Modelling caregiving interactions during stress

Few studies describing caregiver stress and coping have focused on the effects of informal caregiving for depressed care recipients.The major purpose of this paper was to investigate the dynamics of the informal care support and receipt interactions among caregivers and care recipients using a computational modelling approach.Important concepts in coping skills, strong ties support networks and stress buffering studies were used as a basis for the model design and verification.Simulation experiments for several cases pointed out that the model is able to reproduce interaction among strong tie network members during stress.In addition, the possible equillibria of the model have been determined, and the model has been automatically verified against expected overall properties

Modelling caregiving interactions during stress

Few studies describing caregiver stress and coping have focused on the effects of informal caregiving for depressed care recipients.The major purpose of this paper was to investigate the dynamics of the informal care support and receipt interactions among caregivers and care recipients using a computational modelling approach.Important concepts in coping skills, strong ties support networks and stress buffering studies were used as a basis for the model design and verification.Simulation experiments for several cases pointed out that the model is able to reproduce interaction among strong tie network members during stress.In addition, the possible equillibria of the model have been determined, and the model has been automatically verified against expected overall properties

Maintenance and refurbishment planning for a group of bridges

During the service, highway overpasses are exposed to various deterioration processes. The rate of these unavoidable processes depends on intensity of usage, weather influences and maintenance level. If maintenance works are not planned and executed in an adequate manner, the performance of the structures under consideration reduces. Planning an optimum set of intervention measures on the level of a group of structures is a complex task that is often left to subjective, partial decisions of managers that have to take int the account also financial limitations.\ud A group of 27 highway overpasses, spanning over the highway section under consideration, was analysed. A multi-criteria model for the selection of bridges that should have priority in the refurbishment process was developed. Condition rating data were collected from the periodic check\ud reports and and structured appropriately. Key criteria that need to be taken into the account were identified: condition ration of the whole structure, age of the pass, possibility of joining the works on a string of passes, indirect cost influence, refurbishment cost for a structure and deterioraton rate of the structure. Relative importance among these citeria was determined by using Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP). On this basis, a multi-criteria model to be used for the selection of a set of structures\ud that have refurbishment priority in the case of limited financial contribution was developed. Refurbishment priority was identified for a group of structures that have, as a whole, a maximum overall benefit with respect to the selected criteria and their relative importance. Further, the analysis of the influence of the financial constraint magnitude upon the selection of structures to be repaired and the accompanying benefits ( that can facilitate the decision of the decision-makers' side) was carried out. The obtained results show that the proposed model can serve as an efficient tool used in rational selection of group of structures yielding the maximum overall benefit, and in analysis of possibilitie that lead to additional benefit with minimum financial input

Petrological traverse of the olivine cumulate Séítah formation at Jezero crater, Mars : A perspective from SuperCam onboard Perseverance

International audienceSéítah is the stratigraphically lowest formation visited by Perseverance in the Jezero crater floor. We present the data obtained by SuperCam: texture by imagery, chemistry by LIBS, and mineralogy by VISIR and Raman spectroscopy. The Séítah formation consists of igneous, weakly altered, rocks dominated by millimeter-size grains of olivine with the presence of low-Ca and high-Ca pyroxenes, and other primary minerals (e.g., plagioclase, Cr-Fe-Ti oxides, phosphates). Along a ∼140 m long section in Séítah, SuperCam analyses showed evidence of geochemical and mineralogical variations, from the contact with the overlying Máaz formation, going deeper in the formation. Bulk rock and olivine Mg#, grain size, olivine content increase gradually further from the contact. Along the section, olivine Mg# are not in equilibrium with the bulk rock Mg#, indicating local olivine accumulation. These observations are consistent with Séítah being the deep ultramafic member of a cumulate series derived from the fractional crystallization and slow cooling of the parent magma at depth. Possible magmatic processes and exhumation mechanisms of Séítah are discussed. Séítah rocks show some affinity with some rocks at Gusev crater, and with some martian meteorites suggesting that such rocks are not rare on the surface of Mars. Séítah is part of the Nili Fossae regional olivine-carbonate unit observed from orbit. Future exploration of Perseverance on the rim and outside of the crater will help determine if the observations from the crater floor can be extrapolated to the whole unit, or if this unit is composed of distinct sub-units with various origins