Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and solvent extraction of papaya seed oil : yield, fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol profile.

The main objective of the current work was to evaluate the suitability of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for the recovery of oil from papaya seed as compared to conventional extraction techniques (i.e., Soxhlet extraction (SXE) and solvent extraction (SE)). In the present study, the recovery yield, fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol profile of papaya seed oil obtained from different extraction methods and conditions were compared. Results indicated that both solvent extraction (SE, 12 h/25 °C) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods recovered relatively high yields (79.1% and 76.1% of total oil content, respectively). Analysis of fatty acid composition revealed that the predominant fatty acids in papaya seed oil were oleic (18:1, 70.5%–74.7%), palmitic (16:0, 14.9%–17.9%), stearic (18:0, 4.50%–5.25%), and linoleic acid (18:2, 3.63%–4.6%). Moreover, the most abundant triacylglycerols of papaya seed oil were triolein (OOO), palmitoyl diolein (POO) and stearoyl oleoyl linolein (SOL). In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the triacylglycerol profile of papaya seed oil, but no significant differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of papaya seed oil extracted by different extraction methods (SXE, SE and UAE) and conditions

The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on some selected physicochemical properties of black cumin (Nigella Sativa)

Background In the present study, the effects of ultrasound pretreatment parameters including irradiation time and power on the quantity of the extracted phenolic compounds quantity as well as on some selected physicochemical properties of the extracted oils including oil extraction efficiency, acidity and peroxide values, color, and refractive index of the extracted oil of black cumin seeds with the use of cold press have been studied. Methods For each parameter, three different levels (30, 60, and 90 W) for the ultrasound power and (30, 45, and 60 min) and for the ultrasound irradiation time were studied. Each experiment was performed in three replications. Results The achieved results revealed that, with enhancements in the applied ultrasound power, the oil extraction efficiency, acidity value, total phenolic content, peroxide value, and color parameters increased significantly (P 0.05). Conclusions In summary, it could be mentioned that the application of ultrasound pretreatment in the oil extraction might improve the oil extraction efficiency, the extracted oil’s quality, and the extracted phenolic compounds content.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from potato peels: profiling and kinetic modelling

peer-reviewedUltrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) at 33 and 42 kHz has been investigated in the extraction of polyphenols from peels of two potato varieties, cream‐skinned Lady Claire (LC) and pink‐skinned Lady Rosetta (LR), commonly used in snack food production. Extraction efficacy between the UAE‐untreated (control) and the UAE‐treated extracts was assessed on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacities (DPPH and FRAP). Application of UAE showed significantly higher recovery of phenolic compounds compared to solid–liquid extraction process alone. Lower ultrasonic frequency (33 kHz) was more effective in recovering polyphenols compared to 42 kHz ultrasonic treatment. The liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry revealed that chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were the most prevalent phenolics in LR peels, whereas caffeic acid was dominant in LC peels. Peleg's equation showed a good correlation (R2 > 0.92) between the experimental values and the predicted values on the kinetics of UAE of phenolic compounds.The authors acknowledge financial support from the ‘NovTechIng’ project funded under the Food Institutional Research Measure (Project No. FIRM/11/F/050) by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine

Soy protein–gum karaya conjugate: emulsifying activity and rheological behavior in aqueous system and oil in water emulsion

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of mixing and conjugation of soy protein isolate (SPI) with gum karaya on the characteristics of the hybrid polymer (protein–gum) in both aqueous systems and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. It was hypothesized that the covalent linkage of gum karaya with SPI would improve the emulsifying activity and rheological properties of both polymers. Conjugation occurred under controlled conditions (i.e., 60 °C and 75 % relative humidity, 3 days). The conjugated hybrid polymer produced smaller droplet with better uniformity, higher viscosity and stronger emulsifying activity than native gum karaya, suggesting the conjugated polymer provided a bulkier secondary layer with more efficient coverage around oil droplets, thereby inducing stronger resistance against droplet aggregation and flocculation. Emulsions containing the native gum karaya produced the largest droplet size among all prepared emulsions (D 3,2 = 8.6 μm; D 4,3 = 22.4 μm); while the emulsion containing protein–gum conjugate (1:1 g/g) had the smallest droplet size (D 3,2 = 0.2 μm; D 4,3 = 0.7 μm) with lower polydispersity. The protein–gum conjugate (1:1 g/g) also showed the highest elastic and viscous modulus, the lowest polydispersity (span) and the highest emulsifying activity among all native, mixed and conjugated polymers. Therefore, the percentage of gum karaya used for production of O/W emulsion can be decreased by partially replacing it with the conjugated gum

