El 'interés superior' de la niñez en la adopción en España : entre la protección, los derechos y las interpretaciones

El principio del interés superior del niño/a es profusamente citado en la legislación y las prácticas relacionadas con la protección de la infancia como principio inspirador a considerar en la toma de cualquier decisión sobre la situación o el futuro de un niño/a. Generalmente no se explicita una definición del mismo, dando por supuesta su evidencia. Sin embargo, los datos etnográficos sobre adopciones transnacionales muestran que su implementación no es inequívoca o universal. Al contrario, es una construcción cultural con base en la interpretación, es decir, en la ética personal y/o institucional. Proponemos que su aplicación habitualmente se inclina por la consideración de los niños y niñas como objetos de protección y cuidado, y por el reconocimiento de los derechos de quienes los adoptan, una interpretación que excluye a los niños y niñas como sujetos de pleno derecho y a sus familias de origenThe best interest of the child is widely cited in the legislation and practices related to child protection as a guiding principle to consider in making any decision about the situation or the future of a child. Generally no explicit definition of it is given, assuming its evidence. However, the ethnographic data on transnational adoptions show that its implementation is not certain or universal. On the contrary, it is a cultural construct based on the interpretation, i.e., personal and/or institutional ethics. We propose that its application is usually inclined towards the consideration of children as objects of protection and care, and recognition of the rights of adopters, an interpretation that excludes children as subjects of rights and their families of origi

On the difficulty of thinking about identity construction without fixed anchors: transnational adoption in Spain

A partir de un trabajo etnográfico, se analiza el papel de “los orígenes” en el modo en que las familias adoptivas españolas, guiadas por los “saberes expertos” de los y las profesionales a quienes se encomienda su formación y acompañamiento, construyen la identidad de las personas adoptadas transnacionalmente. Dicho análisis revela la dificultad de desprenderse de las categorías tradicionales, dicotómicas y racializadas que ligan la identidad al territorio para poder dar lugar a narrativas que den sentido y coherencia a las trayectorias vitales de quienes, como las personas adoptadas transnacionalmente, no encuentran encaje en los viejos esquemas.Drawing on ethnographic research, this text analyses the role of "origins" in the way Spanish adoptive families, guided by the "expert knowledge" of those practitioners who are entrusted their training and support, construct the identity of transnational adoptees. This analysis reveals the difficulty discarding the traditional, dichotomous, and racialised categories that link identity to a territory, making it difficult to emerge for alternative narratives that give meaning and coherence to the life stories of those who, as transnationally adopted people, do not fit into those patterns

La regulación política de la familia : ideología, desigualdad y género en el Plan Integral de Apoyo a la Familia

La familia es la institución privada por excelencia y, sin embargo, es objeto de intervención política. En este artículo reflexionamos acerca de los componentes ideológicos que subyacen en las políticas públicas que afectan a la familia y el significado que tienen en el contexto en que se activan. Para ello, analizamos el Plan Integral de Apoyo a la Familia 2014-2017. Borrador de trabajo, elaborado por el gobierno español. En la actual fase de reactivación de las políticas neoliberales, se pretende que la familia fortalezca sus funciones de protección y cuidado de sus miembros, en correspondencia con la progresiva disminución de las responsabilidades públicas por parte del Estado. En este contexto, la protección de la maternidad resulta fundamental, pues focaliza el papel de las mujeres como madres y cuidadoras. Los cambios en la agenda de la familia se corresponden, pues, con cambios en la agenda de igualdad.Family is the private institution par excellence; however, it is subject to political intervention. In this article, we reflect on the ideological components that underlie public policies affecting the family and what they mean in the context in which they are activated. We analyze the Plan Integral de Apoyo a la Familia 2015-2017, drawn up by the Spanish government. In the current phase of reactivation of neoliberal policies, the family is intended to strengthen its functions of protection and care of its members, in line with the gradual reduction of public responsibilities by the state. In this context, maternity protection is essential, since it focuses the role of women as mothers and caregivers. Thus, changes in the agenda of the family correspond to changes in the equality agenda

Early adversity experiences and wellbeing at school. A training module for (prospective) teachers

The BRIGHTER FUTURE project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.This publication has been developed in the context of the project BRIGTHER FUTURE: Innovative tools for developing full potential after early adversity, whose working team consists of the following entities: Comune di Torino (Italy) CORA (Spain), PAC UK/ Family Action (United Kingdom), Pharos Expertise Center on Health Disparities (the Netherlands), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), Università di Verona (Italy), University of Groningen (Netherlands). "Early adversity experiences and wellbeing at school" is an outcome of the project "BRIGHTER FUTURE. Innovative tools for developing full potential after early adversity" co-financed by the Erasmus+ program of the European Union. It aims at providing material for the training of school staff working with children and adolescents who have experienced early adversities and who are in alternative care. During the Brighter Future project, our international team has designed a series of training modules, especially addressed to professionals working at school or with schools, suitable for deployment in multiple contexts. The training modules are the result of a process involving the analysis of the child protection system in different European countries, the review of the scientific literature on school and early adversity, and a qualitative data collection using interviews and focus groups in Spain, Italy and the Netherlands aimed at collecting voices from the key actors in the field: students, teachers, adoptive parents, foster parents, social workers, activists (especially careleavers and parents associations)

