ACUOS: A System for Modular ACU Generalization with Subtyping and Inheritance

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11558-0_40Computing generalizers is relevant in a wide spectrum of automated reasoning areas where analogical reasoning and inductive inference are needed. The ACUOS system computes a complete and minimal set of semantic generalizers (also called “anti-unifiers”) of two structures in a typed language modulo a set of equational axioms. By supporting types and any (modular) combination of associativity (A), commutativity (C), and unity (U) algebraic axioms for function symbols, ACUOS allows reasoning about typed data structures, e.g. lists, trees, and (multi-)sets, and typical hierarchical/structural relations such as is a and part of. This paper discusses the modular ACU generalization tool ACUOS and illustrates its use in a classical artificial intelligence problem.This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish MINECO under grants TIN 2010-21062-C02-02 and TIN 2013-45732-C4-1-P, by Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO2011/052, and by NSF Grant CNS 13-10109. J. Espert has also been supported by the Spanish FPU grant FPU12/06223.Alpuente Frasnedo, M.; Escobar Román, S.; Espert Real, J.; Meseguer, J. (2014). ACUOS: A System for Modular ACU Generalization with Subtyping and Inheritance. En Logics in Artificial Intelligence. Springer. 573-581. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11558-0_40S573581Alpuente, M., Escobar, S., Espert, J., Meseguer, J.: A Modular Order-sorted Equational Generalization Algorithm. Information and Computation 235, 98–136 (2014)Alpuente, M., Escobar, S., Meseguer, J., Ojeda, P.: A Modular Equational Generalization Algorithm. In: Hanus, M. (ed.) LOPSTR 2008. LNCS, vol. 5438, pp. 24–39. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)Alpuente, M., Escobar, S., Meseguer, J., Ojeda, P.: Order–Sorted Generalization. ENTCS 246, 27–38 (2009)Alpuente, M., Espert, J., Escobar, S., Meseguer, J.: ACUOS: A System for Modular ACU Generalization with Subtyping and Inheritance. Tech. rep., DSIC-UPV (2013), http://www.dsic.upv.es/users/elp/papers.htmlArmengol, E.: Usages of Generalization in Case-Based Reasoning. In: Weber, R.O., Richter, M.M. (eds.) ICCBR 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4626, pp. 31–45. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)Clavel, M., Durán, F., Eker, S., Lincoln, P., Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Talcott, C. (eds.): All About Maude - A High-Performance Logical Framework. LNCS, vol. 4350. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)Clavel, M., Durán, F., Eker, S., Lincoln, P., Martí-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Talcott, C.L.: Reflection, metalevel computation, and strategies. In: All About Maude [6], pp. 419–458Gentner, D.: Structure-Mapping: A Theoretical Framework for Analogy*. Cognitive Science 7(2), 155–170 (1983)Krumnack, U., Schwering, A., Gust, H., Kühnberger, K.-U.: Restricted higher order anti unification for analogy making. In: Orgun, M.A., Thornton, J. (eds.) AI 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4830, pp. 273–282. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)Kutsia, T., Levy, J., Villaret, M.: Anti-Unification for Unranked Terms and Hedges. Journal of Automated Reasoning 520, 155–190 (2014)Meseguer, J.: Conditioned rewriting logic as a united model of concurrency. Theor. Comput. Sci. 96(1), 73–155 (1992)Muggleton, S.: Inductive Logic Programming: Issues, Results and the Challenge of Learning Language in Logic. Artif. Intell. 114(1-2), 283–296 (1999)Ontañón, S., Plaza, E.: Similarity measures over refinement graphs. Machine Learning 87(1), 57–92 (2012)Plotkin, G.: A note on inductive generalization. In: Machine Intelligence, vol. 5, pp. 153–163. Edinburgh University Press (1970)Pottier, L.: Generalisation de termes en theorie equationelle: Cas associatif-commutatif. Tech. Rep. INRIA 1056, Norwegian Computing Center (1989)Schmid, U., Hofmann, M., Bader, F., Häberle, T., Schneider, T.: Incident Mining using Structural Prototypes. In: García-Pedrajas, N., Herrera, F., Fyfe, C., Benítez, J.M., Ali, M. (eds.) IEA/AIE 2010, Part II. LNCS, vol. 6097, pp. 327–336. Springer, Heidelberg (2010

A SPARQL Query Transformation Rule Language — Application to Retrieval and Adaptation in Case-Based Reasoning

International audienceThis paper presents SQTRL, a language for transformation rules for SPARQL queries, a tool associated with it, and how it can be applied to retrieval and adaptation in case-based reasoning (CBR). Three applications of SQTRL are presented in the domains of cooking and digital humanities. For a CBR system using RDFS for representing cases and domain knowledge, and SPARQL for its query language, case retrieval with SQTRL consists in a minimal modification of the query so that it matches at least a source case. Adaptation based on the modification of an RDFS base can also be handled with the help of this tool. SQTRL and its tool can therefore be used for several goals related to CBR systems based on the semantic web standards RDFS and SPARQL

Estimación de la mortalidad atribuible a gripe estacional en España. Temporadas 1980-2008.

