Biosorption mechanism of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution onto White Pine (Pinus durangensis) sawdust: Effect of operating conditions

In this work, the biosorption mechanism of the cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB) on natural White Pine sawdust (NS) (Pinus durangensis) was investigated. Likewise, the surface charge distribution of NS was determined, and its point of zero charge was found to be 4.3. Besides, the capacity of the NS for adsorbing MB was increased 1.7, 2.0 and 4.6 times when the pH was raised from 3 to 4.25, 3 to 7 and 3 to 10, respectively. This behavior was attributed to the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged surface of NS and the cationic species MBþ. The adsorption capacity increased with increased temperature because the adsorption was an endothermic process. The adsorption capacity was drastically reduced by increasing the ionic strength of the solution corroborating with the fact that the electrostatic attractions played a crucial role in the adsorption of MB on NS. It was also shown that the MB was chemisorbed because the adsorption was not reversible. The predominant adsorption mechanisms were the electrostatic attraction and chemisorption and not ion exchange.This work was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, CONACyT, Mexico, through grants: CONAFOR-2010- C02-148302 and CB-2012-02-182779

Revalorization of Coffee Waste

One of the household methods most used to prepare the coffee beverage is the coffee dripping method, which generates millions of tons of coffee waste (CW). Its disposition without control causes environmental matters due to the high consumption of oxygen during its discomposing process. However, the high availability, low cost, and chemical composition of CW (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, ashes, protein, aliphatic acids, fats, and water) make them useful material for obtaining added-value products and bioenergy. In this chapter, the state of the art of different sustainable alternatives to revalorize CW is shown. CW has been successfully applied as an adsorbent for removing pollutants from wastewater and gas, a precursor for obtaining activated carbon, and a feedstock for producing energy and valuable products using mono-process extraction and biorefinery

Association of cardiotrophin-1 with myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with heart failure

Cardiotrophin-1 has been shown to be profibrogenic in experimental models. The aim of this study was to analyze whether cardiotrophin-1 is associated with left ventricular end-diastolic stress and myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with heart failure. Endomyocardial biopsies from patients (n=31) and necropsies from 7 control subjects were studied. Myocardial cardiotrophin-1 protein and mRNA and the fraction of myocardial volume occupied by collagen were increased in patients compared with controls ( P <0.001). Cardiotrophin-1 overexpression in patients was localized in cardiomyocytes. Cardiotrophin-1 protein was correlated with collagen type I and III mRNAs ( r =0.653, P <0.001; r =0.541, P <0.01) and proteins ( r =0.588, P <0.001; r =0.556, P <0.005) in all subjects and with left ventricular end-diastolic wall stress ( r =0.450; P <0.05) in patients. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and serum biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis (carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I and amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III) were increased ( P <0.001) in patients compared with controls. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 was correlated with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( r =0.386; P <0.005), carboxy- terminal propeptide of procollagen type I ( r =0.550; P <0.001), and amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III ( r =0.267; P <0.05) in all subjects. In vitro, cardiotrophin-1 stimulated the differentiation of human cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblasts ( P <0.05) and the expression of procollagen type I ( P <0.05) and III ( P <0.01) mRNAs. These findings show that an excess of cardiotrophin-1 is associated with increased collagen in the myocardium of hypertensive patients with heart failure. It is proposed that exaggerated cardiomyocyte production of cardiotrophin-1 in response to increased left ventricular end-diastolic stress may contribute to fibrosis through stimulation of fibroblasts in heart failure of hypertensive origi

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Materiales fotocatalizadores en presencia de radiación solar, procedimiento de obtención y procedimiento de eliminación de contaminantes por fotodegradación

Número de publicación: 2637431Número de solicitud: 20160030442Materiales fotocatalizadores en presencia de radiación solar, procedimiento de obtención y procedimiento de eliminación de contaminantes por fotodegradación. La presente invención describe fotocatalizadores que comprenden xerogeles orgánicos con un fotosensibilizador, en estado sólido, incorporado a la matriz polimérica. Estos fotocatalizadores son útiles para promover o catalizar procesos avanzados de oxidación y/o reducción, en particular procesos que favorezcan la fotodegradación de compuestos orgánicos en presencia de radiación UV o luz visible. En particular, los nuevos materiales sintetizados se han desarrollado con el fin de poder oxidar completamente las moléculas orgánicas que contaminan comúnmente el agua o el aire.Universidad de GranadaUniversidad Autonóma de San Luis de Potos

Association of cardiotrophin-1 with myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with heart failure

Cardiotrophin-1 has been shown to be profibrogenic in experimental models. The aim of this study was to analyze whether cardiotrophin-1 is associated with left ventricular end-diastolic stress and myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with heart failure. Endomyocardial biopsies from patients (n=31) and necropsies from 7 control subjects were studied. Myocardial cardiotrophin-1 protein and mRNA and the fraction of myocardial volume occupied by collagen were increased in patients compared with controls ( P <0.001). Cardiotrophin-1 overexpression in patients was localized in cardiomyocytes. Cardiotrophin-1 protein was correlated with collagen type I and III mRNAs ( r =0.653, P <0.001; r =0.541, P <0.01) and proteins ( r =0.588, P <0.001; r =0.556, P <0.005) in all subjects and with left ventricular end-diastolic wall stress ( r =0.450; P <0.05) in patients. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and serum biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis (carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I and amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III) were increased ( P <0.001) in patients compared with controls. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 was correlated with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( r =0.386; P <0.005), carboxy- terminal propeptide of procollagen type I ( r =0.550; P <0.001), and amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III ( r =0.267; P <0.05) in all subjects. In vitro, cardiotrophin-1 stimulated the differentiation of human cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblasts ( P <0.05) and the expression of procollagen type I ( P <0.05) and III ( P <0.01) mRNAs. These findings show that an excess of cardiotrophin-1 is associated with increased collagen in the myocardium of hypertensive patients with heart failure. It is proposed that exaggerated cardiomyocyte production of cardiotrophin-1 in response to increased left ventricular end-diastolic stress may contribute to fibrosis through stimulation of fibroblasts in heart failure of hypertensive origi