Citizens, citizenship and European Union: an open bet? The culture of legality

Although the meanings of citizenship, active citizenship and organized crime are still open to debate, we try to show the evaluation of the culture of legality and the investments in social, economic and cultural programs for youth as a major defense for such a capillary phenomenon. There is also general agreement that EU programs for endorsing citizenship and active citizenship represent an effective tool for creating transnational networks of young people committed to EU values. Thus, they perceive the culture of legality as the best form of protection against arbitrary violence with references not only to a developed (and eventually harmonized) system of legal sanctions, but also to the fulfillment of individual and collective freedom. We try to shed light on these concept by teh tools provided by political science and philosophy of language

Ice-Enriched Loess and the Formation of Periglacial Terrain in Mid-Utopia Planitia, Mars

Landforms suggestive of periglacial processes are commonplace in mid-Utopia Planitia, Mars. They form syngenetically in ground-ice comprised of loess transported by katabatic wind from the NPLDs and enriched by ice through the thaw-freeze cycling of obliquity-driven precipitation

Effectiveness of Hindman's theorem for bounded sums

We consider the strength and effective content of restricted versions of Hindman's Theorem in which the number of colors is specified and the length of the sums has a specified finite bound. Let $\mathsf{HT}^{\leq n}_k$ denote the assertion that for each $k$-coloring $c$ of $\mathbb{N}$ there is an infinite set $X \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ such that all sums $\sum_{x \in F} x$ for $F \subseteq X$ and $0 < |F| \leq n$ have the same color. We prove that there is a computable $2$-coloring $c$ of $\mathbb{N}$ such that there is no infinite computable set $X$ such that all nonempty sums of at most $2$ elements of $X$ have the same color. It follows that $\mathsf{HT}^{\leq 2}_2$ is not provable in $\mathsf{RCA}_0$ and in fact we show that it implies $\mathsf{SRT}^2_2$ in $\mathsf{RCA}_0$. We also show that there is a computable instance of $\mathsf{HT}^{\leq 3}_3$ with all solutions computing $0'$. The proof of this result shows that $\mathsf{HT}^{\leq 3}_3$ implies $\mathsf{ACA}_0$ in $\mathsf{RCA}_0$

Possible polyphase periglaciation and glaciation adjacent to the Moreux impact-crater, Mars

International audienceThe cyclicity and temporal succession of glacial-periglacial periods or epochs are keynotes of cold-climate geology on Earth. Relatively recent work within the Mars community has begun to dissect the mid- to higher-latitudinal terrain of Mars for analogical evidence of similar cold-climate cyclicity and succession.Here, we carry on with this work by focusing on the terrain immediately to the north of the Moreux impact-crater (40–44° N, 43–47° E). The crater is located in northern Arabia Terra, to the south of Protonilus Mensae. It lies astride of and postdates Mars' crustal-dichotomy. The latter is a global geological-boundary that separates the ancient southern-highlands from the relatively younger northern-lowland plains.Using cross-cutting relationships, relative stratigraphy and crater-size frequency distributions (CSFDs) we identify three glacial and two periglacial periods that are temporally intertwined and differentiated by a suite of features unique to each of these periods. For example, we report and discuss clusters of pingo-like mounds amidst ridge and trough terrain or “brain terrain”. On Earth, the former are the work of freeze-thaw cycling; on Mars, the latter are thought to be glacial remnants. In turn, the brain terrain is underlain by small-sized polygons possibly formed by thermal contraction cracking and with margins underlain by degraded ice-wedges. Age estimates derived of CSFDs suggest that the polygonised terrain could as much as ~100 Ma, whereas the brain terrain and pingo-like mounds are thought to be ~1–~10 Ma. Possible terminal-moraines that intercept brain-terrain fragments point to an even more recent period of glaciation.If the CSFD age-estimates are valid, then the polygons that underlie the brain terrain and incise the basin floors of our study zone could be an order of magnitude older than most of the age estimates associated with polygonised terrain at other locations on Mars. The fact that there are two distinct periods of polygonization and periglacial activity with a wide offset of time within one relatively small study zone also highlights the extent to which the freeze-thaw cycling of water might be rooted as iteratively and as deeply in Mars' geological history as is its glaciation

Dwarf-cashew resistance to whitefly (Aleurodicus cocois) linked tomorphological and histochemical characteristics of leaves.

