Repensando as Leituras da Jurisprudência

The work corresponds to a hypothetical-deductive analysis of the case law is dealt with by the legislator, the judge and theoretician. This analysis derives from the observation and theoretical reflection of the authors and identifies two meta-linguistic approaches, a retrospective content (jurisprudence as a source of law) and other prospective content (jurisprudence as a paradigm of law). Preliminarily, it is concluded that, today, among the different approaches of jurisprudence, stands that can recognize the crisis that we experience and promote the transition we need.O trabalho corresponde a uma análise hipotético-dedutiva de como a jurisprudência é tratada pelas figuras do legislador, do julgador e do doutrinador. Tal análise deriva da observação e reflexão teórica dos autores e identifica duas abordagens de natureza metalinguística, uma de teor retrospectivo (jurisprudência como fonte do Direito) e outra de teor prospectivo (jurisprudência como paradigma do Direito). Preliminarmente, conclui-se que, nos dias atuais, dentre as distintas abordagens da jurisprudência, sobressai aquela capaz de reconhecer a crise por que passamos e promover a transição de que precisamos

ENTRE A POBREZA E A RIQUEZA RENDA DE CIDADANIA COMO POLÍTICA DE INVESTIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO

Erradicar a pobreza é objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas e objetivo fundamental do Estado brasileiro. No Brasil, o problema não é a omissão, mas o simbolismo desse propósito. Além da previsão constitucional, há minuciosa legislação infraconstitucional para tanto. As normas jurídicas que o fundamentam são válidas e aplicáveis, mas não suficientemente efetivas. Talvez porque o foco sejam políticas públicas de assistência, mediante programas de transferência de renda. Isso é importante para o enfrentamento, mas insuficiente para a erradicação da pobreza. Para uma mudança real, a renda de cidadania, se formulada como política pública de investimento e desenvolvimento, pode desempenhar a função social de, senão eliminar, ao menos reduzir o abismo entre a pobreza em que vive número significativo de brasileiros e a riqueza que a sociedade brasileira produz.

Odontometria eletrônica em dentes decíduos: revisão de literatura e relato de caso

Aim: To review the main articles found in the literature on the use of Electronic Apex Locators (EAL) in deciduous teeth, and to represent, through a clinical case report, the importance of using these devices during endodontic treatment in deciduous teeth. Review of literature: A search was performed in the main databases, and 13 articles considered most relevant were selected. All studies showed that the determination of odontometry in deciduous teeth using LEF is quite safe and with good accuracy, and the localizer can be used for this purpose. Case report: In the clinical case presented, the use of EAL was fundamental to obtain an accurate odontometry, besides the reduction of chair time and exposure to ionizing radiation. The case was conducted in two sessions, where in the first one the access surgery was performed, electronic odontometry, manual preparation of the canals and use of intracanal medication of calcium hydroxide. In the second session the intracanal medication was removed and the canals were filled using iodoform paste. Discussion: The use of LEF in the endodontic treatment of primary teeth has been shown to be a safe and efficient tool, with better permormance in determining the working length when compared to other methods. Conclusion: According to the studies presented in the literature review and the clinical case presented, we could verify that the use of LEF contributes positively to treatment, especially in terms of time gain and acurate determination of working length.Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão dos principais artigos encontrados na literatura acerca do uso dos Localizadores Eletrônicos Foraminais (LEF) em dentes decíduos e representar através de um relato de caso clínico, a importância do uso destes dispositivos durante o tratamento endodôntico em dentes decíduos. Revisão da literatura: Foi realizada uma busca nas principais bases de dados, e selecionados 13 artigos considerados mais relevantes. Todos os estudos mostraram que a determinação da odontometria em dentes decíduos utilizando o LEF é bastante segura e com boa acurácia, podendo ser utilizado o localizador para esta finalidade. Relato do caso: No caso clínico apresentado, o uso do LEF foi fundamental para a obtenção de uma odontometria precisa, além da diminuição do tempo de cadeira e identificar reabsorções não detectáveis radiograficamente. O caso foi conduzido em duas sessões, onde na primeira foi realizada a cirurgia de acesso, odontometria eletrônica, preparo manual dos canais e utilização de medicação intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio. Na segunda sessão foi removida a medicação intracanal e os canais foram obturados utilizando pasta iodoformada. Discussão: O uso do LEF no tratamento endodôntico de dentes decíduos tem se mostrado uma ferramenta segura e eficiente, tendo melhor performance na determinação do comprimento de trabalho quando comparado a outros métodos. Conclusão: De acordo com os estudos apresentados na revisão de literatura e o caso clínico apresentado, pudemos constatar que o uso do LEF contribui positivamente ao tratamento, principalmente quanto ao ganho de tempo e determinação confiável e segura do comprimento de trabalho

