatial disorientation and incidence of visual illusions survey in military pilots

The lack of information on active military pilots has led to the present study, which aimed to analyze the sense of aviation-associated spatial disorientation and the incidence of visual illusions of fighter and transport military pilots through a post-flight survey. The advance of aeronautics has led to further aircraft developments, increasing heights and speeds which increase the psychophysiological demands, thus leading to greater incidence of spatial disorientation and visual illusions.60 male pilots with large professional experience (1012 h ± 250 accumulated flying hours) between 7 and 18 years in their respective units and experience in international missions in the current conflict areas as Lebanon, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Iraq, were subjected to a post-flight visual experience questionnaire. Our findings suggest that transport pilots tend to present significant higher disorientation situations than fighter pilots, while fighter pilots presented greater sense of aviation-associated spatial disorientation but experimented more visual illusions. These differences are related with the demands of the different aircrafts used by each pilot, thus specific, individualized and larger simulated training sessions in simulated environments are suggested. Further research should focus on the analysis of peripheral and central fatigue as constructs that may help to the appearance of greater spatial disorientation and visual illusions

Guardar/romper el silencio sobre la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo : narrativas de mujeres mexicanas

Esta investigación narrativo feminista aborda la tensión entre guardar o romper el silencio en 14 mujeres mexicanas habitantes de la Ciudad de México y de otros estados, que interrumpieron sus embarazos en el primer trimestre. Las razones para guardar silencio estaban relacionadas con la sanción social sobre el aborto o por la actividad sexual previa al matrimonio, por posibles afectaciones en sus proyectos de vida y para proteger sus decisiones; las motivaciones para hablar de esta experiencia estuvieron vinculadas con la necesidad de obtener servicios seguros y de contar con apoyo emocional, en algunos casos tuvieron un fin político y de sororidad, encaminado a disminuir el estigma y apoyar a otras mujeres. Se observó en algunos casos la ruptura del círculo vicioso entre el silencio, el estigma y la creencia de que se trata de una experiencia poco frecuente, lo que contribuye a aminorar la penalización social del aborto.This feminist narrative research addresses the tension between keeping or breaking silence in 14 women, from Mexico City and other Mexican entities, who interrupted their pregnancies in the first trimester. The reasons for remaining silent related to the social sanction on abortion or on sexual activity prior to marriage; to possible effects on their life projects and to the aim of protecting their decisions; the motivations to talk about this experience, were linked to the need to obtain safe services and to have emotional support. In some cases, breaking the silence had a political and sorority purpose, aimed at reducing stigma and supporting other women. In some cases, the breaking of the vicious circle between silence, stigma and the belief that it is a rare experience was observed, which helps to reduce the social penalization of abortion

Coexistence of tuberculosis and mammary carcinoma in a goat

Synchronic occurrence of tuberculosis mastitis and mammary cancer is rare in humans and, to the best of our knowledge, not reported in domestic animals. Here, we present a case of a female adult goat of Serrana breed with simultaneous occurrence of a granulomatous mastitis, due to Mycobacterium caprae, and a mammary carcinoma. Both pathological conditions are rare in goats and should be included in differential diagnosis of mammary lesions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estradiol regulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis via hypothalamic AMPK

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Defining a novel leptin–melanocortin–kisspeptin pathway involved in the metabolic control of puberty

