Evaluation of admission chest X-ray findings in patients with respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic

AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of X-ray findings in hospitalized patients requiring hospitalization with suspected Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and potential differences in the laboratory values and clinical outcomes related to the presence of abnormal chest X-ray (CXR) findings. METHODS: RESULTS: CONCLUSION: CXR is a routine examination in all patients with symptoms of lower respiratory tract disease and its findings relate to in-hospital mortality and Pa

Clinical improvement in Job syndrome following administration of co-trimoxazole, omalizumab and inhaled tobramycin

Established treatment regimens for the autosomal dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, denominated Job syndrome, are lacking. Thus, Job syndrome still exerts a dramatic impact on patients’ quality of life. Our aim was to present safety and effectiveness of a regimen including co-trimoxazole, omalizumab and inhaled tobramycin in Job syndrome. A 26-year-old woman diagnosed with Job syndrome since infancy through sequencing revealing G342D mutation in STAT3 gene was initiated in the above mentioned treatment regimen; she was followed for 6 months, and to date, none recurrent pulmonary or skin infection was noticed. Furthermore, a considerable improvement in skin lesions was observed. A combination of anti-IgE and longitudinal use of inhaled antibiotics seems well-founded in Job syndrome

Association of ET-1 gene polymorphisms with COPD phenotypes in a Caucasian population

Background and Aim. The phenotypic expression of COPD consists of pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis. An imprecise phenotypic definition may result in inconsistencies among genetic studies regarding COPD pathogenesis. Endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms have been linked to increased susceptibility of COPD development. The present study examined the involvement of +138 insA/delA and G198T ET-1 polymorphisms with emphysematous and bronchitic COPD phenotypes. Methods. In order to narrow down the phenotypic choices to either COPD-associated pulmonary emphysema or chronic bronchitis, a DLCO<60% predicted threshold was chosen as an indicator of severe emphysema.116 COPD smokers and 74 non-related, non-COPD smokers were evaluated. Results. Statistical analysis showed that the 4A allele of the +138insA/delA SNP and the 4A:T haplotype were associated predominantly with a chronic bronchitis phenotype, whereas the TT genotype of the G198T SNP was found to be protective from emphysema development. Conclusions. The presence of both the 4A and T allele seems to modify the final expression of COPD towards a chronic bronchitis phenotype, since the G:3A haplotype was associated with a predominantly emphysematous phenotype in our study

The Effect of Doxycycline on PMA-Induced MUC5B Expression via MMP-9 and p38 in NCI-H292 Cells

ObjectivesDoxycycline is commonly used in medicine for its bacteriostatic antimicrobial properties. Recent studies have reported that doxycycline also has anti-inflammatory effects. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 has been found to be involved in the physiological and pathological process of inflammatory airway disease. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, is known to stimulate the expression of MMP and mucin genes in the airway and intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, the effects and signal pathways of doxycycline on PMA-induced MUC5B expression dependent MMP-9 in human airway epithelial cells were investigated.MethodsIn human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells, MUC5B and MMP-9 mRNA expression, MUC5B protein expression, and MMP-9 protein activity after the treatment with PMA, MMP-9 or doxycycline were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme immunoassay, gelatin zymography, and Western blot analysis.ResultsPMA increased MMP-9 and MUC5B expression. MMP-9 increased MUC5B expression. Doxycycline inhibited PMA-induced MUC5B expression, and PMA-induced MMP-9 mRNA expression and protein activity. Doxycycline inhibited phosphorylation of p38 induced by PMA and MMP-9.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that doxycycline inhibited PMA-induced MUC5B mRNA expression and protein production through the MMP-9 and p38 pathways in human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells

SERPINE2 Polymorphisms and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A number of genome-wide linkage analyses have identified the 2q33.3-2q37.2 region as most likely to contain the genes that contribute to the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was hypothesized that the SERPINE2 gene, which is one of the genes located at the 2q33.3-2q37.2 region, may act as a low-penetrance susceptibility gene for COPD. To test this hypothesis, the association of four SERPINE2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs16865421A>G, rs7583463A>C, rs729631C>G, and rs6734100C>G) with the risk of COPD was investigated in a case-control study of 311 COPD patients and 386 controls. The SNP rs16865421 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of COPD in a dominant model for the polymorphic allele (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.45-0.97, P=0.03). In haplotype analysis, the GACC haplotype carrying the polymorphic allele at the rs16865421 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of COPD when compared to the AACC haplotype (adjusted OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.38-0.89, P=0.01), and this effect was evident in younger individuals (adjusted OR=0.30, 95% CI=0.14-0.64, P=0.002). This study suggests that the SERPINE2 gene contributes to the susceptibility to COPD

Post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease: Insights from a machine learning radiographic model

