The Sustainable City: The Characteristic Public Urban Green Space for Enhancing Community Social Sustainability in Baghdad

United Nations propounded the key to sustainable development, including the Environmental health and social well-being of society. In the city planning and development, public urban green open spaces provide opportunities for social and physical activities among the communities, which can contribute to mental and physical health in improving the social well-being of the community. Iraq is currently suffering from poor social activities, as many open spaces and parks are neglected and deficient. Therefore, there is a need to enhance residents’ social interaction in public urban green open spaces in order to improve the quality of social fabric in Baghdad City, through the perspective of the sustainable built environment approaches. The aim of this study is to determine the preferred characteristics of pocket parks for enhancing residents' social interaction based on their socio-demographic and investigate the relationship between the availability of quality pocket parks and residents' social interaction in Baghdad City. The study employed by executed the survey to the communities in Karkh district. Respondents (n=306) were selected in a single-random procedure to assess population attitudes towards a pocket park for social and physical activities. The results confirmed that a lack of outdoor daily social interaction in Baghdad City due to the inefficient nearby pocket parks. Thus, there is a need for efficient pocket parks designed to be provided. In this study, the characteristics of efficient pocket park design identified as providing suitable activities and elements, accessibility, well-design, proximity, safety and security, administration and maintenance in the pocket park design. This study contributes to the definitions of pocket parks and nearby open spaces by investigating these spaces' characteristics and benefits towards the social well-being of communities, in achieving the goal of a sustainable community in sustainable city development

Karakteristik Organoleptik Susu dengan Penambahan Sari Kurma (Phoenix dactilyfera L.) pada Level Berbeda

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of different date palm juice that could affect the organoleptic characteristics including color, taste, aroma, and preference of date milk. The research method was carried out experimentally using completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment factorial was the level of addition of date palm juice (0, 10, 15 and 20%). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results showed that the addition of date palm juice had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the panelist's assessment of color, taste and preference. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was a very significant difference (P>0.05) in the assessment of color, taste, aroma and preference between milk without the addition of date juice and milk with the addition of date juice. The higher the level of addition of date juice to milk, the color of the product is getting a little brown, the taste is sweeter, the aroma of milk is reduced, the aroma of dates is more pronounced and the consumers prefer it. The addition of date juice to milk affects the organoleptic characteristics of color, taste, aroma, and preference for date milk. the level of date juice administration (20%) gave the product characteristics favored by the panelists.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi sari kurma berbeda yang mampu mempengaruhi karakteristik organoleptik meliputi warna, rasa, aroma, dan kesukaan) susu kurma. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Faktorial perlakuan adalah level penambahan sari buah kurma (0, 10, 15 dan 20%). Setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sari kurma sangat berpengaruh nyata (P<0,01) terhadap penilaian warna, rasa dan kesukaan panelis. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sangat nyata (P>0,05) pada penilaian warna, rasa, aroma dan kesukaan antara susu tanpa penambahan sari kurma dengan susu penambahan sari kurma. Semakin tinggi level penambahan sari kurma pada susu maka warna produk semakin agak cokelat, rasa semakin manis, aroma susu semakin berkurang, aroma kurma semakin terasa dan semakin disukai  konsumen. Penambahan sari kurma pada susu mempengaruhi mampu mempengaruhi karakteristik organoleptik warna, rasa, aroma, dan kesukaan susu kurma. level pemberian sari kurma (20%) memberikan karakteristik produk yang disukai paneli

THE ONTOLOGY OF THE MAQĀṢID

Maqāṣid al-syarī'ah will always be controversial if the study of its ontology is not complete. On the one hand, maqāṣid is God's 'intention' there is inaccessible to humans, so it cannot be known. On the other hand, maqāṣid is the benefit (maṣlaḥat) 'aimed to' by the Shari'a, and it is abstracted in the Qoranic legal verses. The problem is, what is the maqāṣid ontology so that it can be known and there is a way to find out objectively? For this reason, this study uses philosophy as an approach and method. As a result, this study concluded that the nature of maqāṣid as the 'intention' of the Shari'a is the goals (maṣlaḥat) contained in the Islamic legal system. The ontology of maṣlaḥat as the 'goal' by the Shari'a is concepts in the form of ethical or pragmatic values. Finally, this article concluded that the maqāṣid ontology is the axiological values ​​'aimed to' by Shari'a. The axiological values must be used as the goal by humans so that their lives are in accord with Shari'a

