Features of optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in the Middle Urals

The results of studies into the aerosol optical depth (AOD) for the atmosphere in the Middle Urals in the spectrum range of 0.34-1.02 μm for 2004-2010 is presented. The interannual, annual, seasonal, and daily variations in the AOD are analyzed. The major statistical characteristics of the AOD, the parameters of the probability density function of distributions over different wave lengths, and the parameters of Angstrom's formula for the different seasons are calculated. The monitoring stations in the Russian segment of the AERONET network are ranked with respect to the AOD value. A shift from March to May in the spring maximum of the AOD is revealed in comparison with the results of the actinometric observations for the period of 1960-1986. A qualitative assessment is given to the influence of forest and peat fires in the region on the AOD. A classification of the states of aerosol haze in the atmosphere according to the AOD values is proposed. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Complex experiment on studying the microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles and estimating the contribution of atmospheric aerosol-to-earth radiation budget

The primary objective of this complex aerosol experiment was the measurement of microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles in the surface air layer and free atmosphere. The measurement data were used to retrieve the whole set of aerosol optical parameters, necessary for radiation calculations. Three measurement cycles were performed within the experiment during 2013: in spring, when the aerosol generation is maximal; in summer (July), when atmospheric boundary layer altitude and, hence, mixing layer altitude are maximal; and in late summer/early autumn, during the period of nucleation of secondary particles. Thus, independently obtained data on the optical, meteorological, and microphysical parameters of the atmosphere allow intercalibration and inter-complement of the data and thereby provide for qualitatively new information which explains the physical nature of the processes that form the vertical structure of the aerosol field

Effect of wind speed on aerosol optical depth over remote oceans, based on data from the Maritime Aerosol Network

The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. The MAN archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we investigate correlations between ship-borne aerosol optical depth (AOD) and near-surface wind speed, either measured (onboard or from satellite) or modeled (NCEP). According to our analysis, wind speed influences columnar aerosol optical depth, although the slope of the linear regression between AOD and wind speed is not steep (~0.004–0.005), even for strong winds over 10 m s<sup>−1</sup>. The relationships show significant scatter (correlation coefficients typically in the range 0.3–0.5); the majority of this scatter can be explained by the uncertainty on the input data. The various wind speed sources considered yield similar patterns. Results are in good agreement with the majority of previously published relationships between surface wind speed and ship-based or satellite-based AOD measurements. The basic relationships are similar for all the wind speed sources considered; however, the gradient of the relationship varies by around a factor of two depending on the wind data used

Maritime Aerosol Network as a Component of AERONET - First Results and Comparison with Global Aerosol Models and Satellite Retrievals

The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops handheld sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations

Характеристики аэрозоля на научно-исследовательском стационаре «Ледовая база Мыс Баранова» в 2018–2023 гг.

Atmospheric aerosol plays an important role in the processes of radiative transfers and mass exchange by different substances in the “continent–atmosphere–ocean” system. In this paper we discuss the results of a five-year measurement cycle of the atmospheric aerosol characteristics at the polar station “Ice base Cape Baranov”, located on the Bolshevik Island (the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago). The set of the characteristics analyzed includes: the aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere; the ground concentration of aerosol particles in the radius range of 0.15–5 microns; the content of the absorbing substance (soot) in the aerosol in the equivalent of elemental black carbon. The average values of the aerosol characteristics for the general measurement period (from April 2018 to May 2023) were: volumes of submicron and coarse aerosol particles 0.43 and 0.46 μm3/cm3, respectively; mass concentration of black carbon — 45.8 ng/m3; AOT of the atmosphere at a wavelength of 0.5 µm — 0.08; Angstrom selectivity exponent — 1.67. The average annual variation of aerosol and black carbon concentrations is characterized by a maximum in winter (January–March) and a minimum in summer (June–August). A comparison is made against the data from analogous measurements of aerosol characteristics at the polar station in Barentsburg (the Spitsbergen Archipelago) and against the data from model calculations, i. e., MERRA-2 reanalysis. A distinctive feature of the data in the Cape Baranov area is the low content of coarse aerosol — 1.7 less than in Barentsburg. There is agreement with the annual variation of black carbon concentrations at other polar stations, but the opposite nature of the seasonal variability of model (MERRA-2) concentrations: low values in winter and high values in summer. It is shown that the average spectral AODs of the atmosphere at the “Cape Baranov” are intermediate values between the data from polar stations in NyÅlesund and Barentsburg.Представлено обобщение результатов пятилетнего (апрель 2018 г. — май 2023 г.) цикла измерений характеристик атмосферного аэрозоля на полярной станции «Ледовая база Мыс Баранова» (архипелаг Северная Земля). Средние значения характеристик аэрозоля за общий период наблюдений составили: объемы частиц субмикронного и грубодисперсного аэрозоля 0,43 и 0,46 мкм3/см3 соответственно; концентрация поглощающего вещества (черного углерода) — 45,8 нг/м3; аэрозольная оптическая толщина атмосферы на длине волны 0,5 мкм — 0,08. Обсуждаются особенности среднего (многолетнего) годового хода приземных концентраций аэрозоля и черного углерода в сравнении с аналогичными данными на полярной станции в Баренцбурге (архипелаг Шпицберген, 2011–2022 гг.) и модельных расчетов — реанализа MERRA-2

Характеристики аэрозоля над арктическими морями Евразии: результаты измерений 2018 года и среднее пространственное распределение в летне-осенние периоды 2007–2018 годов