IntroductionPost-acute sequelae of COVID-19 seem to be an emerging global crisis. Machine learning radiographic models have great potential for meticulous evaluation of post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease (ILD).MethodsIn this multicenter, retrospective study, we included consecutive patients that had been evaluated 3 months following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection between 01/02/2021 and 12/5/2022. High-resolution computed tomography was evaluated through Imbio Lung Texture Analysis 2.1.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-two (n = 232) patients were analyzed. FVC% predicted was ≥80, between 60 and 79 and &lt;60 in 74.2% (n = 172), 21.1% (n = 49), and 4.7% (n = 11) of the cohort, respectively. DLCO% predicted was ≥80, between 60 and 79 and &lt;60 in 69.4% (n = 161), 15.5% (n = 36), and 15.1% (n = 35), respectively. Extent of ground glass opacities was ≥30% in 4.3% of patients (n = 10), between 5 and 29% in 48.7% of patients (n = 113) and &lt;5% in 47.0% of patients (n = 109). The extent of reticulation was ≥30%, 5–29% and &lt;5% in 1.3% (n = 3), 24.1% (n = 56), and 74.6% (n = 173) of the cohort, respectively. Patients (n = 13, 5.6%) with fibrotic lung disease and persistent functional impairment at the 6-month follow-up received antifibrotics and presented with an absolute change of +10.3 (p = 0.01) and +14.6 (p = 0.01) in FVC% predicted at 3 and 6 months after the initiation of antifibrotic.ConclusionPost-COVID-19-ILD represents an emerging entity. A substantial minority of patients presents with fibrotic lung disease and might experience benefit from antifibrotic initiation at the time point that fibrotic-like changes are “immature.” Machine learning radiographic models could be of major significance for accurate radiographic evaluation and subsequently for the guidance of therapeutic approaches

Association of chronic obstructive pylmonary disease pathogenesis with polymorphisms and haplotypes of the endothelin-1 gene

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an entity with many phenotypes, different pathophysiological characteristics, that exhibits in all cases a diminished FEV to FVC ratio. Nevertheless, recent studies show that there is not a strict relationship between airway inflammation and FEV1 decline in patients with COPD, contrasting a 40 year literature [Roy K, et al 2009]. The aim of all recent studies dealing with genetics in COPD is the distinction of different phenotypes and the elucidation of the genetic profile of the disease. COPD is a multi-gene disorder, and knowing that it is composited by many phenotypes, one can say that, in the near future, “holistic COPD phenotype” will be unraveled in many distinguished phenotypes, leading to a personalized and patient-targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The current study contributed in: a. Designing primers and probes for the +134InsA/DelA polymorphism that could clearly distinguish both 3A and 4A alleles. b. Exhibiting that both +134InsA/DelA & G198T polymorphisms are implicated in COPD progression and severity (as defined by FEV1 values). At the same time, we managed to highlight the genetic profile of the susceptible to smoke smoker, associating haplotypes and polymorphisms of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene (+134InsA/DelA & G198T) with COPD. c. Showing the implication of the +134InsA/DelA polymorphism with static lung hyperinflation and increased airway resistance. d. Revealing the association of +134InsA/DelA & G198T polymorphisms with exercise tolerance. According to our knowledge, the current study is the first in the literature showing association of ET-1 gene with lung function deterioration.Η ΧΑΠ είναι νόσος με πολλούς φαινοτύπους, με παθοφυσιολογία που διαφέρει σε κάθε έναν από αυτούς, με κοινό χαρακτηριστικό την πτώση του λόγου FEV1/FVC. Παρόλα ταύτα πολύ πρόσφατες μελέτες δείχνουν πως δεν υπάρχει σαφής συσχέτιση μεταξύ της προσεκτικά μετρούμενης φλεγμονής στους αεραγωγούς και της πτώσης της FEV1 σε ομάδες ασθενών με ΧΑΠ, κάτι που δυνητικά μπορεί να ανατρέψει βιβλιογραφία 40 ετών [Roy K, et al 2009]. Στόχος όλων των γενετικών μελετών στη ΧΑΠ είναι ο διαχωρισμός των φαινοτύπων και η δημιουργία του γενετικού προφίλ της νόσου. Γνωρίζοντας πως η ΧΑΠ είναι πολυγονιδιακή νόσος και σε συνδυασμό με τη μεγάλη ποικιλότητα των φαινοτύπων της, οι γενετικές αλλοιώσεις φαίνεται πως οδηγούν σε διαφορετικό φαινότυπο, που τώρα ολιστικά ορίζεται ως νόσος «ΧΑΠ», αλλά σίγουρα στο εγγύς μέλλον θα διαχωριστεί σε επιμέρους ομάδες στα πλαίσια μιας πιο αποτελεσματικής και εξατομικευμένης θεραπευτικής προσέγγισης. Η παρούσα μελέτη μεταξύ άλλων, συνέβαλε στα εξής: α. Σχεδιασμός και αξιολόγηση εκκινητών και ιχνηθέτων για τον +134InsA/DelA πολυμορφισμό, με υψηλή διακριτική ικανότητα έναντι των αλληλίων 3Α και 4Α. β. Ανέδειξε την εμπλοκή των πολυμορφισμών+134InsA/DelA και G198T στην εμφάνιση αλλά και στη βαρύτητα της ΧΑΠ (όπως αυτή αξιολογείται με την FEV1), ενώ σκιαγραφήθηκε και το γενετικό προφίλ του ευαίσθητου στον καπνό του τσιγάρου καπνιστή, με λεπτομερή συσχέτιση των απλοτύπων των πολυμορφισμών της ΕΤ-1 που εμπλέκονται στη ΧΑΠ. γ. Ανέδειξε πιθανή εμπλοκή του +134InsA/DelA πολυμορφισμού στην στατική υπερδιάταση και στις αυξημένες αντιστάσεις στη ροή του αέρα στους πνεύμονες δ. Σκιαγράφησε τη σχέση των +134InsA/DelA και G198T με την ανοχή στην άσκηση και συνέκρινε τα αποτελέσματα αυτά με όσα ήδη υπάρχουν στη βιβλιογραφία. Η παρούσα μελέτη είναι η πρώτη που συσχετίζει πολυμορφισμούς με πολλαπλές αξιολογήσεις της αναπνευστικής λειτουργίας, πέραν της FEV1, κάτι που σκιαγραφεί με λεπτομέρεια το φαινότυπο της ΧΑΠ