Adaptação transcultural e validação do questionário the interdisciplinary education perception scale no Brasil / Transcultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaire the interdisciplinary education perception scale in Brazil

Objetivo: Traduzir para a língua portuguesa e validar o questionário “The Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS)” no Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de natureza descritiva e analítica, com abordagem quantitativa, no Centro Universitário Christus, adotando as seguintes etapas: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, revisão por um comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. Resultados: Participaram da etapa de validação do estudo 236 estudantes dos cursos de graduação, sendo 138 alunos da Medicina, 36 da Fisioterapia, 36 da Odontologia e 26 da Enfermagem. As propriedades psicométricas do questionário do estudo revelaram alfa de Cronbach de valor 0,809. O resultado da análise fatorial mostrou que o índice KMO foi 0,836 e o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett foi significativo (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O estudo realizado apresentou boa confiabilidade interna, com ressalva para os componentes de necessidade percebida de cooperação e entendimento dos valores dos outros, mas manteve a estrutura de 18 itens e em 4 subescalas, não sendo indicado a retirada de nenhum item do questionário

Evaluation of the use and need of dental prosthesis in a school clinic: a cross-study / Avaliação do uso e necessidade de prótese dentária numa clínica escola: um estudo transversal

Objective: This paper aims to identify the use and need of prosthesis, age and gender of users of the dental service of the school clinic of a private university in Recife. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed through analysis of medical records. From 2,294 records of the semesters 2016.2 and 2017.1, 790 were analyzed that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was divided into three groups according to the age of the patients (35 - 44, 45 - 64 and 65 - 74 years old) and were analyzed according to gender, prosthesis use, need of prosthesis or use and need of prosthesis. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel © and submitted to statistics. Results: Females were the most expressive in the search of the service (66.1%); besides that, 86.8% of the patients did not wear prosthesis and 71.1% needed to use it. Total Prosthesis was the most used (50%) and the Removable Partial Prosthesis presented the greatest need of use (74%). Conclusion: It was concluded that women from 45 – 64 years old seek more the rehabilitation service, and the need is greater in one arcade, showing an evolution to access the dentist. 

Adaptability and phenotypic stability of sugarcane clones

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar clones de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum) superiores, com boa estabilidade e adaptabilidade, ao se considerar a interação genótipo x ambiente em dois ciclos produtivos. Vinte e cinco clones precoces mais cinco clones testemunhas foram avaliados durante dois cortes (cana-soca e cana-planta), em 24 ambientes. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliadas toneladas de colmos por hectare e toneladas de pol por hectare. Para a verificação da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade, foram utilizados os métodos de regressão bissegmentada e multivariados (AMMI e GGE biplot). De acordo com os três métodos, que são complementares nas informações desejadas, os clones mais promissores em termos de estabilidade e adaptabilidade geral são G5, G12 e G13; estes dois últimos são os mais próximos do genótipo ideal. O clone G13 é altamente produtivo nos ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis, tendo apresentado as maiores médias para tonelada de colmos e de pol por hectare. Os clones G3, G4, G10, G15, G17, G18, G22, G23, G25, G26 e G30 não são recomendados para os 24 ambientes avaliados.The objective of this work was to select superior sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clones with good stability and adaptability, considering the genotype x environment interaction in two productive cycles. Twenty-five early clones plus five control clones were evaluated during two cuts (ratoon cane and plant cane) in 24 environments. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replicates. Tons of stems per hectare and tons of pol per hectare were evaluated. To verify adaptability and stability, the bisegmented regression and the multivariate (AMMI and GGE biplot) methods were used. According to the three methods, which are complementary regarding the desired information, the most promising clones in terms of stability and general adaptability are G5, G12, and G13; the last two are closest to the ideal genotype. The G13 clone is highly productive in favorable and unfavorable environments, presenting the highest averages for ton of stems and pol per hectare. The G3, G4, G10, G15, G17, G18, G22, G23, G25, G26, and G30 clones are not recommended for the 24 evaluated environments

Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions

Uma mensagem supremamente vulnerável: o caso dos adesivos da viatura e os traços kafkianos da justiça criminal no Brasil

This paper has the purpose of discussing the Kafkaesque traces of Criminal Justice in Brazil. It does so based on the comparative analysis of an odd, atypical lawsuit (the case of vehicle adhesives). It also analyzes the short story An Imperial Message, by Franz Kafka. The complete study is accomplished under the perspective of the transdisciplinary field of Law and Art.O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir os traços kafkianos da Justiça Criminal no Brasil a partir da análise comparada de um caso emblemático por sua atipicidade (o caso dos adesivos da viatura) e do conto Uma mensagem imperial, de Franz Kafka, sob a perspectiva do campo teórico transdisciplinar de estudos sobre Direito e Arte