Placas votivas del asentamiento de Yuja

Votive plaques found in Mesopotamian temples from Third Millennium BC, are a very special creation of Sumerian art. These plaques have been set up not only along Diyala Valley as well as in Mesopotamian cities close to rivers Tigris and Euphrates, but also at Mari. All of them are divided in three fields, where usually a feast is represented. We could see also the representation of a banquet after a victorious conquest; in this case it would be the Victory of Sumerian City King involved in the fighting. Latest archaeological excavations carried out by the Iraqi team at tell Joukh allowed the recuperation of two votives plaques at the site. One of them is unfinished; the other one is an important subject in our paper. We would try to compare this plaque with items coming from temple of God Sin at Khafaja or from temple of Goddess Ištar at MariLas placas votivas halladas en los templos Mesopotámicos del III milenio a. C. son parte esencial del arte sumerio. Estas placas han sido encontradas no solo en el valle del Diyala o en las ciudades mesopotámicas situadas entre los ríos Tigris y Éufrates, sino también en yacimientos como Mari. Todas están divididas en tres registros y su temática gira en torno a una escena de banquete o de victoria ante una conquista, probablemente la del rey de la ciudad estado sumeria en cuestión. Las excavaciones recientes del equipo iraquí que trabaja en tell Yuja han permitido la recuperación de dos placas votivas, una de ellas sin terminar y sin decoración. La segunda placa será objeto de estudio en este artículo así como sus diferencias y similitudes sobre todo con la placa del templo del dios Sin en Jafayah y la del templo de Ištar en Mar

Тема города в поэзии Сергея Есенина и Бадера Шакера Аль-Сайяба

Город представляет собой одну из важных тем, широко представленных в мировой литературе, в том числе в русской и арабской литературе, особенно в ее первопроходцах. Он считается одним из ресурсов их поэзии, несмотря на расхождение во взглядах между ними относительно их позиций по этому поводу.Мы здесь не для того, чтобы объяснять трансформации города в современной поэзии; Но что нас волнует, так это то, как идея города развивалась в поэзии по сравнению с влиянием деревни на их поэзию? Оказал ли город то, что деревня, явное влияние на поэзию через группу символов, связанных с ними и их поэзией, помимо поиска города, по которому тосковали некоторые, хотя поначалу это казалось наивным и простым, но вскоре началось развивать. Отсюда и наша стоянка на этой теме (город), пытаясь выяснить, как эта идея развивалась в поэзии, и как она влияла на поэтический опыт в целом.Здесь будет освещено творчество иракского поэта Бадера Шакера Аль-Сайяба и русский поэт Сергей Есенина, который каждый из них  писал о Городе

The Blockade of Qatar: Between Legal Justice and Political Arbitrariness

 أﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ، بتاريخ 5 يونيو 2017، ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ، ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍلأربع ﻣﻊ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ، ﻭﺇﻣﻬﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﻳﺔ 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ، وﻣﻨﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ الأربع، وإﻣﻬﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﺓ 14 ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ، وﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ الأربع ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺮﻫﺎ. كما أﻏلقت ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺬها ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺔ وﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ، ﻭﻣنعت ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺭ على ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ، مع ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ وباﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ، ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻫﻢ في الأجواء ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﺮ. هذه القرارات ﺗﻢّ تبريرها بأنها ﻟﺪﻭﺍعٍ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏٍ ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯﻳﺔ، ﺫﻟﻚ أﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺘﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ بعدة أمور منها: زرع ﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ، وإيواء أﺷﺨﺎﺹ إﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ، ﻛﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺣﻤﺎﺱ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﺍﻋﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ. ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻛﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﻣﺪﻯ "ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ" ﺃﻭ "ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ" ﻓﻲ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ قبل ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ الأربع. وتشمل الأﻗﺴﺎﻡ الأربعة التالية: ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ: ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺩود ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ، ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ: ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍلأﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ الأربع، ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ: ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ الأربع، ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ: ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣُﻤﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ الأربع.On June 5, 2017, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the Kingdom of Bahrain, and Egypt issued statements against the State of Qatar announcing the severance of ties, including diplomatic relations, with Qatar. The Qatari diplomatic mission was given 48 hours to leave those countries. Qatari nationals were banned to travel to KSA, UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt and Qatari residents and visitors were given 14 days to leave. The four countries also imposed in just 24 hours a land, air and sea blockade on Qatar claiming this a precaution due to security reasons and accusing Qatar of supporting “terrorist groups” such as the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, the Taliban, ISIS and Al-Qaeda.This study highlights the “unjust” and “oppressive” aspect of the blockade on or the boycott of Qatar. It includes four parts: the first part showcases the statements of the blockading countries and Qatar’s response to them, the second part highlights the crisis generated by the statements of the blockading countries, the third part discusses the legal irregularities of these statements, and the fourth part explores the reasons behind the actions of the blockading countries

