Propuesta de mejora en las áreas de mantenimiento y operaciones para reducir los costos de la empresa Transportes San Felipe S. A.

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo general determinar en qué medida la propuesta de mejora en la gestión de operaciones y mantenimiento reduce los costos operativos en la empresa “Transportes San Felipe S.A.”. En primer lugar, se realizó un diagnóstico de la situación actual de empresa por cada área en estudio. Se seleccionó el área de operaciones y mantenimiento, debido a que eran las de mayor criticidad en la empresa, debido a la cantidad de unidades paradas en el estacionamiento, la perdida de dinero por no satisfacer a un cliente, la falta de organización en almacén, una mala selección de personal para las unidades. Una vez que se culminó la etapa de identificación de los problemas, se procedió a redactar el diagnóstico de la empresa, en el cual se tomó en cuenta todas las evidencias para demostrar lo mencionado anteriormente. Así mismo se realizó cálculos para determinar el impacto económico que generan en la empresa estas problemáticas representando en pérdidas monetarias. Además de ello, en el presente informe se explicación el proceso del servicio que brinda mediante las unidades. Se presenta planos de distribución de planta e imágenes de las unidades que posee, también una serie de fotografías donde se pueden observar las herramientas que utilizan. El presente trabajo de investigación presenta además la implementación de la propuesta de mejora enunciada anteriormente, y la evaluación económica y financiera que corresponde a la misma. En la empresa tomada como estos son algunos de los problemas que están influenciando negativamente en su rentabilidad y/o aumentan sus costos operativos: Falta de Capacitación a los Choferes. Falta de Programación de Mantenimiento. Falta de Encuesta de Satisfacción al Cliente. Falta de Limpieza y Orden en Almacén, La propuesta de implementación que se pretende diseñar, contiene normas que requieren de sistemas documentados que permitieran controlar los procesos que se utilizan para desarrollar y brindar el servicio de transporte de material. Finalmente, y con toda la información analizada y recolectada, y a partir del diagnóstico que ha sido elaborado, se presentara un análisis de los resultados para poder corroborar con datos cuantitativos las evidencias presentadas y la mejora lograda con la implementación de diversas mejoras en las áreas de operaciones y mantenimiento para reducir los costos operativos calculados con anterioridad.This work had as general objective to determine to what extent the proposed improvements in operations management and maintenance reduces operating costs in the company "Transportes San Felipe S.A.". First a diagnosis of the current situation of company for each area in study. the area of operations and maintenance, because they were the most critical in the company, due to the number of stops in the parking units, the loss of money by not satisfy a customer, lack of organization in stock was selected, poor selection of personnel for the units. Once the stage of problem identification was completed, we proceeded to draft the diagnosis of the company, which took into account all the evidence to prove the above. Also calculations were performed to determine the economic impact generated by the company representing these issues in monetary losses. Furthermore, in this report the process of service provided by the units explanation. plant layout drawings and images of the units has also a series of photographs where you can see the tools used is presented. This research also presents the implementation of the proposed improvements stated above, and economic and financial assessment corresponds to it. In the company taken as these are some of the problems that are negatively influencing their profitability and / or increase operating costs: Lack of training to drivers. Lack of Maintenance Scheduling Lack of Customer Satisfaction Survey. Lack of Cleaning and Order in Warehouse. The proposal aims to design implementation that contains rules that require documented systems that enable control processes used to develop and provide the transportation service material. Finally, with all analyzed and information collected, and from diagnosis has been made, an analysis of the results was presented to corroborate quantitative data the evidence presented and the improvement achieved by implementing various improvements in the areas of operations and maintenance to reduce operating costs calculated previously

