Biology of the penaeid shrimp populations exploited by Estuarine Set Bagnet

Results of analysis of part of the data collected during October, 1989 to December, 1990 are given on the biology and catch assessment studies on the Estuarine Set Bagnet (ESBN) from six sampling stations covering the entire coast line of Bangladesh. Length frequency analysis of seven most commonly occurring penaeid shrimp species have been done with complete ELEFAN software package. The result of exploitation patterns indicate that all penaeids except P. stylifera are being over exploited on their way back to the Sea from the nursery ground. This appeared to be the instances of serious growth over fishing. These species are exploited at a size much lower than the length at first maturity, which strongly suggests a complete withdrawal of the bagnet fishery from the coast of Bangladesh

Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes with patients at low risk of PPCs. DESIGN This was a prospective international 1-week observational study using the ‘Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia risk score’ (ARISCAT score) for PPC for risk stratification. PATIENTS AND SETTING Adult patients requiring intraoperative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the incidence of patients at increased risk of PPCs based on the ARISCAT score. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative ventilatory management and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9864 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of patients at increased risk was 28.4%. The most frequently chosen tidal volume (VT) size was 500 ml, or 7 to 9 ml kg1 predicted body weight, slightly lower in patients at increased risk of PPCs. Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were slightly higher in patients at increased risk of PPCs, with 14.3% receiving more than 5 cmH2O PEEP compared with 7.6% in patients at low risk of PPCs (P < 0.001). Patients with a predicted preoperative increased risk of PPCs developed PPCs more frequently: 19 versus 7%, relative risk (RR) 3.16 (95% confidence interval 2.76 to 3.61), P < 0.001) and had longer hospital stays. The only ventilatory factor associated with the occurrence of PPCs was the peak pressure. CONCLUSION The incidence of patients with a predicted increased risk of PPCs is high. A large proportion of patients receive high VT and low PEEP levels. PPCs occur frequently in patients at increased risk, with worse clinical outcome

Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications: LAS VEGAS - An observational study in 29 countries

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes with patients at low risk of PPCs. DESIGN This was a prospective international 1-week observational study using the ‘Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia risk score’ (ARISCAT score) for PPC for risk stratification. PATIENTS AND SETTING Adult patients requiring intraoperative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the incidence of patients at increased risk of PPCs based on the ARISCAT score. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative ventilatory management and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9864 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of patients at increased risk was 28.4%. The most frequently chosen tidal volume (V T) size was 500 ml, or 7 to 9 ml kg−1 predicted body weight, slightly lower in patients at increased risk of PPCs. Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were slightly higher in patients at increased risk of PPCs, with 14.3% receiving more than 5 cmH2O PEEP compared with 7.6% in patients at low risk of PPCs (P ˂ 0.001). Patients with a predicted preoperative increased risk of PPCs developed PPCs more frequently: 19 versus 7%, relative risk (RR) 3.16 (95% confidence interval 2.76 to 3.61), P ˂ 0.001) and had longer hospital stays. The only ventilatory factor associated with the occurrence of PPCs was the peak pressure. CONCLUSION The incidence of patients with a predicted increased risk of PPCs is high. A large proportion of patients receive high V T and low PEEP levels. PPCs occur frequently in patients at increased risk, with worse clinical outcome.</p

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Drivers Characteristics with Respect to Accident Involvement and Seat Belt Utilization

This paper examines the relationship between drivers’ personal and social characteristics with respect to their driving time accident involvement and seat belt utilization. The studied characteristics include : years of driving experience, marital status, educational background, and monthly income. The study area covers two of the Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). However, due to lack of proper related data a questionnaire was randomly distributed to achieve the above goals. Random sampling technique employed here is a stratified one. The stratification was based on occupation. The questionnaire was distributed to over 4200 drivers in the two states. However, 1893 responded back (i.e. 45%). The questionnaire illustrated the necessary questions in a short answer form.Findings indicate that drivers of different educational backgrounds and marital status do not differ significantly in being involved in accidents, of their fault or otherwise. However, one out of each three unmarried drivers’ accidents was due to respondent own fault. That for married drivers was one out of each four to five accidents. As the driving experience increases, the accident rate decreases. Moreover income showed no significant influence on drivers’ accident involvement and seat belt usage. Drivers who rarely use their seat belts are significantly less educated than those who always or sometimes fasten their seat belts. Drivers’ experience tend to increase the tendency of seat belt utilization. Keywords: Accident, seat belt, experience, marital, education, and incom

Ameliorative effects of lauric (dodecanoic) acid on adipokines and insulin levels in experimental diabetes produced by streptozotocin intensified with high-fat diet

This study aimed to investigate ameliorative effects of lauric (Dodecanoic) acid on adipokines and insulin levels in experimental diabetes produced by streptozotocin intensified with high-fat diet Lauric acid enhances insulin levels in experimental diabetes produced by streptozotocin intensified with a high-fat diet. The animals were randomly divided into six groups, each of five animals: Group 1 = serves as normal control, Group 2 = lauric acid 125 mg/kg only, Group 3 = lauric acid 250 mg/kg only, Group 4 = high fat diet only, Group 5 = high fat diet + lauric acid 125 mg/kg, Group 6 = high fat diet + lauric acid 250 mg/kg. The preparations were administered for 8 weeks of the treatment protocol. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were evaluated for serum concentrations of biochemical entities (adiponectin, leptin and insulin). Serum adiponectin significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased in the high-fat diet administered different doses of lauric acid as compared to the group fed on a high-fat diet only. Leptin and insulin significantly (P &lt;0.05) decreased in high-fat diet groups co-administered with both lauric acid and high-fat diet, compared with the group fed on a high-fat diet only. In conclusion, the increase in adiponectin level and decrease in leptin and insulin level following lauric (Dodecanoic) acid administration elucidated the therapeutic potential of lauric (Dodecanoic) acid, despite high fat diet consumption