The cashewwhitefly (CW), Aleurodicus cocois, is an important pest of cashewin Brazil. The use of resistant plants may be an effective strategy for the control of this pest. In a preliminary assay,we found thatdwarf-cashewclones showdifferent levels of resistance to CW.Here,we hypothesized that such resistance is associated with morphological characteristics of cashew leaves and their content of phenolic compounds. We determined (i) the attractiveness and suitability for oviposition of five dwarf-cashew clones towards CW, (ii) the leaf morphology and chemistry of those clones, and (iii) the relationship between leaf characteristics and resistance to CW. In greenhouse multiple-choice assays, PRO143/7 and CCP76 showed, respectively, the lowest and highest counts of both CWadults and eggs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that PRO143/7 and EMBRAPA51 have, respectively, the highest and lowest numbers of leaf glandular trichomes.We found a negative correlation between number of trichomes in the abaxial surface of cashew leaves and CW oviposition. In addition, confocal microscopy analysis and histochemical tests with ferrous sulfate indicated a higher accumulation of phenolic compounds in the resistant clone PRO143/7 relative to the other clones. Dwarf-cashew clones did not significantly differ based on the number of leaf epicuticular striations, and the thickness of both leaf lamina and the epidermal layer. The resistance of dwarf-cashew plants to CW is associated with an elevated number of trichomes and accumulation of high levels of phenolics in leaves. Additionally, the contribution of epicuticular striation density and thickness of leaf lamina/epidermal layer are insignificant

Синдром хронической сердечной недостаточности вторичной Тетраде Фалло: клинические и диагностические аспекты на основе одного случая

Department of Pediatrics, Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Congresul III al Medicilor de Familie din Republica Moldova, 17–18 mai, 2012, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Naţională „Maladii bronhoobstructive la copii”, consacrată profesorului universitar, doctor habilitat Victor Gheţeul, 27 aprilie, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaThe authors present a clinical case of a 17 year old boy, which in his clinical and paraclinical data highlighted the following diagnostic: Congenital heart failure; Tetralogy of Fallot; AV Block gr. III; Mitral valve insufficiency gr. IV; Tricuspid valve insufficiency gr. IV; Heart failure NYHA functional class gr. III-IV. The case focuses on complications that may occur in late cardio surgeries and the development of AV block gr. III disorders. If complications arose during the evolution of the disease, there would have been performed multiple pacemaker reimplantations. The article insists on the way how cardiovascular complications start as much as on the importance of prompt medical supervision to ensure the patient’s quality of life.В данной статье описан клинический случай ребёнка в возрасте 17 лет, у которого по клинико-инструментальным данным был установлен клинический диагноз – врожденный порок сердца, Tетрада Фалло, aтриовентрикулярная блокада III-ей степени. Имплантация исскуственного кардиостимулятора ритма сердца (1998, 2002, 2007). Недостаточность митрального клапана IV-ой степени. Недостаточность трикуспидального клапана IV-ой степени. НК IV NYHA

Concentric double hollow grid cathode discharges

A new cathode system, consisting of two concentric spherical hollow grids with two aligned orifices, is investigated by space-resolved Langmuir probe measurements and non-linear dynamics analysis. Negative biases of this spherical hollow grids arrangement lead to the formation of two complex space charge structures in the regions of the orifices. The overall dynamics of the current-voltage characteristic (I–V characteristic) of each discharge is characterized by strong oscillatory behaviour with various waveforms correlated with jumps in the static I–V characteristics. Space-resolved measurements through the two aligned orifices of the two grids show a peak increase of the electron temperature and particle density in the regions of the two space-charge structures. The effects of the biases and Ar pressure on the overall spatial distribution of all plasma parameters are investigated. Two important working points of the concentric double hollow grid cathode discharges are revealed which could make this configuration suitable as an electron source