Phreatomagmatic activity and associated hydrothermal processes in the lamproitic Volcano of Cancarix (Southeast Spain)

The study of the Cancarix volcano structure (Sierra de las Cabras, SE Spain) and the regional observations in similar lamproite volcanoes suggest that these magmas were emplaced during the Miocene in relation to transtensive structures at the North end of the Betic Cordillera. These structures were able to reactivate previous basement faults which facilitated the ascending circulation of enriched ultrapotassic magma. Two episodes are distinguished: 1) explosive volcanism due to the interaction between magma and groundwater from the karstic system of the host carbonate rocks, which generated a phreatomagmatic-effusive complex and 2) volcanic-building with crystal-rich magma. The phreatomagmatic breccia distribution is conditioned by the tectonic structure of the host rock, with maximum thickness over the marls basement, mechanically less competent, which is controlling the preferential magma movement towards the S-SE. Chemical, mineralogical and textural study of the host rocks and the volcanic products indicates that following the magmatic activity hydrothermal processes ocurred, with: (1) the genesis of new minerals (namely, saponitic smectite and serpentine minerals) in the host rock clasts from the phreatomagmatic breccia; and (2) the recrystallisation of dolomite and amorphous silica growing up to 20 m from the contact in porous carbonates. In contrast, marls and micritic carbonates show no recrystallisation, only a slight enrichment of Mg and some exotic elements, limited to the first few metres.El estudio de la estructura del Volcán de Cancarix (Sierra de las Cabras, SE España) y las observaciones regionales en volcanes lamproíticos similares sugieren que el emplazamiento de los magmas tuvo lugar durante el Mioceno en relación con estructuras transtensivas en el extremo Norte de la Cordillera Bética. Estas estructuras favorecieron la reactivación de fallas previas del basamento que facilitaron la circulación ascendente de magmas enriquecidos en Mg y K. Se han diferenciado dos episodios de emisión de material en el Volcán de Cancarix: 1) vulcanismo explosivo debido a la interacción del magma con el agua subterránea procedente del sistema kárstico de los carbonatos que componen la roca caja, que generó un complejo freatomagmático (brechas y lavas) y 2) una etapa de vulcanismo efusivo con un magma rico en cristales que dio lugar al domo lamproítico. La distribución de la brecha freatomagmática estuvo condicionada por la estructura tectónica de la roca caja, con un máximo espesor sobre las margas, mecánicamente menos competentes. En consequencia, la dirección preferente de avance del magma fue hacia el S-SE, donde las margas son predominantes. El estudio geoquímico, mineralógico y textural de la roca caja y del material volcánico indica que tras la actividad volcánica, hubo una actividad hidrotermal que produjo la alteración de los materiales con: (1) la génesis de nuevos minerales (esmectitas saponíticas y minerales del grupo de la serpentina) en los clastos de la roca caja incorporados a la brecha freatomagmática y (2) la recristalizacion de dolomita y sílice amorfa en las rocas carbonatadas más porosas desde el contacto hasta una distancia de aproximadamente 20 m. Sin embargo, las margas y los carbonatos micríticos no muestran recristalización, únicamente un ligero enriquecimiento en Mg y algunos elementos traza en los primeros metros cerca del contacto con la brecha freatomagmática y la lamproita

Actions to be taken in Mexico towards education 4.0 and society 5.0

Education in Mexico has not evolved in the way it is taught and evaluated. In the historical moment that postmodernism enters, it has not been possible to adapt to Information and Communication Technologies(ICT), or rapid technological innovation, or changes and trends in the industry, to the sharing economy or the rise of distance races. In its analysis, an essential deficiency is detected in the current education models, and it is detected that educational freedom is nil or scarce, which has led to poor student performance, high youth unemployment, which cause severe social problems and the economy of the economy. The current government is working closely with the private sector to connect education and promote employment. It is necessary to grant public schools more autonomy, freedom and responsibility. This paper explains how to act so that Mexico can adapt education 4.0 with solid steps to reach society 5.0