Characterization of virgin avocado oil obtained via advanced green technique

The quality characteristics, bioactive phytochemicals, volatile compounds, and antioxidant capacities of virgin avocado oil extracted using a couple of green methods, namely, subcritical CO2 extraction (SCO2) and ultrasound‐assisted aqueous extraction (UAAE), are compared with the oil extracted using the conventional solvent extraction. Results indicate the quality properties of avocado oil are unaffected by extraction methods. The total phenolic content of avocado oil is in the range of 111.27–130.17 mg GAE/100 g and the major phytosterol is β‐sitosterol (1.91–2.47 g kg−1). Avocado oil extracted using SCO2 exhibits two to four times greater levels of α‐ and γ‐tocopherols than solvent extraction and UAAE. The volatile components associated with nutty and grassy flavors are only detected in avocado oil extracted under low‐temperature extraction conditions such as SCO2 and UAAE. Based on the antioxidant capacity tests, avocado oil obtained by SCO2 exhibits the strongest antioxidant capacity compared with solvent extraction and UAAE

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) and Solvent Extraction of Papaya Seed Oil: Yield, Fatty Acid Composition and Triacylglycerol Profile

The main objective of the current work was to evaluate the suitability of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for the recovery of oil from papaya seed as compared to conventional extraction techniques (i.e., Soxhlet extraction (SXE) and solvent extraction (SE)). In the present study, the recovery yield, fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol profile of papaya seed oil obtained from different extraction methods and conditions were compared. Results indicated that both solvent extraction (SE, 12 h/25 °C) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods recovered relatively high yields (79.1% and 76.1% of total oil content, respectively). Analysis of fatty acid composition revealed that the predominant fatty acids in papaya seed oil were oleic (18:1, 70.5%–74.7%), palmitic (16:0, 14.9%–17.9%), stearic (18:0, 4.50%–5.25%), and linoleic acid (18:2, 3.63%–4.6%). Moreover, the most abundant triacylglycerols of papaya seed oil were triolein (OOO), palmitoyl diolein (POO) and stearoyl oleoyl linolein (SOL). In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) significantly (p &lt; 0.05) influenced the triacylglycerol profile of papaya seed oil, but no significant differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of papaya seed oil extracted by different extraction methods (SXE, SE and UAE) and conditions

Att tillgodose personcentrerad vård hos personer med multipel skleros i ordinärt boende

Bakgrund: Multipel skleros (MS) är en sjukdom i centrala nervsystemet med varierande sjukdomsförlopp som ofta orsakar olika funktionshinder och lidande. Sjukdomen är i början vanligtvis i form av skov. Mellan skoven är symtomen ofta milda eller frånvarande. Sjukdomen övergår hos de flesta av dessa personer till en sekundär progressiv fas. Variationen av symtom innebär en utmaning för vården att bemöta personen med rätt vårdinsatser i rätt tid.  Personcentrerad vård för personer med MS utgår ifrån patientens delaktighet i sin vård och dennes värderingar.  Syfte: Syftet med den här studien var att beskriva hur personcentrerad vård tillgodoses ur ett patientperspektiv hos personer med multipel skleros i ordinärt boende.  Metod: Studien var en allmän litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs metod med en deduktiv ansats. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar valdes för studiens resultat.  Resultat: Studien utgick från personcentrerad vårds tre nyckelbegrepp, partnerskap, berättelse och dokumentation. Det framkom sex underkategorier nämligen, att få ökad kunskap om sjukdomen, att egenvården främjas, att göras delaktig i vårdplanering, att förmedla sin berättelse i planeringen av vården, att beskriva symptom och dess konsekvenser och att anteckna i dagbok för sin vård.  Slutsats: Genom ökad kunskap och undervisning skapas möjlighet till delaktighet i vården och där personen med MS ses som en självklar partner. Den ökade kunskapen och undervisningen främjar egenvården och därefter kan vanliga komplikationer vid MS förebyggas. Digitala verktyg såsom mobil applikation och e-dagbok kan bidra till delaktighet och dokumentation som tillsammans med personer med MS egna berättelser om sina symtom och sina önskemål kan ligga till grund för en personcentrerad vårdplan