The University as a Critical Juncture: The IITs and India’s Quest for the Ideal University

Auf der Grundlage politischer Dokumente der indischen Regierung und der UNESCO-Archive in Paris wird in dieser Dissertation versucht, die Dynamik zu skizzieren, die der Entscheidung zugrunde lag, in den 1950er Jahren in einen technologieintensiven Modernisierungsmodus in Indien zu investieren. Dabei wird kurz auf die Politik eingegangen, die hinter der Gründung der Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) stand, insbesondere des IIT Kharagpur (1950, IIT-Status 1951) und des IIT Bombay. Das zentrale Argument dieser Dissertation ist, dass die IITs in den 1950er Jahren Symbole eines aufstrebenden und selbstbewussten Nationalstaates waren und dass sie im Kleinen die umfassenderen Fragen widerspiegelten, mit denen ein neu unabhängiger sozialistischer postkolonialer Staat zu kämpfen hatte. Dazu gehörten Debatten darüber, welche Art von technologischem Entwicklungspfad eingeschlagen werden sollte, Debatten über die Autonomie der IITs, in denen sich allgemeinere Auseinandersetzungen um die Kontrolle zwischen Bundes- und Provinzregierungen widerspiegelten, und Debatten darüber, wie ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Leistung und gleichberechtigtem Zugang über Kasten und Klassen hinweg hergestellt werden sollte. Durch die Verknüpfung von Archivmaterial über die IITs mit umfassenderen Fragen, mit denen sich der indische Nationalstaat konfrontiert sah, argumentiere ich, dass die IITs sowohl als Symbole des Nationalismus als auch als Entwicklungsinstrument betrachtet werden sollten. Diese Arbeit ist die erste, die sie als Symbole des indischen Nationalismus betrachtet. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, wie bestimmte Arten der Technologie im Einklang mit den umfassenderen Zielen und Transformationen im postkolonialen Staat angepasst und andere abgelehnt wurden. Ich adaptiere die Idee der kritischen Knotenpunkte der Globalisierung und konzentriere mich auf den internationalen Technologietransfer als einen Raum der Verhandlung, Übersetzung und Übertragung. Ich verwende das Konzept als Objektiv, um den Technologietransfer als einen technopolitischen Raum der Verhandlung, Übersetzung und Umwandlung zu untersuchen, aber auch als ein Portal der Globalisierung, das den Fluss von Ideen, Investitionen und Menschen über Zeit und Raum hinweg ermöglicht. Ich argumentiere, dass eine klare Linie zwischen den kolonialen Entscheidungen zur Übernahme bestimmter Formen von Technologie und Definitionen von Entwicklung und deren Institutionalisierung im postkolonialen Staat gezogen werden kann und dass dies die Grundlage für Indiens Erfolg in einer technologisch vermittelten Dienstleistungsindustrie bildete.:TABLE OF CONTENT

The Propertisation of Knowledge:: Leaving the Owner out

Der Aufsatz untersucht am Beispiel der Propertisierung traditionellen Wissens die sozialen und politischen Konsequenzen der Erweiterung des geistigen Eigentums auf Gegenstände, die bis dahin primär einer kulturellen Logik unterstanden. Der Autor analysiert die Komplexität und Kontingenz einer global governance geistiger Eigentumsrechte, sobald diese mit den Anforderungen einer globalen Informationsgesellschaft und der Privatisierung und Ökonomisierung weiter Teile der angewandten Forschung konfrontiert wird. Dabei skizziert er ein mehrdimensionales Spannungsfeld, das geprägt ist vom wirtschaftlichen und politischen Ungleichgewicht zwischen den Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern, von Interessenskonflikten zwischen den lokalen, nationalen, multinationalen und zwischenstaatlichen Akteuren, von nicht hinreichend aufeinander abgestimmten Problemlösungsstrategien und von unterschiedlichen kulturellen Bewertungen des Verhältnisses von Gemeinschaft und Individuum. Der Beitrag führt zu zwei Erkenntnissen: Das Beispiel Indien zeigt, dass staatliche und private Akteure sich nicht notwendigerweise als Interessengemeinschaft im Kampf gegen die Propertisierungswut westlicher Unternehmen begreifen. Zweitens zeigt er, wie die Institutionalisierung des westlichen Modells einer exklusiven Eigentümerschaft an Erfindungen und technischen Innovationen in internationalen Konventionen und handelspolitischen Abkommen eine Situation geschaffen hat, in der nur noch die Rahmenbedingungen, aber nicht mehr die Propertisierung traditionellen Wissens verhandelt werden kann

