Amyloid Plaques Beyond Aβ: A Survey of the Diverse Modulators of Amyloid Aggregation

Aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is strongly correlated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent research has improved our understanding of the kinetics of amyloid fibril assembly and revealed new details regarding different stages in plaque formation. Presently, interest is turning toward studying this process in a holistic context, focusing on cellular components which interact with the Aβ peptide at various junctures during aggregation, from monomer to cross-β amyloid fibrils. However, even in isolation, a multitude of factors including protein purity, pH, salt content, and agitation affect Aβ fibril formation and deposition, often producing complicated and conflicting results. The failure of numerous inhibitors in clinical trials for AD suggests that a detailed examination of the complex interactions that occur during plaque formation, including binding of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and metal ions, is important for understanding the diversity of manifestations of the disease. Unraveling how a variety of key macromolecular modulators interact with the Aβ peptide and change its aggregation properties may provide opportunities for developing therapies. Since no protein acts in isolation, the interplay of these diverse molecules may differentiate disease onset, progression, and severity, and thus are worth careful consideration

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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biological properties of hsc scientific basis for hsct

Hematopoiesis—from the Greek term for "blood making"—is the adaptive process by which mature and functional blood cells are continuously replaced over the entire lifetime of an individual. Erythrocytes, platelets, and the various subsets of leukocytes all have finite although different life spans. As a consequence, the daily production of red blood cells, platelets, and neutrophils in homeostatic conditions amount to more than 300 billion cells

The metabolomic approach for the screening of endometrial cancer: validation from a large cohort of women scheduled for gynecological surgery

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological neoplasm in high-income countries. Five-year survival rates are related to stage at diagnosis, but currently, no validated screening tests are available in clinical practice. The metabolome offers an unprecedented overview of the molecules underlying EC. In this study, we aimed to validate a metabolomics signature as a screening test for EC on a large study population of symptomatic women. Serum samples collected from women scheduled for gynecological surgery (n = 691) were separated into training (n = 90), test (n = 38), and validation (n = 563) sets. The training set was used to train seven classification models. The best classification performance during the training phase was the PLS-DA model (96% accuracy). The subsequent screening test was based on an ensemble machine learning algorithm that summed all the voting results of the seven classification models, statistically weighted by each models’ classification accuracy and confidence. The efficiency and accuracy of these models were evaluated using serum samples taken from 871 women who underwent endometrial biopsies. The EC serum metabolomes were characterized by lower levels of serine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Our results illustrate that the serum metabolome can be an inexpensive, non-invasive, and accurate EC screening test

Color and Bioactive Compounds Characteristics on Dehydrated Sweet Cherry Products

It is widely known that quality properties of fruits can be affected by drying processes. The approach was the quality improvement of dried cherry products through the application of combined technologies of drying and pretreatments. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of blanching or sugar infusion prior to air-drying or freezedrying on quality properties such as color, bioactive compounds, and antiradical power of two cherry products (discs and dices). Air-drying caused darkening, whereas freezedrying provoked higher lightness of discs compared to fresh fruit (p<0.05). Cherry dices were lighter than the fresh fruit. A high retention of total anthocyanin (ACY) and phenolic content (TPC) was obtained in blanched freeze-dried discs (ACY=165±22 mg Cyd-3-glu/100 g d.w.; TPC=739± 55 mg GAE/100 g d.w.). Sugar infusion pretreatment caused an important decrease in ACY (31?89 mg Cyd-3-glu/100 g d.w.) and TPC (222?271 mg GAE/100 g d.w.). When blanching was applied prior to air-drying, samples presented the highest antiradical power, similar to that observed in fresh fruit. In dices, the best quality attributes in terms of superficial color were found in control freeze-dried samples since they presented minor shifts in hue angle and a greater preservation of anthocyanin pigments (ACY=211±30 mg Cyd-3-glu/ 100 g d.w.). However, control air-dried dices presented the highest phenolic content (TPC=771±65 mg GAE/100 g d.w.). Regarding the possible application of the dry cherry products, discs could be directly consumed as snacks,while dices could be incorporated as ingredients in fruit bars, cookies, or muffins.Fil: Franceschinis, Lorena Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energias Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energias Alternativas; ArgentinaFil: Sette, Paula Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energias Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energias Alternativas; ArgentinaFil: Schebor, Carolina Claudia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Salvatori, Daniela Marisol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energias Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energias Alternativas; Argentin