Rereading Al-Tabari through Al-Maturidi: New light on the third century hijri

MakaleErken dönem tefsir tarihindeki en önemli iki sima olan Ṭaberī ve Mātürīdī’ninaynı dönemde yaşamaları ve büyük oranda aynı problemlerle karşı karşıya kalmaları nedeniyle hem benzer konulardaki yaklaşımları hem de birbirlerine karşı konumları merak konusu olmuştur. Ṭaberī öncesi tefsīr tarihinde her ne kadar Muḳātil b. Süleyman gibi günümüze tefsirleri ulaşabilmiş isimler zikredilse de Ṭaberī’nin tefsir tarihi üzerindeki şekillendirici etkisi kuşkusuz daha büyük olmuştur. Ṭaberī merkeze alınarak oluşturulan tefsir tarihi, yararları olduğundan daha fazla kayıplara neden olmuştur. Hicri üçüncü asrın Ṭaberī zaviyesinden görülmesi, Ṭaberī’yi tanımamızda etkili olduğu kadar Ṭaberī’nin aynı dönemde dışarıdan nasıl görüldüğünü bilmemizi de engellemiştir. Yazar tarafından bu problemi aşabilmenin, aynı dönemdeki başka bir müfessirin gözüyle dönemi okumakla mümkün olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Elinizdeki bu makale, yayımlandığı tarih itibariyle Batıda yapılan Ṭaberī merkezli tefsir çalışmalarının geldiği noktayı özetlediği ve üçüncü yüzyıla yönelik alışılmışın dışında bir okuma önerdiği için tercüme edilme gereği duyulmuştur.As al-Ṭabarī and al-Māturīdī, the two most important figures in the history of early Qur’anic Exegesis, lived in the same period and faced the same problems to a large extent, both their approaches to similar issues and their positions against each other have been a matter of curiosity. Although names such as Muqātil b. Sulaymān whose exegesis have survived to the present are mentioned in the history of exegesis before al-Ṭabarī, the shaping effect of etkisiaberi on the history of tafsir was undoubtedly greater. The history of Qur’anic Exegesis, which was created by putting al-Ṭabarī in the center, has also caused more losses than its benefits. The fact that the third century of Hijri was seen from the al-Ṭabarī’s perspective was effective in our recognition of al-Ṭabarī as well as preventing us from knowing how al-Ṭabarī was seen from outside in the same period. It is thought by the author that it is possible to overcome this problem by reading the period through the eyes of another commentator in the same period. This article at hand,as of the date of its publication, it shows the point where the Western Qur’anic Exegesis studies made in the West and suggests an unusual reading for the third century, for this reason, it was necessary to be translate

Primary Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Peritoneum: A Case of Complete Remission of Bulky Peritoneal Disease After Chemotherapy

Peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma is a rare tumor that involves the surface of the pelvic and/or abdominal peritoneum. Long-term survival among patients with this tumor has been rare. Most patients with this cancer have been treated with debulking surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. A case of incompletely resected peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma with a complete response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy is reported. Subsequent laparotomy revealed no residual tumor. This case suggests that primary chemotherapy may be successful in treating unresectable primary papillary serous tumors of the peritoneum

Karakterizacija terenskih izolata virusa zarazne bolesti Fabricijeve burze u Jordanu uporabom molekularnih metoda - kratko priopćenje.

The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RTPCR/ RFLP) and RT-PCR specific primer to detect very virulent (vv) strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were used for identification and characterization of Jordanian field isolates of IBDV that caused severe outbreaks. In this study, 80 bursa of fabricius samples were used from 20 commercial broiler chicken flocks in Jordan with clinical symptoms of IBDV. The RT-PCR/RFLP was conducted on a 743-bp fragment of the VP2 gene with the restriction enzymes BstNI and MboI. The results indicate the existence of IBDV field strains in Jordan. In addition, 60% of IBDV Jordanian isolates had unique RFLP patterns different from those previously published elsewhere. However, 20% of local IBDV strains were positive on using a specific primer for vvIBDV and had a unique RFLP pattern that differed from the Jordanian IBDV isolate and those previously published elsewhere.Lančana reakcija polimerazom uz prethodnu reverznu transkripciju/polimorfizam dužine restrikcijskih fragmenata (RT PCR/RFLP) i RT-PCR specifične početnice za jako virulentne sojeve virusa zarazne bolesti Fabricijeve burze (ZBFB) bile su rabljene za identifikaciju i karakterizaciju jordanskih terenskih izolata toga virusa koji su uzrokovali teški oblik bolesti. Za istraživanje je bilo rabljeno 80 uzoraka tkiva Fabricijeve burze uzetih iz 20 komercijalnih jata tovnih pilića u Jordanu u kojih su ustanovljeni klinički znakovi ZBFB a. RT-PCR/ RFLP proveden je na odsječku gena VP2 od 743-bp s restrikcijskim enzimima BstNI i MboI. Rezultati upućuju na postojanje terenskih sojeva virusa ZBFB-a od kojih je 60% izolata imalo jedinstveni RFLP obrazac različit od onoga već objavljenog drugdje. Ipak, 20% lokalnih sojeva virusa bilo je pozitivno uporabom specifične početnice za jako virulentni virus i imalo je jedinstveni obrazac RFLP različit u jordanskih izolata u odnosu na izolate objavljene drugdje