In August-September 2018, on the route of the expedition “Arctic-2018” (R/V “Akademik Tryoshnikov”) in the Arctic Ocean we carried out the following cycle of measurements of aerosol characteristics: aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere in the wavelength range of 0.34–2.14 μm, number concentrations of particles with diameters of 0.4–10 μm, and mass concentration of absorbing substance (black carbon) in the near-ground layer. The optical and microphysical characteristics of aerosol were measured using portable sun photometer SPM, photoelectric particle counter AZ-10, and aethalometer MDA. Analysis of the measurements showed that aerosol and black carbon concentrations are maximal in the atmosphere of the Barents Sea and especially in its southern part, subject to outflows of fine aerosol from the north of Europe. The average aerosol characteristics near Kola Peninsula had been 7.2 cm–3 for aerosol concentration, 167 ng/m3 for black carbon concentration, and 0.16 for AOD (0.5 μm). To estimate the specific features of the spatial variations in aerosol over the Arctic seas of Russia, we generalized the measurements in nine (2007–2018) expeditions. All aerosol characteristics are found to decrease from west toward east in the average spatial distribution. The average concentrations of aerosol are 3.5 cm–3, black carbon concentrations are 41.2 ng/m3, and AOD (0.5 μm) values are 0.080 over the Barents Sea; and they decrease to 1.96 cm–3, 24.3 ng/m3, and 0.039 respectively over the East Siberian Sea. The decreasing tendency in the northeastern direction is noted in more detailed latitude-longitude distributions of aerosol characteristics in the atmosphere over the Barents and Kara Seas.В экспедиции «Арктика-2018» проведен очередной цикл измерений характеристик аэрозо­ля: аэрозольной оптической толщи (АОТ) атмосферы, счетных концентраций частиц (0,4–10 мкм) и массовой концентрации сажи. Анализ данных показал, что максимальными концентрациями аэрозоля и сажи отличается атмосфера Баренцева моря и особенно южная часть, подверженная выносам мелкодисперсного аэрозоля с севера Европы. Вблизи Кольского полуострова сред­ние концентрации аэрозоля составили 7,2 см–3, сажи — 167 нг/м3, АОТ (0,5 мкм) — 0,16. Для оценки пространственной изменчивости характеристик аэрозоля проведено обобщение данных измерений в девяти экспедициях (2007–2018). В среднем пространственном распределении отмечен спад всех характеристик аэрозоля с запада на восток. Над Баренцевым морем средние концентрации аэрозоля составляют 3,5 см–3, сажи — 41,2 нг/м3 , АОТ (0,5 мкм) — 0,080, а над Восточно-Сибирским морем они уменьшаются до 1,96 см–3, 24,3 нг/м3 и 0,039 соответственно

Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) as a Component of AERONET

The World Ocean produces a large amount of natural aerosols that have all impact on the Earth's albedo and climate. Sea-salt is the major contributor to aerosol optical depth over the oceans. [Mahowald et al. 2006; Chin et al. 2002; Satheesh et al. 1999; Winter and Chylek, 1997] and therefore affects the radiative balance over the ocean through the direct [Haywood et al. 1999] and indirect aerosol effect [O'Dowd et al. 1999]. Aerosols over the oceans (produced marine and advected from land sources) are important for various atmospheric processes [Lewis and Schwartz, 2004] and remote sensing studies [Gordon, 1997]

Сравнительный анализ характеристик атмосферного аэрозоля в полярных районах Северного и Южного полушарий

In recent decades, onboard scientific vessels, the authors carry out studies of microphysical and optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in high-latitude regions of ocean: mass concentrations of aerosol and “black carbon” in near-water atmospheric layer, disperse composition of particles, aerosol optical depth in wavelength range of 0.34–2.14 mm, and water vapor content of the atmosphere. There are summarized and comparatively analyzed the mean aerosol characteristics, obtained in the Southern Ocean (51st–59th RAE), 100-mile zone near Antarctica, and three regions of theArctic Ocean. The specific features of the spatial distribution and time variations in aerosol parameters in polar regions are discussed.В последнее десятилетие авторами ведутся исследования с борта научных судов микрофизических и оптических характеристик аэрозоля в высокоширотных районах океана: массовой концентрации аэрозоля и «сажи» в приводном слое, дисперсного состава частиц, аэрозольной оптической толщи в диапазоне спектра 0,34–2,14 мкм и влагосодержания атмосферы. В статье проводится обобщение и сравнительный анализ характеристик аэрозоля, полученных в Южном океане (51–59-я РАЭ), 100-мильной зоне вблизи Антарктиды и трех районах Северного Ледовитого океана. Обсуждаются особенности пространственного распределения и временной изменчивости параметров аэрозоля в полярных районах

Maritime aerosol network as a component of AERONET - First results and comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals

The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops hand-held sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations

Maritime Aerosol Network as a component of Aerosol Robotic Network

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): D06204, doi:10.1029/2008JD011257.The paper presents the current status of the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN), which has been developed as a component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). MAN deploys Microtops handheld Sun photometers and utilizes the calibration procedure and data processing (Version 2) traceable to AERONET. A web site dedicated to the MAN activity is described. A brief historical perspective is given to aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements over the oceans. A short summary of the existing data, collected on board ships of opportunity during the NASA Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) Project is presented. Globally averaged oceanic aerosol optical depth (derived from island-based AERONET measurements) at 500 nm is ∼0.11 and Angstrom parameter (computed within spectral range 440–870 nm) is calculated to be ∼0.6. First results from the cruises contributing to the Maritime Aerosol Network are shown. MAN ship-based aerosol optical depth compares well to simultaneous island and near-coastal AERONET site AOD.The work of Tymon Zielinski was supported by Polish national grant AERONET59