CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Commissioning the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker prior to Operations with Cosmic Ray Muons

0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Irradiations of CMS silicon sensors with fast neutrons

The irradiations of CMS silicon sensors with fast neutrons are analyzed. CMS silicon sensors are exposed to an intense flux of fast neutrons in order to assess their performances and reliability. The electrical characteristics of a first batch of sensors have been obtained before and after the neutron irradiation. (Edited abstract) 11 Refs

Radiation damage effects on CMS sensors quality assurance and irradiation tests

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the Centre Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, is a proton-proton collider with a luminosity of 10**3**4/cm**2s and will be working for ten years (starting in 2007). The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) will be one of the four general-purpose detectors. The CMS tracker consists of ten barrel layers, plus 2 multiplied by 9 end cap discs, which amounts to a total of 24 328 silicon sensors with a total area of 206 m**2 silicon, covering a pseudorapidity of vertical bar eta; vertical bar less than approximately equals 2.5. For the sensors close to the beam pipe, fluences of 1.6 center dot 10**1**4n//1 MeV/cm**2 are expected over the ten-year lifetime. To guarantee the functionality of the single-side silicon sensors during the runtime of the LHC, quality assurance was developed. In the two Irradiation Qualification Centers (IQCs) in Karlsruhe, Germany, and Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, a fraction of 1% of the sensors are electrically qualified. In Karlsruhe, the sensors are irradiated with 26-MeV protons and in Louvain-la-Neuve with neutrons at an average energy of 20 MeV. For reasons of flux uncertainties in the CMS tracker, sensors are irradiated with a fluence 50% higher than predicted. For standard float zone silicon, large material dependencies have been observed under irradiation resulting in changes to various electrical parameters. To guarantee the functionality of the sensors in the tracker, it is very important to know these parameters. These electrical parameters have been determined before and after irradiation and are discussed in the following sections

Radiation damage effects on CMS-sensors quality assurance and irradiation tests

The LHC at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) is a proton-proton collider with a luminosity of 10/sup 34/ (1/cm/sup 2/s) be working for 10 years (starting in 2007). CMS will be one of the general purpose detectors. The CMS tracker consists of 10 barrel layers, plus 2 times 9 endcap disks, all together 24328 silicon sensors with a total area of 206m/sup 2/ silicon, covering a pseudorapidity of eta <or= 2.5. For the sensors close to the beam pipe fluences of 1.6 10/sup 14/ (n1MeV/cm/sup 2/) are expected over the 10 years lifetime. To guarantee the functionality of the single side silicon sensors during the runtime of LHC a quality assurance was developed. In the 2 Irradiation Qualification Centers (IQC) in Karlsruhe (Germany) and Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium) a fraction of 1% of the sensors are electrically qualified. In Karlsruhe the sensors are irradiated with 26 MeV - protons and in Louvain-la-Neuve with fast neutrons. For safety reasons sensors are irradiated with a fluence 50% higher than predicted. The electrical parameters are determined before and after irradiation. (3 refs)

Irradiations of CMS silicon sensors with fast neutrons

CMS silicon sensors were exposed to an intense flux of fast neutrons in order to assess their performances and reliability. The electrical characteristics of a first batch of sensors have been obtained before and after the neutron irradiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Design and Test Beam Performance of Substructures of the CMS Tracker End Caps

With its total active silicon area of about 200 squaremetres and more than 15000 silicon modules the silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment at the LHC will be the largest silicon strip detector ever built. While the performance of single silicon modules has already been tested extensively in various test beam experiments, the performance of larger integrated substructures also had to be studied with a particle beam before launching mass production, in order to ensure the envisaged performance of the overall system. In May/June 2004 the performance of a system of two petals of the tracker end caps (TEC), which represents about 1% of the full TEC and forms an autonomous unit in terms of data acquisition, has been studied in a test beam experiment at CERN. In this document the test beam experiment is described and results are presented