Cytotoxic Effects of Anethum graveolensis Extracts Against Some Cell Lines Invitro Study

Anethum graveolens L. commonly known as dill belonging to the family Umbelliferae, is one of the most useful essential oil bearing spices as well as medicinal herb. The present study aimed to study the effect of Iraqi traditional medical plants  extracts using tissue culture teqnique stud their cytotoxicity in human  hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and  mouse cell L20B cell lines. Anethum graveolensis leaves were extracted using Aqueous and   99% and alcoholic extraction. eight crude concentration were made by serial dilution, with concentrations of 3.9, 7.81, 15.62, 31.25, 62.5, 125,250 and 500 mg /ml, respectively. These were added in triplicate to the microtiter plate containing 1x105 cells/well and 200 µl of the medium. The eight concentrations were used in triplicate to investigate their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects. The  alcoholic extracts of Anethum graveolensis showed the highest potent cytotoxicity in the HepG2 and L20B cell lines.while aqueas extracts showed the lowest  cytotoxicity. All concentrations of crude extracts showed different cytotoxic activity in vitro

Making sense of the language of peace: its meaning in Iraqi war victims' narratives

Positive discourse can empower people to use language that promotes peace in daily communication to avoid conflicts. Language is seen as the influencer and reflector of individual’s self-image and background. Yet, past studies focus more on the language of war or hate speech. In Iraq, polemic language has evidently led to sectarian conflicts and violence. Not much has been explored in making sense of peace utterances, the linguistic or non-linguistic features. Thus, this qualitative study explores the interpretation of the language of peace through the lens of twenty-five Iraqis who have encountered war in their country. The study seeks to make sense of the language of peace, its meanings and factors that can enhance peace among Iraqis. Through purposive sampling, data collected were observations and narratives from focus group and in-depth interviews. The selected respondents comprise Iraqi visiting lecturers and postgraduate students in a Malaysian public university. Based on the analytical discourse approach, the data reveal several core themes and sub-themes of language of peace. Among these include avoiding crisis, cooperative language, language of affection and sense of security. The associated peace words include being caring, polite and promoting inner peace which are reflected in the factors that can enhance peace in daily communication. The study reveals several implications. It promotes a platform for deliberating peaceful rhetoric in violence-prone areas. It gives educators and decision makers a deeper understanding of language of peace that enables speakers to develop good, meaningful relationships, display politeness and feelings of goodwill. A similar approach can be used to obtain in-depth reflections about such language among other war victims. Further research studies should explore the language of peace roles in deliberating effective strategies to overcome conflicts in today’s digitalised world given that the language of endearment, conviction and hate can be disseminated quickly

