Periodontists\u27 Ability to Self-Assess their Knowledge of Periodontics

This study examined periodontists\u27 ability to self-assess their knowledge of periodontics. Self-assessment was measured as the difference between actual knowledge and perceived knowledge of two topics of clinical practice of periodontics: periodontal disease therapy and dental implant therapy. Other variables included were learning needs, motivation to learn, and background characteristics (number of years since graduation from a periodontics training program, classification as Diplomate or non- Diplomate, number of years since achieving Diplomate status, classification as private practitioner, academician, or private practitioner with a part-time academic position, and number of credit hours spent in continuing education per year). A questionnaire was e-mailed to 1,800 periodontists practicing in the USA. Two hundred and nineteen subjects participated in the periodontal disease therapy questionnaire and 200 in the dental implant therapy questionnaire. The results showed a significant difference between actual and perceived knowledge for both topics. Correlation coefficients showed no correlation between participants\u27 actual knowledge and perceived knowledge of periodontal disease therapy and a low to moderate correlation between actual and perceived knowledge of dental implant therapy. Also, the results showed that need and motivation are not related to self-assessment ability, but actual knowledge may be related to moderate-high need and motivation; and, that among the background characteristics, Diplomate status is related to a better ability to self-assess, and fewer years since achieving Diplomate status is related to higher actual knowledge and perceived knowledge. In conclusion, periodontists\u27 ability to selfassess their knowledge of periodontics is at best moderate. The concern that practitioners believe that they have higher knowledge in areas in which objectively measured knowledge is significantly lower continues to be valid

Contribution of agroforestry systems to sustaining biodiversity in fragmented forest landscapes

Agroforestry systems maintain intermediate levels of biodiversity between natural forests and purely agricultural land-uses and may therefore increase connectivity or sustain biodiversity in fragmented forest landscapes. This hypothesis is tested by comparing the species richness and similarity in species composition between forest fragments and agroforestry systems in two landscapes in Guatemala. Connectivity indices were calculated based on the similarity of biodiversity held between forest and agroforestry. Tree and ant species richness was significantly higher for forest than agroforestry land-uses. Conversely, species richness of leaf hoppers (Cicadellidae) was lower in forests compared to agroforests. Chao-Sorensen estimates indicated a high proportion of ant species were shared (0.78-0.99) between different agroforestry land-uses and forest fragments, but lower proportions of tree (0.39 – 0.55) and leaf hopper species (0.42-0.65). Including the contribution of agroforestry systems in estimates of forest connectivity, based on their biodiversity relative to forest, substantially increased the land area rated with high connectivity (by 100-300%) and forest edge connectivity (by 70-170%), but had negligible impact on land area rated as dense forest. The major forest fragments in the two landscapes were linked by land rated as medium connectivity for forest biodiversity. Thus, agroforestry contributes to the capacity of the landscape to support biodiversity, but only partially increases connectivity between forest fragments in the two landscapes studied. If these benefits are to be sustained, consideration needs to be given to the incentives for land-owners to maintain agroforestry systems

El derecho de posesión y su influencia en el daño ambiental en las Lomas de Mangomarca en San Juan de Lurigancho

En la presente investigación se tuvo con objetivo principal determinar de qué manera influye el derecho de posesión en el daño ambiental en las Lomas de Mangomarca en San Juan de Lurigancho en el 2020, el cual estuvo enunciado como ¿De qué manera influye el derecho de posesión en el daño ambiental en las Lomas de Mangomarca en San Juan de Lurigancho en el 2020? El enfoque fue cualitativo de tipo básico. El diseño de la investigación es general exploratorio cuyo diseño específico es la revisión documental. La población fue lideres ambientales e ingeniero geógrafo especializados en derecho ambiental, medio ambiente, y función municipal y a muestra estuvo constituida por 2 especialistas entre ellos especialistas en derechos reales, y función municipal dentro del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, se precisa que todos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El instrumento que se usó para la recolección de datos fue la guía de entrevista y la guía de revisión documental. Se obtuvo como conclusión que si existe una influencia entre el derecho de posesión y el daño ambiental en las Lomas de Mangomarca en San Juan de Lurigancho en el 202

Percepción social sobre el Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos en la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca.

En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados de un estudio estadísticamente representativo en torno a la percepción social que tienen los núcleos agrarios que se encuentran al interior de la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca sobre el impacto socioeconómico del Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos. Los resultados indican que esta política ambiental tiene una buena aceptación de los dueños de los terrenos forestales porque consideran que favorece la provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos, a pesar de que no perciban importantes beneficios económicos derivados de su participación en el programa

Psychosis and Smoking Cessation: Difficulties in Quitting Associated with Sex and Substance Abuse

No prospective studies of first psychotic episodes have explored sex differences in smoking cessation. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of sex and substance abuse on smoking cessation during an 8-year follow-up of patients after a first psychotic episode. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify factors associated with smoking cessation by sex. To examine for sex variable interactions, the following two methods were used: 1) for other clinical variables, mixed analyses were calculated; and 2) for use of other substances, logistic regression models were performed only in the substance users. At baseline, 79% of men and 84% of women were current smokers. Lower smoking cessation after 8 years was associated with female sex (odds ratio, OR = 0.30; 95% confidence intervals, CIs = 0.12–0.75) and treatment with typical antipsychotics (OR = 0.30, CIs = 0.10–0.93). In a logistic regression model of alcohol users, those who used alcohol continuously were less likely to stop smoking (adjusted OR = 0.22, CI = 0.05–1.0). Among patients who continued using cannabis, female sex was associated with significant lower smoking cessation (adjusted OR = 0.03, CI = 0.001–0.77). Sex may act as a moderator in smoking cessation after a first psychotic episode. Smoking cessation interventions in these patients should consider sex differences and comorbidity with alcohol and cannabis use

Enteroparasitosis en escolares del distrito de Santa Anita

In the populous District of Santa Anita , located in the eastern side of Lima, which is considered urban- marginal social place ,was carried out a parasitologic study in children in five public schools by the laboratory of Parasitology of the Research Institute of the Faculty of Medicine of the San Martín de Porres University.A single stool specimen of 956 students and 936 scotch cellophane slide was taken. Parasitology techniques were: Direct examination, Faust, Spontaneus sedimentation and Graham.Results: 85% were positive and the comensal protozoa more frecuent E.nana 53.4%, E. coli 49.9% and the patogen G. lamblia 26.8 %.The helmint more prevalent was H. nana 15%. The more afected group of age were from seven to eight years, they had Protozoa 45.7% and Helmints 0.4%. E. vermicularis from Graham 35.5% with sintoms 27% and without sintoms 8.5% and were more prevalent in the five and six year old age.The prevalence for only Protozoa was 37%, Helmints 14% and mixed 34%.A multiple parasitism was observed, even with seven parasits but the more frecuent was one parasite 16% in Protozoos and 13% in Helmints. In case of multiple parasitism three parasites is more common (2%).It is necesary to incorpora te a sanitary education in the curriculum of public schools to prevent parasitism in children.En el populoso Distrito de Santa Anita, ubicado al Este de Lima, el que se considera socialmente, urbano marginal, durante los meses de; Mayo, Junio y Julio de 1993 y 1994, se realizó un estudio parasitológico en alumnos de cinco escuelas públicas, a cargo del Laboratorio de Parasitología del Instituto de Investigación de la Facultad de Medicina Humana de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres.Se obtuvieron 956 muestras únicas de heces y 936 muestras en cinta scotch. Se emplearon cuatro técnicas parasitológicas: examen directo, Faust, Sedimentación espontánea y Graham.Los resultados fueron los siguientes: 85% de los muestreados fueron positivos, siendo los Protozoarios comensales los de mayor prevalencia; E.nana 55.4%, E. coli 45.9% y el patógeno G.lamblia 26.8%. En helmintos. H.nana 15% . Los grupos etarios mas afectados fueron los de siete y ocho años quienes tuvieron; Protozoarios 45.7% y Helmintos 0.4%.Por Graham, E.vermicularis 35.5%, de ellos 27% fueron sintomáticos y 8.5% asintomáticos. La mayor prevalencia se halló en el grupo etario de cinco y seis años. La prevalencia solo a protozoarios fue 37%, helmintos 14% y mixto 34%.Se observó parasitismo múltiple, hasta con siete parásitos, pero predominó los de uno solo 16% en protozoarios y 13 % a helmintos. en el parasitismo múltiple prevalece los de tres parásitos 12%.Se requiere incorporar la educación sanitaria en la curricula de los colegios estatales para prevenir el parasitismo escolar

Mujer con dolor cervical súbito y deterioro neurológico / Woman with sudden neck pain and neurological impairment

El infarto medular es una enfermedad poco frecuente, pero grave, y de etiología diversa. Su incidencia es aproximadamente del 1% de todos los accidentes vasculares1. Entre el 44-74% de estos infartos medulares son idiopáticos. Otras causas incluyen arterioesclerosis, cirugías aórticas, embolismos fibrocartilaginosos, malformaciones vasculares, infecciones, vasculitis, consumo de tóxicos y accidentes por descompresión2. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 71 a˜nos con antecedentes de dislipemia, fibromialgia, síndrome de piernas inquietas y poliartrosis. Acude a urgencias por cervicalgia súbita, punzante, sin antecedente traumático, asociada a parestesias y debilidad de miembros superiores (balance motor: deltoides 3/5 bilateralmente, resto 4/5 globalmente).El infarto medular es una enfermedad poco frecuente, pero grave, y de etiología diversa. Su incidencia es aproximadamente del 1% de todos los accidentes vasculares1. Entre el 44-74% de estos infartos medulares son idiopáticos. Otras causas incluyen arterioesclerosis, cirugías aórticas, embolismos fibrocartilaginosos, malformaciones vasculares, infecciones, vasculitis, consumo de tóxicos y accidentes por descompresión2. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 71 a˜nos con antecedentes de dislipemia, fibromialgia, síndrome de piernas inquietas y poliartrosis. Acude a urgencias por cervicalgia súbita, punzante, sin antecedente traumático, asociada a parestesias y debilidad de miembros superiores (balance motor: deltoides 3/5 bilateralmente, resto 4/5 globalmente)

Chemical Analysis of Nutritional Content of Prickly Pads (Opuntia ficus indica) at Varied Ages in an Organic Harvest

Opuntia ficus indica, also known as prickly pads, are an important part of the human diet and are also used as forage for livestock. This is an interesting vegetable due the environmental conditions in which it grows and its resistance to climatic extremes; however, little is known about its nutritional properties, especially in the later stages of maturity. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of organic prickly pads (Opuntia ficus indica) at differing stages of growth maturity. Chemical proximate analysis and mineral constituent analysis at different maturation stages were carried out in this investigation. As a result, older prickly pads were found to be an important source of nutritional components such as calcium