Social Policy in Japan and Sweden; A Proper Pattern for Iranian Elderlies

Objectives:&nbsp;In developed countries, aging of population is not a new phenomenon.&nbsp;However, in under development countries, such as Iran, it is necessary to think about the welfare of elderlies from now on. Due to the degradation of physical and mental abilities of elderlies, they are threatening by crucial problems. Therefore, to be safe and secure, elderlies must be provided by special supports originating from certain social policies. In this paper, by explaining practical instances in Japan and Sweden, we try to present a proper pattern for elderlies in Iran. One of the significant similarities in Japan and Iran is preserving traditions when industrial development occurs. Methods & Materials:&nbsp;Japanese traditions have been regarded well already whereas in Iran. The industry is developing while traditional culture is considered. Using the new policies of Japan to target Iranian elderlies can utilize economic and cultural frameworks in society, family and other social organizations and thus present comprehensively .supportive programs to the most of elderlies.&nbsp; Results:&nbsp;One of the basic politics of Sweden for elderlies is maintaing them in homes even when they require extensive health bcares. This paper proposes that expanding social and retirement insurances to all persons who are aging above sixty, either men or women, can provide elderlies with an appropriate support. By this policy, the family, as a huge resource, and other traditional organizations, which are often non-governmental, can provide valuable facilities. The most important reason to offer this policy in Iran is the limitations of possibilities to support elderlies. If our policies obey the old policies of the west world, it concludes with providing some reprehensive services to a limited number of elderlies in cities. Conclusion:&nbsp;Using the available, practical indicators in the developed countries with high rate of aging people helps Iranian researchers to continue their researches properly in the field of elderliness

Social issues and post-earthquake rehabilitation (A qualitative study in the city of Sarpol-e Zahab)

r, there is not a sufficiently deep understanding of the social issues caused by earthquakes; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the social issues that arose during the return to life after the November 2017 earthquake in the city of Sarpol-e Zahab. The research is qualitative and content analysis method has been used to conduct research operations. The study population consisted of earthquake victims and urban social experts in the Sarpol-e-Zahab earthquake. Sampling was theoretical and was performed using targeted strategies and snowballs. Based on this, 48 interviews were conducted with earthquake victims and social experts. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and context-based analysis with the systematic strategy of Strauss and Corbin. This qualitative study categorizes the two main categories of social vulnerability (a priori social problems, lack of sensitivity to vulnerable groups, neglect of social rehabilitation, vulnerability due to loss of property and assets, influx of non-natives) and Forgetfulness and abandonment Examining the sub-categories (unfinished housing, incompatibility of housing reconstruction with local culture and lack of priority for job creation, which has led to delays in returning to normal life. According to the results of the study, social issues are hidden in the layers of social life. It occurs after the earthquake and is less considered in post-earthquake programs and studies. Therefore, policy makers and social planners should develop a comprehensive plan that considers these hidden issues and the process of returning to life. Facilitate normalization after an earthquake

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and solvent extraction of papaya seed oil: crystallization and thermal behavior, saturation degree, color and oxidative stability

The main objective of the current work was to evaluate the suitability of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) as compared to different conventional methods (i.e. Soxhlet extraction (SXE) and solvent extraction (SE)) for the recovery of papaya seed oil (PSO) from Malaysian Sekaki papaya variety. The efficiency of different extraction methods was evaluated by comparing the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of the extracted PSOs. The main analytical tests were iodine value (IV), unsaponifiable matters, color, crystallization and melting behavior, peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), and TOTOX value (TV). Results indicated that extraction method (UAE) considerably influenced the physicochemical properties of the extracted PSO. In this study, UAE provided PSO with significantly (p < 0.05) lighter color, lower unsaponifiable matters (1.35%) and higher oxidative stability (PV, 0.18 mequiv./kg; TV, 0.93) than conventional extraction techniques (SXE and SE techniques)