Objective Puberty is a key developmental phenomenon highly sensitive to metabolic modulation. Worrying trends of changes in the timing of puberty have been reported in humans. These might be linked to the escalating prevalence of childhood obesity and could have deleterious impacts on later (cardio-metabolic) health, but their underlying mechanisms remain unsolved. The neuropeptide α-MSH, made by POMC neurons, plays a key role in energy homeostasis by mediating the actions of leptin and likely participates in the control of reproduction. However, its role in the metabolic regulation of puberty and interplay with kisspeptin, an essential puberty-regulating neuropeptide encoded by Kiss1, remain largely unknown. We aim here to unveil the potential contribution of central α-MSH signaling in the metabolic control of puberty by addressing its role in mediating the pubertal effects of leptin and its potential interaction with kisspeptin. Methods Using wild type and genetically modified rodent models, we implemented pharmacological studies, expression analyses, electrophysiological recordings, and virogenetic approaches involving DREADD technology to selectively inhibit Kiss1 neurons, in order to interrogate the physiological role of a putative leptin→α-MSH→kisspeptin pathway in the metabolic control of puberty. Results Stimulation of central α-MSH signaling robustly activated the reproductive axis in pubertal rats, whereas chronic inhibition of melanocortin receptors MC3/4R, delayed puberty, and prevented the permissive effect of leptin on puberty onset. Central blockade of MC3/4R or genetic elimination of kisspeptin receptors from POMC neurons did not affect kisspeptin effects. Conversely, congenital ablation of kisspeptin receptors or inducible, DREADD-mediated inhibition of arcuate nucleus (ARC) Kiss1 neurons resulted in markedly attenuated gonadotropic responses to MC3/4R activation. Furthermore, close appositions were observed between POMC fibers and ARC Kiss1 neurons while blockade of α-MSH signaling suppressed Kiss1 expression in the ARC of pubertal rats. Conclusions Our physiological, virogenetic, and functional genomic studies document a novel α-MSH→kisspeptin→GnRH neuronal signaling pathway involved in transmitting the permissive effects of leptin on pubertal maturation, which is relevant for the metabolic (and, eventually, pharmacological) regulation of puberty onsetThis work was supported by grants BFU2011-025021 & BFU2014-57581-P (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain; co-funded with EU funds from FEDER Program); project PIE-00005 (Flexi-Met, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad, Spain); Projects P08-CVI-03788 and P12-FQM-01943 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain); EU research contract DEER FP7-ENV-2007-1 and the New Zealand Health Research Council. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Senior authors are indebted with Dr. R.A. Steiner (University of Washington, Seattle, USA) and Dr. U. Boehm (University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany) for provision of relevant mouse lines, essential for conduction of some of the experiments included in this studyS

Social and content hybrid image recommender system for mobile social networks

One of the advantages of social networks is the possibility to socialize and personalize the content created or shared by the users. In mobile social networks, where the devices have limited capabilities in terms of screen size and computing power, Multimedia Recommender Systems help to present the most relevant content to the users, depending on their tastes, relationships and profile. Previous recommender systems are not able to cope with the uncertainty of automated tagging and are knowledge domain dependant. In addition, the instantiation of a recommender in this domain should cope with problems arising from the collaborative filtering inherent nature (cold start, banana problem, large number of users to run, etc.). The solution presented in this paper addresses the abovementioned problems by proposing a hybrid image recommender system, which combines collaborative filtering (social techniques) with content-based techniques, leaving the user the liberty to give these processes a personal weight. It takes into account aesthetics and the formal characteristics of the images to overcome the problems of current techniques, improving the performance of existing systems to create a mobile social networks recommender with a high degree of adaptation to any kind of user

Early overnutrition sensitizes the growth hormone axis to the impact of diet-induced obesity via sex-divergent mechanisms

In addition to its essential role in the physiological control of longitudinal growth, growth-hormone (GH) is endowed with relevant metabolic functions, including anabolic actions in muscle, lipolysis in adipose-tissue and glycemic modulation. Adult obesity is known to negatively impact GH-axis, thereby promoting a vicious circle that may contribute to the exacerbation of the metabolic complications of overweight. Yet, to what extent early-overnutrition sensitizes the somatotropic-axis to the deleterious effects of obesity remains largely unexplored. Using a rat-model of sequential exposure to obesogenic insults, namely postnatal-overfeeding during lactation and high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning, we evaluated in both sexes the individual and combined impact of these nutritional challenges upon key elements of the somatotropic-axis. While feeding HFD per se had a modest impact on the adult GH-axis, early overnutrition had durable effects on key elements of the somatotropic-system, which were sexually different, with a significant inhibition of pituitary gene expression of GH-releasing hormone-receptor (GHRH-R) and somatostatin receptor-5 (SST5) in males, but an increase in pituitary GHRH-R, SST2, SST5, GH secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R) and ghrelin expression in females. Notably, early-overnutrition sensitized the GH-axis to the deleterious impact of HFD, with a significant suppression of pituitary GH expression in both sexes and lowering of circulating GH levels in females. Yet, despite their similar metabolic perturbations, males and females displayed rather distinct alterations of key somatotropic-regulators/ mediators. Our data document a synergistic effect of postnatal-overnutrition on the detrimental impact of HFD-induced obesity on key elements of the adult GH-axis, which is conducted via mechanisms that are sexually-divergent