Peripheral 5-HT 1A

We analyzed the modulation of serotonin on the bradycardia induced in vivo by vagal electrical stimulation in alloxan-induced long-term diabetic rats. Bolus intravenous administration of serotonin had a dual effect on the bradycardia induced either by vagal stimulation or exogenous Ach, increasing it at low doses and decreasing it at high doses of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), effect reproduced by 5-carboxamidotryptamine maleate (5-CT), a 5-HT(1/7) agonist. The enhancement of the bradycardia at low doses of 5-CT was reproduced by 5-HT(1A) agonist 8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) and abolished by WAY-100,635, 5-HT(1A) antagonist. Pretreatment with 5-HT(1) antagonist methiothepin blocked the stimulatory and inhibitory effect of 5-CT, whereas pimozide, 5-HT(7) antagonist, only abolished 5-CT inhibitory action. In conclusion, long-term diabetes elicits changes in the subtype of the 5-HT receptor involved in modulation of vagally induced bradycardia. Activation of the 5-HT(1A) receptors induces enhancement, whereas attenuation is due to 5-HT(7) receptor activation. This 5-HT dual effect occurs at pre- and postjunctional levels

Nomadism and movement as epistemologies of the contemporary world

De la misma manera que el movimiento y el nomadismo, en tanto que formas de vida opuestas al sedentarismo, implican no solo el abandono de la idea de un hogar fijo sino también un desafío activo o una evitación furtiva de la autoridad sedentaria del estado, el movimiento y el nomadismo como epistemologías confrontan el orden generalmente fijo de los lenguajes, discursos y perspectivas con los que la ciencia intenta explicar nuestro mundo social. Emergen así nuevos caminos para pensar el movimiento, las subjetividades, lo grupal y lo institucional, en un mundo que no solo es global, sino real y virtual al mismo tiempo. En este número extraordinario, se reúnen aportaciones que experimentan, discuten y reflexionan cuestionando el pensamiento estático.In the same way that movement and nomadism as a lifestyles opposite to sedentism involve not only the abandonment of the idea of a permanent home, but also an active challenge or furtive avoidance of the state's sedentary authority, movement and nomadism as epistemologies confront the generally fixed order of languages, discourses and perspectives with which science tries to explain our social world. New ways of thinking about movement, subjectivities, groups and institutions emerge, in a world that is not only global, but real and virtual at the same time. In this special issue we have gathered the contributions that experiment and questioning static thinking

Salmonella infection in mesenteric lymph nodes of breeding sows

Salmonellosis is one of the main foodborne diseases worldwide. Breeding sows asymptomatically infected with Salmonella can transmit the pathogen to piglets and humans. The isolation of Salmonella from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) is considered a demonstration of asymptomatic infection in swine. As previous breeding sow studies have been performed using feces, the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Salmonella infections by sampling MLNs, in comparison to their serological status. First, Salmonella fecal shedding was studied in 12/16 large breeding farms to establish the framework of study. Then, MLN (n = 264) and blood (n = 237) samples were obtained at an abattoir from sows of 15 of these 16 breeding farms. Additionally, risk factors associated with Salmonella MLN infection were analyzed. A total of 6.1% (16/264) sows, distributed in 40% (6/15) of the farms, had the pathogen in MLN. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar isolated. Interestingly, 43.8% (7/16) of MLN isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested and were found distributed throughout all farms with at least one sow positive. As well, one isolate of the emerging DT195 clone was detected and found to be resistant to six antibiotic families (ASSuTNx-Cfx). The serovars and the resistance profiles of the Salmonella isolates from feces were completely different to those obtained from MLNs. The seroprevalence (41.8% of sows and 100% of farms) was higher than that of MLN infections, showing no concordance (k = 0.15) between these two diagnostic tests in sows. Strategies directed to correct two risk factors (i.e., administration of dry food and old premises) would most likely help to reduce Salmonella infections in breeding sows.The work was financed by Departamento de Industria, Energía e Innovación of the Navarra Government [reference IIQ14064.RI1] and Instituto Navarro de Tecnología e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias S.A. -INTIA- [reference CAM2011030054]. VG, SS, BSR and LMG contracts were funded by UPNA postdoctoral fellowship, Erasmus Mundus EMUNDUS18 Program, CSIC JAE-Doc Program, and INIA-European Social Fund, respectively. We are grateful to farmers, veterinaries and slaughterhouse workers as well as to the temporal students Naroa Remondegui, June Landa (JAE-Intro CSIC-FEDER fellowship), Ruth Erro and Mirian Samblas

Desarrollo de pruebas serológicas para la identificación de ovinos inmunizados con vacunas-GFP

Publishe

Secreted phospholipase A2-IIA modulates transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblast through EGFR transactivation: An inflammation–fibrosis link

Producción CientíficaSecreted phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is a pro-inflammatory protein associated with cardiovascular disorders, whose functions and underlying mechanisms in cardiac remodelling are still under investigation. We herein study the role of sPLA2-IIA in cardiac fibroblast (CFs)-to-myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis, two major features involved in cardiac remodelling, and also explore potential mechanisms involved. In a mice model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) after autoimmune myocarditis, serum and cardiac sPLA2-IIA protein expression were found to be increased, together with elevated cardiac levels of the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Exogenous sPLA2-IIA treatment induced proliferation and differentiation of adult rat CFs. Molecular studies demonstrated that sPLA2-IIA promoted Src phosphorylation, shedding of the membrane-anchored heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) ectodomain and EGFR phosphorylation, which triggered phosphorylation of ERK, P70S6K and rS6. This was also accompanied by an up-regulated expression of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-1, LOX and collagen I. ROS accumulation were also found to be increased in sPLA2-IIA-treated CFs. The presence of inhibitors of the Src/ADAMs-dependent HB-EGF shedding/EGFR pathway abolished the CF phenotype induced by sPLA2-IIA. In conclusion, sPLA2-IIA may promote myofibroblast differentiation through its ability to modulate EGFR transactivation and signalling as key mechanisms that underlie its biological and pro-fibrotic effects.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grants SAF2012-34460 and SAF2016-81063)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant PI18/010257729