The Relationship between Workplace Bullying for Nurses and Leadership Styles

Background: Workplace bullying is a social and organizational problem within the nursing profession; this phenomenon has significant negative effects and is closely associated with leadership styles. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between workplace bullying for nurses and leadership styles. Design: A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at El-Obour Hospital for Health Insurance, Kafr El-Sheikh Branch. Sample: Consisted of a representative sample of staff nurses (N=295). Tools: Two tools were used for data collection: The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). Results: (61.7%) of staff nurses were highly exposed to workplace bullying. Also, the most dominant style was laissez-faire leadership, with the highest mean percentage of respondents. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between staff nurses' exposure to workplace bullying and transformational leadership. There was also a statistically significant negative correlation between staff nurses' exposure to workplace bullying and transactional leadership. While, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between staff nurses' exposure to workplace bullying and laissez-faire leadership. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant, negative correlation between staff nurses’ exposure to workplace bullying (r =-0.285, p< 0.001) and leadership styles. Recommendation: Healthcare organizations should suggest policies and rules to prevent bullying and punish bullies. Nurse Managers should encourage staff nurses to report workplace bullying incidents. Further studies: Explore the staff nurses' perceptions about bullying before and after applying a training program about bullying and strategies to deal with it

DNA-Based Applications in Nanobiotechnology

Biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have shown great potential in fabrication and construction of nanostructures and devices. The very properties that make DNA so effective as genetic material also make it a very suitable molecule for programmed self-assembly. The use of DNA to assemble metals or semiconducting particles has been extended to construct metallic nanowires and functionalized nanotubes. This paper highlights some important aspects of conjugating the unique physical properties of dots or wires with the remarkable recognition capabilities of DNA which could lead to miniaturizing biological electronics and optical devices, including biosensors and probes. Attempts to use DNA-based nanocarriers for gene delivery are discussed. In addition, the ecological advantages and risks of nanotechnology including DNA-based nanobiotechnology are evaluated

Preoperative Evaluation and Management of Patients with Liver Disease

Patients with liver disease who undergo surgery have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Impairment of the liver functions increases the risks of surgery and anesthesia.The risk depends on the severity of liver disease, nature of the surgery and comorbid conditions. Patients with compensated cirrhosis and normal synthetic function have a low risk. Elective surgery should be postponed in patients with abnormal liver tests. All patients should have thorough preoperative evaluation, and their conditions are to be optimized before elective surgery. Thorough history and physical examination usually provide important informatation. Elective surgery can be rescheduled or cancelled once the severity of underlying liver disease is assessed. When surgery is mandatory, meticulous perioperative management is required, including hemodynamic stability, broad-spectrum antibiotics, correction of coagulopathy, improvement of nutritional status, avoidance of nephrotoxins and sedatives that could precipitate hepatic encephalopathy, and intensive care unit admission if needed

Isolation and fatty acid profile of selected microalgae strains from the Red Sea for biofuel production

The isolation of lipid-rich autochthonous strains of microalgae is a crucial stage for the development of a microalgae-based biofuel production plant, as these microalgae already have the necessary adaptations to withstand competition, predation and the temperatures observed at each production site. This is particularly important in extreme climates such as in Saudi Arabia. Resorting to fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) we screened for and isolated several microalgal strains from samples collected from the Red Sea. Relying on the fluorescence of BODIPY 505/515 (4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diazasindacene) and growth performance, four promising candidates were identified and the total lipid content and fatty acid profile was assessed for biofuels production. Selected isolates were classified as chlorophytes, belonging to three different genera: Picochlorum, Nannochloris and Desmochloris. The lipid contents were assessed microscopically by means of BODIPY 505/515-associated fluorescence to detect intracellular lipid bodies, which revealed several lipid drops in all selected strains. This result was confirmed by lipid gravimetric determination, which demonstrated that all strains under study presented inner cell lipid contents ranging from 20% to 25% of the biomass dry weight. Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl esters profile of all strains seems ideal for biodiesel production due to a low degree of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and high amount of palmitic and oleic acids.NPST Program of King Saud University [11-ENE1719-02]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nanomaterials as Analytical Tools for Genosensors

Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination