BIOSORPTION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING NATURAL BIOSORBENTS

Textile and dyeing industries are continuously increasing the pollution levels of water bodies regularly due to improper treatment and disposal of their effluents. The synthetic dyes are recalcitrant in nature and their intense color leads to the reduction in photosynthesis and raise temperature in the deeper layers of water bodies causing serious damage to the aquatic life. It is necessary to adopt eco-friendly treatment methods like bio sorption and microbial decolorization to decolorize the effluents before they are disposed into the environment. Batch mode bio sorption experiments were carried out using the Annona reticulata leaves powder and Cucurbita maxima seed powder. Optimization studies were carried out for the decolorization of crystal violet dye. Under optimized conditions, the percentage decolorization by bio sorbent, Annona reticulata leaves powder (at pH = 8, temperature 400C) was 90.3% for 60 minutes. The amount of biosorbent dosage added for maximum color removal is 0.2g/ 100ml. In case of Cucurbita maxima seed powder, the percentage removal was 98.5% under same conditions. Effective removal was observed by Cucurbita maxima seed powder compared to Annona reticulata leaves powder. Toxicity assay showed that in the presence of biosorbent Annona reticulata leaves the growth of microbes was more favorable when compared to Cucurbita maxima seed powder. The present study reveals that the use of natural biosorbents in the decolorization of industrial effluents is an effective and commercially viable technique

Evaluation of the risk of malignancy index in preoperative diagnosis of ovarian masses

Background: Ovarian cancer possesses a challenge to screening tests due to its anatomical location, poor natural history, lack of specific lesion, symptoms and signs and low prevalence. Authors shall be considering RMI 2 and RMI 4 (forms of RMI) and comparing them with histopathology report to derive the sensitivity, specificity and other parameters of these tests.Methods: A prospective   study was conducted from September 2016- September 2017 at Mazumdar Shaw Hospital, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore.73 patients met the inclusion criteria. RMI 2   and RMI4 were calculated for all the patients and these scores were compared to the final histopathology reports.Results: In present study of 73 patients RMI2 showed a sensitivity of 86.6%, specificity of 86.5 %, Positive predictive value of 81.25% and negative predictive value of 90.24 %. Whereas RMI4 showed a sensitivity of 86.6%, specificity of 86.5 %, Positive predictive value of 83.87 and negative predictive value of 90.48 %. These results are comparable to other studies conducted.  The risk of malignancy index 2 and 4 are also almost comparable with each other and so either can be used for determining the risk of malignancy in patients with adnexal masses. These results were derived in an Indian population across all age groups showing that authors can apply this low-cost method even in resource limited settings.Conclusions: Authors found that Risk of malignancy index is a simple and affordable method to determine the likelihood of a patient having adnexal mass to be malignant. This can thus help save the resources and make the services available at grass root level

POLYPHARMACY INDUCED DRUG INTERACTIONS, ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS (ADR) AND MEDICATION ERRORS IN TERTIARY CARE SOUTH INDIAN HOSPITAL

Objective: To study the pattern of drug interactions (DI) in our hospital and to identify whether it is associated with polypharmacy. To determine the level of severity of potential drug-drug interactions (PDDI), to detect, monitor and prevention of ADRs in the hospitalized patients and to identify the medication errors (ME). Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in a 300 bedded tertiary care South Indian hospital for a period of 6 mo. Prescriptions were analysed for PDDI using Micromedex software 2.2. The causality and severity of ADRs were assessed by using Naranjo’s, WHO UMC Scales and Hart wigs severity scales. ME was identified by review of patient drug charts. Results: Total 190 prescriptions were analyzed, in which 1028 drug interactions were seen. Out of which 718 were DDI, 198 DFI, 100 DEI, and 12 DTI were observed. More number of DI was seen in cardiovascular drugs, antibiotics followed by antacids and antiulcer agents. A total of 52 ADRs were identified in 43 patients. Diuretics, cardiovascular drugs were associated with a higher incidence of ADRs followed by Anti-Diabetic agents. 58 ME was seen in 190 prescriptions, among them omission error, prescribing errors and Wrong dose error was seen. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist plays a potential role in the health care system in assisting the physician i.e. modifying the number of drugs taken, number of doses taken, medication adherence, identification of drug interactions, preventing, monitoring and detection of ADRs and identifying the medication errors

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcome: a rural tertiary teaching hospital based study

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is the commonest medical disorder in pregnancy. Women with GDM are at increased risk for adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome. Prevalence of GDM is known to vary widely depending on region of the country, dietary habits and socio-economic status. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of GDM and risk factors associated with it among women delivered in a rural tertiary teaching hospital in Telangana and further assess its impact on feto-maternal outcome.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences on GDM cases delivered from May 2015 to April 2017. GDM was diagnosed using 2 step procedure of screening with glucose challenge test followed by confirmation with oral glucose tolerance test using Carpenter and Couston criteria. Demographic data and details about perinatal outcome were obtained from medical records and analyzed.Results: The prevalence was low (1.83%) compared to other studies. Majority of the women did not have risk factors. Preeclampsia is the commonest maternal complication seen (18%). Hypothyroidism is more often associated with GDM (15%). Caesarean section rate was high (62%). Though the NICU admission rate was high (76%), neonatal outcome was found to be satisfactory.Conclusions: The low prevalence of GDM seen highlights the importance of carrying out studies in different population groups of India to know the exact prevalence of GDM in the country. Pregnancies in women with GDM continue to be at increased risk of maternal and perinatal complications

Comprehensive Considerations for Dermatologists: The Application of FDG-PET in Evaluating Cutaneous Lesions in Pediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a complex disorder characterized by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, primarily affecting children and adolescents. This condition exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Cutaneous manifestations of LCH are significant, mimicking common dermatoses and posing diagnostic challenges. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) has emerged as an important tool in the evaluation of pediatric LCH, offering insights into disease activity, extent, and therapeutic response. Moreover, FDG-PET provides a non-invasive means to distinguish between active LCH skin lesions and other dermatological conditions with similar clinical appearances, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and aiding in disease monitoring. This educational review summarizes the utility of nuclear imaging techniques, with a focus on PET scans, in the diagnosis and management of cutaneous pediatric LCH. A comprehensive literature search identified seven relevant articles, including retrospective studies and case reports. These studies highlight the efficacy of FDG-PET in localizing active LCH skin lesions, monitoring disease activity, and guiding treatment decisions. FDG-PET represents a valuable imaging modality for dermatologists, oncologists, and pediatricians managing pediatric LCH patients with cutaneous involvement. This non-invasive technique contributes to improved diagnostic accuracy and facilitates early intervention, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes

Appropriation of GPIb from platelet-derived extracellular vesicles supports monocyte recruitment in systemic inflammation

Interactions between platelets, leukocytes and the vessel wall provide alternative pathological routes of thrombo-inflammatory leukocyte recruitment. We found that when platelets were activated by a range of agonists in whole blood, they shed platelet-derived extracellular vesicles which rapidly and preferentially bound to blood monocytes compared to other leukocytes. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicle binding to monocytes was initiated by P-selectin-dependent adhesion and was stabilised by binding of phosphatidylserine. These interactions resulted in the progressive transfer of the platelet adhesion receptor GPIbα to monocytes. GPIbα+-monocytes tethered and rolled on immobilised von Willebrand Factor or were recruited and activated on endothelial cells treated with TGF-β1 to induce the expression of von Willebrand Factor. In both models monocyte adhesion was ablated by a function-blocking antibody against GPIbα. Monocytes could also bind platelet-derived extracellular vesicle in mouse blood in vitro and in vivo. Intratracheal instillations of diesel nanoparticles, to model chronic pulmonary inflammation, induced accumulation of GPIbα on circulating monocytes. In intravital experiments, GPIbα+-monocytes adhered to the microcirculation of the TGF-β1-stimulated cremaster muscle, while in the ApoE−/− model of atherosclerosis, GPIbα+-monocytes adhered to the carotid arteries. In trauma patients, monocytes bore platelet markers within 1 hour of injury, the levels of which correlated with severity of trauma and resulted in monocyte clearance from the circulation. Thus, we have defined a novel thrombo-inflammatory pathway in which platelet-derived extracellular vesicles transfer a platelet adhesion receptor to monocytes, allowing their recruitment in large and small blood vessels, and which is likely to be pathogenic

Observation of tW production in the single-lepton channel in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the cross section of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in final states with a muon or electron and jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016. A boosted decision tree is used to separate the tW signal from the dominant t (t) over bar background, whilst the subleading W+jets and multijet backgrounds are constrained using data-based estimates. This result is the first observation of the tW process in final states containing a muon or electron and jets, with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The cross section is determined to be 89 +/- 4 (stat) +/- 12 (syst) pb, consistent with the standard model.Peer reviewe