POTENTIAL ROLE OF MILK THISTLE SEED AND ITS OIL EXTRACTS AGAINST HEART AND BRAIN INJURIES INDUCED BY γ-RADIATION EXPOSURE

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Silybum marianum (S. marianum) seeds extract its oil fraction against damage effect of γ-radiation in female albino rats.Methods: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used for the extraction of S. marianum seeds. Lipid patterns of S. marianum seeds oil were elucidated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). S. marianum seeds extract was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) were estimated in heart and brain tissues of the examined rats. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) were measured in the serum of the examined rats, and the brain biomarkers; dopamine and serotonin were also measured.Results: The oil was found to be rich in linoleic acid (58.20%) and arachidic acid (23.38%). S. marianum seeds extract revealed the presence of taxifolin and six main active constituents of silymarin, including silydianin, silychristin, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A and isosilybin B. Treatment of γ-radiation damage effect using S. marianum seeds extract and its oil fraction led to a significant reduction of MDA levels in heart (139.6 and 165.5 nmol/g, respectively) and brain (158.5 and 135.2 nmol/g, respectively) tissues, however, significant increase of GSH levels in heart (316.4 and 293 mg/g, respectively) and brain (210.4 and 227 mg/g, respectively) tissues was observed, also a significant increase of dopamine levels (85.27 and 65.74 ng/g, respectively) and MT levels of heart tissues (108.5 and 70.52 mg/g, respectively) was observed.Conclusion: S. marianum seeds extract and its oil fraction showed a protective effect against γ-radiation-induced damage in heart and brain.Â

Multi-environmental evaluation of wheat tetraploid genotypes for agronomic traits under rainfed conditions in Syria

This study was conducted at Homs, Al-Swaida and Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria during 2016/2017 season. Seven wheat genotypes were planted under rainfed conditions in randomized complete block design with three replications. Studied traits were days to maturity, plant height, number of grain per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 kernal weight and grain yield per plant to evaluate variance between genotypes and locations. Results showed existence of high variance between studied genotypes in all traits especially plant height. It resulted that genotype W45193 was significantly superior in grain yield per plant with an increasing rate of 69.62% comparing to control Sham 5. Also, it was significantly superior in spike numbers with an increasing rate of 53.53%, 57.24% compared to both controls Sham 3 and Sham 5, respectively. Genotype W45064 was significantly superior in grain weight per spike and 1000 kernal weight compare to both controls Sham 3 and Sham 5. W 45194 was significantly superior in 1000 kernal weight comparing to control Sham 5 (36.34, 31.16 g), respectively. Furthermore, all studied traits (except spike number per plant) were more significant in Tartous compare to both Homs and Al-Swaida

Safety and efficacy of implantable phakic contact lens versus implantable collamer lens in myopia correction

Background: Phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs) have proven to be excellent substitutes for excimer laser keratorefractive surgery in certain situations. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of two pIOLs, the implantable collamer lens (ICL V4c) versus the implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL V2), for myopic correction. Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, we allocated eligible eyes with myopia > - 6 diopters into IPCL or ICL implantation groups, each including 100 eyes of 100 individuals. Preoperative and postoperative assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months included measurements of the spherical equivalent (SE), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), maximum keratometry (K1), minimum keratometry (K2), mean keratometry (Kmean), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and endothelial cell density (ECD). Results: The groups had comparable demographic characteristics and baseline visual and anatomical values (all P > 0.05). The UCDVA, BCDVA, and SE of the two groups were comparable at baseline and at all postoperative follow-up examinations (all P > 0.05). Both groups experienced significant improvements in UCDVA, BCDVA, and SE at three months postoperatively (all P = 0.001), and measurements remained stable for up to 12 months. Keratometry readings were comparable between the groups over the follow-up period and remained unchanged at all visits (all P > 0.05). The ACA in the ICL group was significantly decreased at three months postoperatively (P = 0.001) and then widened significantly at 6 and 12 months (both P = 0.001). In the IPCL group, the postoperative ACA was significantly decreased at three months (P = 0.001) and was comparable to that in the ICL group (P > 0.01). However, at the 6- and 12-month postoperative visits, the ACA was significantly narrower in the IPCL group than in the ICL group (both P = 0.001). The ACD in both groups was decreased at three months postoperatively (both P = 0.001) and remained stable until the end of the study. The ECD remained comparable between the groups at all postoperative visits (all P > 0.05). We did not observe a significant ECD reduction in either group at any postoperative follow-up visit (all P > 0.05). We encountered no serious complications in either group. Conclusions: ICL and IPCL had comparable safety and efficacy outcomes in terms of anterior chamber morphometrics, visual and refractive results, and corneal parameters. Further multicenter randomized clinical trials with longer follow-up periods, larger sample sizes, and measurement of additional anterior chamber and corneal morphometrics, vault, and other vision parameters are needed to verify these findings

Longitudinal changes in peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion

Background: Associations between retinal venous occlusion (RVO), elevated intraocular pressure, and glaucoma have been reported. Further investigations into structural alterations in the fellow eyes of individuals with unilateral RVO have revealed that the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer is thinner than in healthy eyes, suggesting that there may be systemic risk factors common to both RVO and glaucoma. We aimed to evaluate changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) among individuals with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: This prospective observational study recruited 30 individuals (60 eyes) with newly diagnosed unilateral BRVO and macular edema, and a control group of 30 healthy individuals (30 eyes) with no abnormalities on fundus examination or concurrent systemic comorbidities. After baseline measurements, the participants were reassessed at 6, 12, and 24 months by measuring global and sectoral pRNFLT using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean age and sex distributions were comparable between the patient and control groups (both P > 0.05). When compared to fellow eyes, global and sectoral pRNFLT in eyes with BRVO were significantly higher at baseline (all P < 0.05). Over time, pRNFLT decreased dramatically, and by the conclusion of the two-year follow-up, there was a significant reduction from baseline in the affected eyes (all P < 0.05). Likewise, affected eyes experienced a significant improvement in best-corrected distance visual acuity and central macular thickness over the two-year follow-up (both P Less than or equal to 0.001). Comparing the global and all-sector pRNFLT of fellow eyes in the patient group with those of normal eyes in the control group, there were no significant differences at any visit, except in the temporal sector, which revealed a significant reduction in pRNFLT at 24 months in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral BRVO (P = 0.02).   Conclusions: Patients with unilateral BRVO experienced a significant reduction in pRNFLT in the affected eyes and, to a lesser extent, in the fellow eyes, compared with that of the control arm, suggesting that they are prone to retinal nerve fiber layer damage. The reduction in pRNFLT in the normal fellow eyes of patients with BRVO may be attributed to age or concurrent systemic comorbidities. Further studies with long follow-up periods are required to shed light on the etiology of functional and structural changes in both the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in the normal and affected eyes of patients with unilateral BRVO

Books in Arabic Script

The chapter approaches the book in Arabic script as the indispensable means for the transmission of knowledge across Eurasia and Africa, within cultures and across cultural boundaries, since the seventh century ad. The state of research can be divided into manuscript and print studies, but there is not yet a history of the book in Arabic script that captures its plurilinear development for over fourteen hundred years. The chapter explores the conceptual and practical challenges that impede the integration of the book in Arabic script into book history at large and includes an extensive reference list that reflects its diversity. The final published version was slightly updated, and includes seven illustrations of six Qurans from the holdings of Columbia University Libraries, four manuscripts and two printed versions. Moreover, the illustrations are images of historical artifacts which are in the public domain - despite Wiley's copyright claim

The global burden of injury: Incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the global burden of disease study 2013

Background The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used the disabilityadjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. This paper provides an overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country. Methods Injury mortality was estimated using the extensive GBD mortality database, corrections for illdefined cause of death and the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on inpatient and outpatient data sets, 26 cause-of-injury and 47 nature-of-injury categories, and seven follow-up studies with patient-reported long-term outcome measures. Results In 2013, 973 million (uncertainty interval (UI) 942 to 993) people sustained injuries that warranted some type of healthcare and 4.8 million (UI 4.5 to 5.1) people died from injuries. Between 1990 and 2013 the global age-standardised injury DALY rate decreased by 31% (UI 26% to 35%). The rate of decline in DALY rates was significant for 22 cause-of-injury categories, including all the major injuries. Conclusions Injuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. The decline in rates for almost all injuries is so prominent that it warrants a general statement that the world is becoming a safer place to live in. However, the patterns vary widely by cause, age, sex, region and time and there are still large improvements that need to be made

Al-Ṭabarī and the Dynamics of tafsīr: Theological Dimensions of a Legacy.

The Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl ayy al-Qurʾān is fittingly recognised as representing an important milestone in the history of the discipline of tafsīr: within the work, al-Ṭabarī accomplished a uniquely comprehensive exegetical synthesis of literary, grammatical, legal and theological elements, bringing a broader sense of definition and purpose to the discipline of tafsīr. Among the characteristic features of the scholarship of al-Ṭabarī are the objectivity and consistency he brought to his work and such qualities resonate in his gauging of theological issues and topics. While it has been customary to view al-Ṭabarī’s theology as being strictly informed by a rigidly traditionalist methodology, a circumspect review of theological discussions in the tafsīr reveals not only the author’s accomplished marshalling of the attendant arguments and theses, but also the spirit of autonomy and resourcefulness with which he assesses points of doctrine and dogma. In this article an attempt is made to analyse aspects of the intertwined theological discourses of the tafsīr and related treatises, bridging them with materials articulated in the biographical sources. The aim is to explore the relationship between his approach to scholarship along with the standpoints to which he adhered and their impact upon attitudes towards his remarkable work and legacy. Key words: Tafsīr; Islamic theology; al-Ṭabarī; istiwāʾ; ism and musammā; Arabic grammarians; classical Arabic biograph