Synthesis of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives on solid support using room temperature and microwave-assisted solvent-free procedures

We describe the synthesis of 12 new ethyl and methyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives on solid supports with room temperature and microwave-assisted solvent-free procedures. Results show that solid supports have good catalytic activity in the formation of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives. We found that florisil and montmorillonite KSF and K10 could be used as new, easily available, inexpensive alternatives of catalysts. Additionally, room temperature and microwave-irradiation solvent-free synthesis was more efficient than a conventional procedure (Beirut reaction), reducing reaction time and increasing yield

Physical Activity Is Associated With Better Executive Function in University Students

[EN] Introduction: In recent years, the study of the benefits that physical exercise has on brain health has acquired special relevance. In order to implement exercise as an intervention to protect the brain, it is important to have a more clear idea of its effect in the young population. However, few studies have been carried out on these ages. Objective: The main objective of our study was to evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) with memory and executive function, in university students, analyzing the modulatory effect of sex. Methodology: We collected socio-demographic and life habit information, as well as data on the PA that was carried out during the previous week using the international PAquestionnaire short version (IPAQ-SF) questionnaire in 206 university students (mean age 19.55 ± 2.39; 67.5% women). Memory and executive function were assessed using a comprehensive battery of validate cognitive tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to correlate PA with cognitive tests scores and to evaluate the potential synergistic role of sex. Results: The main finding was that the total amount of PA correlated positively with several tests that evaluated aspects of executive function, specifically Stroop Colors (Pearson's r = 0.17; p = 0.01) and the Stroop Test Color-Word (Pearson's r = 0.15. p = 0.03). These results were adjusted by a large number of possible confounders and modifying variables in a multivariate analysis, like age, sex, academic record, day of the week, and time at which the test was performed. Additionally, we found out that sex had a synergistic effect with PA on the executive test Trail making test-A (TMTA), and in women, this association was stronger than in men. The more PA women reported, the better they performed, that is to say that they took less time to finalize the TMT-A (interaction term between PA and sex: b = -0.0009; p = 0.014). Conclusion: Our study adds evidence of the benefit of PA in cognition in the young population, specifically in the executive inhibitory control, and more significantly in women.S

Dark Matter Searches with Cherenkov Telescopes: Nearby Dwarf Galaxies or Local Galaxy Clusters?

In this paper, we compare dwarf galaxies and galaxy clusters in order to elucidate which object class is the best target for gamma-ray DM searches with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). We have built a mixed dwarfs+clusters sample containing some of the most promising nearby dwarf galaxies (Draco, Ursa Minor, Wilman 1 and Segue 1) and local galaxy clusters (Perseus, Coma, Ophiuchus, Virgo, Fornax, NGC 5813 and NGC 5846), and then compute their DM annihilation flux profiles by making use of the latest modeling of their DM density profiles. We also include in our calculations the effect of DM substructure. Willman 1 appears as the best candidate in the sample. However, its mass modeling is still rather uncertain, so probably other candidates with less uncertainties and quite similar fluxes, namely Ursa Minor and Segue 1, might be better options. As for galaxy clusters, Virgo represents the one with the highest flux. However, its large spatial extension can be a serious handicap for IACT observations and posterior data analysis. Yet, other local galaxy cluster candidates with more moderate emission regions, such as Perseus, may represent good alternatives. After comparing dwarfs and clusters, we found that the former exhibit annihilation flux profiles that, at the center, are roughly one order of magnitude higher than those of clusters, although galaxy clusters can yield similar, or even higher, integrated fluxes for the whole object once substructure is taken into account. Even when any of these objects are strictly point-like according to the properties of their annihilation signals, we conclude that dwarf galaxies are best suited for observational strategies based on the search of point-like sources, while galaxy clusters represent best targets for analyses that can deal with rather extended emissions. Finally, we study the detection prospects for present and future IACTs in the framework of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that the level of the annihilation flux from these targets is below the sensitivities of current IACTs and the future CTA

Proyecto de construcci?n del edificio multifamiliar ?Influye?