Facilidad para hacer negocios en la Ciudad de Tacna

El Perú es un país que ha tenido un crecimiento sostenido de su economía durante los últimos 10 años, sin embargo, su economía sigue estando basada a la industria extractiva. Son varios los especialistas que se han manifestado sobre la necesidad de que el Perú pase de ser exportador de materias primas a exportador de productos terminados, para lograr este objetivo se requiere incentivar la inversión privada y para ello el punto de partida son las facilidades que debe ofrecer el Perú para hacer empresa. El Banco Mundial, con sus estudios subnacionales realizados bajo su metodología del Doing Business, está contribuyendo con todas las naciones en brindar información sobre su nivel dar facilidades para hacer negocio a nivel de cada país y tengan la posibilidad de potenciar sus procesos y aplicar las reformas estructurales necesarias para beneficio de sus economías. El presente trabajo ha tenido como objetivo el desarrollar un estudio cualitativo descriptivo, transversal, aplicando la metodología del Doing Business, en la ciudad de Tacna para contribuir en la identificación de las brechas entre lo establecido y la realidad respecto a los tiempos, costos y cumplimiento de los procedimientos administrativos vigentes de las diferentes instancias que intervienes en el flujo del proceso sobre las facilidades de hacer negocio en dicha ciudad. Para ello se ha realizado el estudio de gabinete que consisten en la recopilación información sobre la normativa peruana vigente y la información obtenida de entrevistas mediante el uso de cuestionarios realizados a empresarios, autoridades y profesionales de la ciudad de Tacna, para finalmente aportar con conclusiones y recomendaciones. Según los resultados del estudio, en la ciudad de Tacna existen aún muchos procesos administrativos que consumen tiempo y desgastan el ímpetu de constitución y puesta en operación de un negocio del empresario o emprendedor, el caso más extremo es relacionado a la obtención de los permisos de construcción para lo cual se necesita 252 días, sin considerar el tiempo que demoraría el procedimiento del estudio de impacto vial el cual está dentro de los procedimientos exigidos y publicados por la municipalidad de Tacna pero que no son exigidos cuando se gestiona el permiso; así mismo, al no tener la ciudad de Tacna un juzgado especializado en la resolución de controversias comerciales, cualquier disputa que pueda originarse es tratada, a través del Poder Judicial, por un tribunal de primera instancia tomando un tiempo promedio de 1,540 días. Estos hallazgos ponen en evidencia que existen oportunidades para hacer eficiente el sistema Peruano, deje de ser una barrera y se convierta en un impulsor para la creación de nuevas empresas en el PerúThe Peru is a country that has had a sustained growth of its economy during the last 10 years, however, its economy is still based on the extractive industry. There are several specialists who have expressed the need for Peru to move from being an exporter of raw materials to exporter of finished products, to achieve this goal is required to encourage private investment and for this the starting point are the facilities that must Offer Peru to do business. The World Bank, with its subnational studies carried out under its Doing Business methodology, is helping all nations in providing information about their level to Doing Business at the level of each country and They have to the possibility to strengthen their processes and implement the reforms that the benefit of their economies. The objective of the present document was to develop a descriptive, cross - sectional qualitative study using the Doing Business methodology in the Tacna city to contribute to the identification of the gaps between the established and the reality regarding time, costs and compliance Of the administrative procedures in force of the different instances that intervene in the flow of the process on the facilities of Doing Business in that city. For that, the study of the cabinet has been carried out, consisting of the collection of information on current Peruvian regulations and the information obtained from interviews through the use of questionnaires made to entrepreneurs, authorities and professionals of the city of Tacna. To finally contribute with conclusions and recommendations. According to the results of the study, in the Tacna city there are still many administrative processes that consume entrepreneur´s time and deplete their passion to set up and start up of a business, the most extreme case is related to obtaining permits construction for which it takes 252 days, without considering the time that would take the procedure of the study of road impact that is within the procedures demanded and published by the Municipality of Tacna city but that are not demanded when the permission is managed; Likewise, since the city of Tacna does not have a specialized court in the resolution of commercial disputes, any dispute that may arise is treated through the Judicial Branch, by a court of first instance, taking an average time of 1,540 days. These findings show that there are opportunities to make the Peruvian system more efficient, stop being a barrier and become and driving for the creation of new companies in PeruTesi

Isolation and characterization of mercury resistant trichoderma strains from soil with high levels of mercury and its effects on Arabidopsis thaliana mercury uptake

"Traditional mining activities are usually correlated with high levels of soil pollution, which is a major environmental concern. Extensive mining activities have taken place in the San Joaquin region in the State of Querétaro, México resulting in high levels of mercury soil pollution (up to 1532 ± 300 mg/kg). We isolated mercury-resistant fungal strains from the San Joaquin region soils and identified them through morphologic characteristics and ITS rDNA region sequence analysis. We determined that fungi isolated belong to the genus Trichoderma. All the isolates selected showed the ability to catalyze the volatilization of Hg. For air sampling, an active sampling device was constructed and using acid KMnO4 as an absorbent, the concentration of mercury in solution was determined through the cold vapor atomic absorption method. The results show mercury volatilization from the fungal species assay, with a maximum of 213.04 ± 32.6 µg/m3 while mycelium accumulation ranged from less than 17.5 ± 2.9 to 20.0 ± 3.4 µg/g. The fungal isolates were also evaluated for their ability to reduce mercury uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. These observations suggest the utility of Trichoderma for the mobilization of mercury in those contaminated soils.

Frecuencia de sobrecarga de hierro en pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas

La terapia transfusional es un recurso terapéutico para pacientes que sufren anemia, y cuyos mecanismos para compensarla están limitados por la enfermedad o su tratamiento.3 Con cada concentrado eritrocitario (CE) se aportan 200 mg de hierro heme, lo cual resulta en su acumulación progresiva debido a que no existe un sistema de eliminación del met

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Educación ambiental y sociedad. Saberes locales para el desarrollo y la sustentabilidad

EL LIBRO PERMITE REFLEXIONAR SOBRE LA IMPORTANCIA DE FOMENTAL LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA RESOLVER LA PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTALEL LIBRO PRESENTA DIFERENTES TRABAJOS QUE ESTUDIAN EL TEMA D ELA SUSTENTABILIDAD, ENFATIZANDO LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y LA TRANSDISCIPLINANINGUN

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030