Effects of Brand Experience on Brand Loyalty in Indonesian Casual Dining Restaurant: Roles of Customer Satisfaction and Brand of Origin

Purpose – this study aims to scrutinize direct and indirect effects of brand experience on brand loyalty and to investigate the moderating effect of brand of origin in the context of Indonesian casual dining restaurant. Design –this paper analyzed the direct effect of brand experience on brand loyalty and also the indirect effect through customer satisfaction. This study inserted the notion of brand of origin as a variable moderating the effect of brand experience on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Methodology – covariance based SEM was used to analyse the data. The robustness of measurements was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. Sobel’s test was employed to test the indirect effect and multigroup analysis was used to investigate the moderating effect of brand of origin. Findings – brand experience was found to have positive direct effects on both customers’ satisfaction and brand loyalty. This study confirmed the indircct effect of brand experience on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction. However, multigroup analyzis did not find the moderating effect in brand of origin. Originality – this study highlights the direct effect of brand experience on brand loyalty. In addition, this study confirmed that customer satisfaction plays an important role in mediating the effect of brand experience on brand loyalty

Entrepreneurial Market Orientation and Marketing Performance: An Evidence From Malang Soybean Cracker Industry

This study aims to test the effect of entrepreneurial market orientation (EMO) as the development of entrepreneurial orientation concept. Particularly, this study tested the dimensions of EMO name innovation, customer orientation, market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on marketing performance. To answer the proposed research objectives, this study used multiple regression analysis. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed into one hundred respondents while only 67 questionnaires collected. The results of multiple regression showed innovation has a positive significant effect on marketing performance. Similar to innovation, this study indicated that customer orientation has a positive significant effect on marketing performance.  As proposed in the hypothesis, this study found that market orientation positively affected marketing orientation. Entrepreneurial orientation as the dimension of EMO was shown to have a significant effect on marketing performance. After the completion of this study, both theoretical and practical contribution are provided

Beban Kerja dengan Stres Kerja Perawat dalam Pelaksanaan Asuhan Keperawatan di Ruang Rawat Inap

This study aims to analyze the relationship between workload and work stress of nurses in implementing nursing care in inpatient rooms. The method used is a cross-sectional survey with 69 respondents. The results showed that nurses had a light workload (68.1%) and nurses who experienced light work stress (60.9%). After statistical tests were carried out, it was found that there was a relationship between workload and work stress of nurses, with a value of p = 0.018 (<0.05). In conclusion, there is a relationship between nurses' workload and work stress in the inpatient room of Luwuk Banggai Hospital.  Keywords: Workload, Implementation of Nursing Care, Work Stres

SHOPPING EXPERIENCE AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

While a traditional marketer aims to enhance customer loyalty, a social marketer focuses on the creation of individual well-being. To date, some social marketing programs have been launched to enhance individual well-being. However, only a few studies have been oriented to investigate subjective well-being, in the domain of traditional marketing. Previous studies have indicated that service quality is an important determinant of subjective well-being for a service organization’s customers. However, this notion is not enough as service quality only captures performance of service in the level of attribute. For that reason, this introduces the notion of experience quality as the determinant of subjective well-being. To have a better knowledge about the relationship between these constructs, this study also inserted the notion of customer satisfaction and perceived shopping enjoyment as mediating variables. Two hundred respondents participated in this study. These respondents were recruited at department stores in Malang, a city in the Province of East Java. A self-administered survey was conducted to collect the data. A Covariance Based Structural Equation Model (CBSEM) was employed to analyze the data. The results of a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the model proposed. The structural model showed that the experience of shopping has significant effects on customer satisfaction, perceived shopping enjoyment, and subjective well-being. However, this study failed to prove the mediating effects of customer satisfaction and perceived shopping enjoyment in the relationship between the shopping experience and subjective well-being. Upon the completion of this study, both theoretical and practical contributions were provided