En el presente trabajo se desarrollan los aspectos iniciales para la gesti?n del proyecto de construcci?n del Edificio Multifamiliar ?INFLUYE?, en el marco de la Gu?a PMBOK? y teniendo en cuenta las ?reas de conocimiento y los procesos relacionados a esta; proyecto que parte de la necesidad de realizar construcciones multifamiliares como parte de las actividades esenciales de la empresa constructora, relacionadas a la construcci?n de viviendas en los distritos de San Borja y Surco. Todo eso en un contexto de crecimiento en el rubro construcci?n y, en particular, en el de viviendas multifamiliares, siendo el principal objetivo plantear una mejora de la eficiencia y eficacia en la gesti?n de este tipo de proyectos, considerando un entorno de gran cambio y nuevas dificultades

DNA methylation map of mouse and human brain identifies target genes in Alzheimer’s disease

The central nervous system has a pattern of gene expression that is closely regulated with respect to functional and anatomical regions. DNA methylation is a major regulator of transcriptional activity, and aberrations in the distribution of this epigenetic mark may be involved in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we have analysed 12 distinct mouse brain regions according to their CpG 5’-end gene methylation patterns and observed their unique epigenetic landscapes. The DNA methylomes obtained from the cerebral cortex were used to identify aberrant DNA methylation changes that occurred in two mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. We were able to translate these findings to patients with Alzheimer’s disease, identifying DNA methylation-associated silencing of three targets genes: thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3 (SORBS3) and spectrin beta 4 (SPTBN4). These hypermethylation targets indicate that the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation pathway and the axon initial segment could contribute to the disease

Impact of COVID-19 on medical education: Introducinghomo digitalis

Purpose To determine how members of the Societe Internationale d'Urologie (SIU) are continuing their education in the time of COVID-19. Methods A survey was disseminated amongst SIU members worldwide by email. Results were analyzed to examine the influence of age, practice region and settings on continuing medical education (CME) of the respondents. Results In total, 2494 respondents completed the survey. Internet searching was the most common method of CME (76%; allps = 2 platforms, with approximately 10% of the respondents using up to 5 different platforms. Urologists < 40 years old were more likely to use online literature (69%), podcasts/AV media (38%), online CME courses/webinars (40%), and social media (39%). There were regional variations in the CME modality used but no significant difference in the number of methods by region. There was no significant difference in responses between urologists in academic/public hospitals or private practice. Conclusion During COVID-19, urologists have used web-based learning for their CME. Internet learning and literature were the top frequently cited learning methods. Younger urologists are more likely to use all forms of digital learning methods, while older urologists prefer fewer methods

In vivo biocompatibility testing of nanoparticle-functionalized alginate–chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

Background: There is a strong interest in designing new scaffolds for their potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The incorporation of functionalization molecules can lead to the enhancement of scaffold properties, resulting in variations in scaffold compatibility. Therefore, the efficacy of the therapy could be compromised by the foreign body reaction triggered after implantation.Methods: In this study, the biocompatibilities of three scaffolds made from an alginate–chitosan combination and functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNp) and alginate-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNp + Alg) were evaluated in a subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats. Scaffolds and surrounding tissue were collected at 4-, 7- and 25-day postimplantation and processed for histological analysis and quantification of the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, macrophage profile, and proinflammatory (IL-1β and TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines.Results: Histological analysis showed a characteristic foreign body response that resolved 25 days postimplantation. The intensity of the reaction assessed through capsule thickness was similar among groups. Functionalizing the device with AuNp and AuNp + Alg decreased the expression of markers associated with cell death by apoptosis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment, suggesting increased compatibility with the host tissue. Similarly, the formation of many foreign body giant cells was prevented. Finally, an increased detection of alpha smooth muscle actin was observed, showing the angiogenic properties of the elaborated scaffolds.Conclusion: Our results show that the proposed scaffolds have improved biocompatibility and exhibit promising potential as biomaterials for elaborating tissue engineering constructs