Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Journal Recommendations and Requirements for Surgical and Anesthesiologic Adverse Events Reporting

BACKGROUND: Standards for reporting surgical adverse events (AEs) vary widely within the scientific literature. Failure to adequately capture AEs hinders efforts to measure the safety of healthcare delivery and improve the quality of care. The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence and typology of perioperative AE reporting guidelines among surgery and anesthesiology journals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In November 2021, three independent reviewers queried journal lists from the SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) portal (www.scimagojr.com), a bibliometric indicator database for surgery and anesthesiology academic journals. Journal characteristics were summarized using SCImago, a bibliometric indicator database extracted from Scopus journal data. Quartile 1 (Q1) was considered the top quartile and Q4 bottom quartile based on the journal impact factor. Journal author guidelines were collected to determine whether AE reporting recommendations were included and, if so, the preferred reporting procedures. RESULTS: Of 1409 journals queried, 655 (46.5%) recommended surgical AE reporting. Journals most likely to recommend AE reporting were: by category surgery (59.1%), urology (53.3%), and anesthesia (52.3%); in top SJR quartiles (i.e. more influential); by region, based in Western Europe (49.8%), North America (49.3%), and the Middle East (48.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery and anesthesiology journals do not consistently require or provide recommendations on perioperative AE reporting. Journal guidelines regarding AE reporting should be standardized and are needed to improve the quality of surgical AE reporting with the ultimate goal of improving patient morbidity and mortality

A galaxy-scale fountain of cold molecular gas pumped by a black hole

We present ALMA and MUSE observations of the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Abell 2597, a nearby (z = 0:0821) cool core cluster of galaxies. The data map the kinematics of a three billion solar mass filamentary nebula that spans the innermost 30 kpc of the galaxy’s core. Its warm ionized and cold molecular components are both cospatial and comoving, consistent with the hypothesis that the optical nebula traces the warm envelopes of many cold molecular clouds that drift in the velocity field of the hot X-ray atmosphere. The clouds are not in dynamical equilibrium, and instead show evidence for inflow toward the central supermassive black hole, outflow along the jets it launches, and uplift by the buoyant hot bubbles those jets inflate. The entire scenario is therefore consistent with a galaxy-spanning “fountain”, wherein cold gas clouds drain into the black hole accretion reservoir, powering jets and bubbles that uplift a cooling plume of low-entropy multiphase gas, which may stimulate additional cooling and accretion as part of a self-regulating feedback loop. All velocities are below the escape speed from the galaxy, and so these clouds should rain back toward the galaxy center from which they came, keeping the fountain long-lived. The data are consistent with major predictions of chaotic cold accretion, precipitation, and stimulated feedback models, and may trace processes fundamental to galaxy evolution at effectively all mass scale

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-related Anemia Of Chronic Disease: Relationship To Hematologic, Immune, And Iron Metabolism Parameters, And Lack Of Association With Serum Interferon-γ Levels

Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is frequent in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its etiology is multifactorial. In a group of 111 patients with HIV, 19 were diagnosed with ACD. Parameters related to iron metabolism, such as serum iron (SI), serum ferritin (SF), and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were correlated to levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and results compared to a group of 42 nonanemic patients with HIV. Measurements of erythropoietin (EPO), CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, and reticulocyte count (RTC) were determined to verify aspects related to severity of disease and bone marrow response. The results showed higher SF concentrations in ACD patients and normal or slightly increased sTfR measurements in both groups. There was no correlation between IFN-γ and SF and between IFN-γ and sTfR determinations. Lower CD4/CD8 values were obtained in ACD, and an inverse correlation was observed between IFN-γ and CD4/CD8 in groups with and without anemia. RTC counts and EPO concentrations were similar in both groups: Immature RTC were increased in patients with anemia, indicating an apparent attempt of marrow response to compensate the increased demand. Our data showed no correlation between IFN-γ levels and iron disturbances in ACD, but results reinforced the observation of enhanced immunologic system deterioration in patients with HIV and ACD.168361365Bain, B.J., Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of anemia in HIV infection (1999) Curr Opin Hematol, 6, p. 89Kreuzer, K.A., Rockstroh, J.K., Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of anemia in HIV infection (1997) Ann Hematol, 75, pp. 179-187Evans, R.H., Scadden, D.T., Haematological aspects of HIV infection (2000) Baillières Clin Haematol, 13, pp. 215-230Moses, A., Nelson, J., Bagby G.C., Jr., The influence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 on hematopoiesis (1998) Blood, 91, pp. 1479-1495Forsyth, B.W., Andiman, W.A., O'Connor, T., Development of a prognosis-based clinical staging system for infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus (1996) J Pediatr, 129, pp. 648-655Moore, R.D., Keruly, J.C., Chaisson, R.S., Anemia and survival in HIV infection (1998) J Acquir Immune Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 19, pp. 29-33Coyle, T.E., Hematologic complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1997) Med Clin North Am, 81, pp. 449-470Weiss, G., Iron and anemia of chronic disease (1999) Kidney Int, 55, pp. S12-S17Curran, J.W., HIV e a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: Epidemiologia da infecção por HIV e AIDS/SIDA (1997) Cecil Tratado de Medicina Interna, 20th ed., pp. 2037-2042. , Bennett JC, and Plum F, eds, Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara KooganGupta, S., Imam, A., Licorish, K., Serum ferritin in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1986) J Clin Lab Immunol, 20, pp. 11-13Brock, J.H., Iron homeostasis and macrophage function in inflammation (1997) Biometals, 10, p. 231Savarino, A., Pescarmona, G.P., Boelaert, J.R., Iron metabolism and HIV infection: Reciprocal interactions with potentially harmful consequences? (1999) Cell Biochem Funct, 17, pp. 279-287Means R.T., Jr., Advances in the anemia of chronic disease (1999) Int J Hematol, 70, pp. 7-12Weinberg, E.D., Weinberg, G.A., The role of iron infection (1995) Curr Opin Infect Dis, 8, pp. 164-169Aboulafia, D.M., Mitsuyasu, R.T., Hematologic abnormalities in AIDS (1991) Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 5, pp. 195-214Spada, C., Treitinger, A., Hoshikawa-Fujimura, A.Y., HIV influence on hematopoiesis at the initial stage of infection (1998) Eur J Haematol, 61, pp. 255-260Sullivan, P.S., Hanson, D.L., Chu, S.Y., Jones, J.L., Ward, J.W., Epidemiology of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons: Results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease surveillance project (1998) Blood, 91, pp. 301-30

The Fold-in, Fold-out Design for DCE Choice Tasks: Application to Burden of Disease

Contains fulltext : 206731.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) I. Introduction to the survey★

The Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) is a blind narrow-band (NB) Hα+[NII] imaging survey carried out with MegaCam at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. The survey covers the whole Virgo cluster region from its core to one virial radius (104 deg2). The sensitivity of the survey is of f(Hα) ~ 4 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 (5σ detection limit) for point sources and Σ(Hα) ~ 2 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 (1σ detection limit at 3 arcsec resolution) for extended sources, making VESTIGE the deepest and largest blind NB survey of a nearby cluster. This paper presents the survey in all its technical aspects, including the survey design, the observing strategy, the achieved sensitivity in both the NB Hα+[NII] and in the broad-band r filter used for the stellar continuum subtraction, the data reduction, calibration, and products, as well as its status after the first observing semester. We briefly describe the Hα properties of galaxies located in a 4 × 1 deg2 strip in the core of the cluster north of M87, where several extended tails of ionised gas are detected. This paper also lists the main scientific motivations for VESTIGE, which include the study of the effects of the environment on galaxy evolution, the fate of the stripped gas in cluster objects, the star formation process in nearby galaxies of different type and stellar mass, the determination of the Hα luminosity function and of the Hα scaling relations down to ~106 M⊙ stellar mass objects, and the reconstruction of the dynamical structure of the Virgo cluster. This unique set of data will also be used to study the HII luminosity function in hundreds of galaxies, the diffuse Hα+[NII] emission of the Milky Way at high Galactic latitude, and the properties of emission line galaxies at high redshift