El objetivo de este estudio es estimar los excesos de mortalidad atribuibles a gripe estacional por grupos de edad, durante el período 1980-2008 en España, según las causas de mortalidad por "gripe y neumonía", "circulatorias y respiratorias" o "todas las causas". Se aplicó un modelo de regresión cíclica (Serfling modificado) a los datos de mortalidad obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), estimándose los excesos de defunciones mensuales atribuidas a gripe en períodos de circulación viral, con respecto a un nivel basal de mortalidad esperada en ausencia de actividad gripal, para los grupos de causas y de edad planteados. Para todas las temporadas y grupos de causas, más del 90% de los excesos de defunciones atribuibles a gripe estacional se produjeron en el grupo de mayores de 64 años. Se estimó una tasa media anual de excesos de defunciones por gripe y neumonía de 2,68 (IC 95%: 2,65; 2,71) defunciones/100.000 habitantes

Sound archaeology: terminology, Palaeolithic cave art and the soundscape

This article is focused on the ways that terminology describing the study of music and sound within archaeology has changed over time, and how this reflects developing methodologies, exploring the expectations and issues raised by the use of differing kinds of language to define and describe such work. It begins with a discussion of music archaeology, addressing the problems of using the term ‘music’ in an archaeological context. It continues with an examination of archaeoacoustics and acoustics, and an emphasis on sound rather than music. This leads on to a study of sound archaeology and soundscapes, pointing out that it is important to consider the complete acoustic ecology of an archaeological site, in order to identify its affordances, those possibilities offered by invariant acoustic properties. Using a case study from northern Spain, the paper suggests that all of these methodological approaches have merit, and that a project benefits from their integration

Removal efficiency for emerging contaminants in a WWTP from Madrid (Spain) after secondary and tertiary treatment and environmental impact on the Manzanares River

The effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be an important contamination source for receiving waters. In this work, a comprehensive study on the impact of a WWTP from Madrid on the aquatic environment has been performed, including a wide number of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, among them those included in the European Watch List. 24-h composite samples of influent (IWW) and effluent wastewater after secondary (EWW2) and after secondary + tertiary treatment (EWW3) were monitored along two campaigns. Average weekly concentrations in IWW and EWW2 and EWW3 allowed estimating the removal efficiency of the WWTP for pharmaceutical active substances (PhACs). In addition, the impact of EWW3 on the water quality of the Manzanares River was assessed, in terms of PhAC and pesticide concentrations, through analysis of the river water collected upstream and downstream of the discharge point. After a preliminary risk assessment, a detailed evaluation of the impact on the aquatic environment, including a toxicological study and screening of pharmaceutical metabolites, was made for the seven most relevant PhACs: sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and clarithromycin (antibiotics), metoprolol (antihypertensive), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory/analgesic), irbesartan (antihypertensive), and the antidepressant venlafaxine. Among selected PhACs, irbesartan, clarithromycin and venlafaxine presented moderate or high risk in the river water downstream of the discharge. Albeit no acute toxicity was detected, more detailed studies should be carried out for these substances, including additional toxicological studies, to set up potential sublethal and chronic effects on aquatic organisms.This work was developed under the financial support of DRACE INFRAESTRUCTURAS S.A. as a part of the project Estudio de contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales y superficiales de Madrid. The authors acknowledge the support of Jose Ramon Rodriguez from DRACE INFRAESTRUCTURAS S.A., for collection of wastewater and surface water samples, as well as the discussion and useful suggestions from Jesus Angel López, Pedro Miguel Catalinas and Maria Elvira Benito, from Sub-Direccion General de Aguas, Ayuntamiento de Madrid. The University Jaume I of Castellón, Spain (project UJI-B2018-55), the Ministry of Science, Innovation and University, Spain (Ref RTI2018-097417-B-I00) and Generalitat Valenciana, Spain (research group of excellence PROMETEO 2019/040) are also acknowledged. The authors are very grateful to the Serveis Centrals d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) of University Jaume I for the use of LC-MS/MS instrumentation

ASP, Amalgamation and the Conceptual Blending Workflow

We present a framework for conceptual blending – a concept invention method that is advocated in cognitive science as a fundamental, and uniquely human engine for creative thinking. Herein, we employ the search capabilities of ASP to find commonalities among input concepts as part of the blending process, and we show how our approach fits within a generalised conceptual blending workflow. Specifically, we orchestrate ASP with imperative Python programming, to query external tools for theorem proving and colimit computation. We exemplify our approach with an example of creativity in mathematics. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.This work is supported by the 7th Framework Programme for Research of the European Commission funded COINVENT project (FET-Open grant number: 611553). M. Eppe is supported by the German Academic Exchange ServicePeer Reviewe

Anthropic resource exploitation and use of the territory at the onset of social complexity in the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Western Pyrenees: a multi-isotope approach

Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analyses from bone collagen provide information about the dietary protein input, while strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) from tooth enamel give us data about provenance and potential territorial mobility of past populations. To date, isotopic results on the prehistory of the Western Pyrenees are scarce. In this article, we report human and faunal values of the mentioned isotopes from the Early-Middle Neolithic site of Fuente Hoz (Anuntzeta) and the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic site of Kurtzebide (Letona, Zigoitia). The main objectives of this work are to analyze the dietary and territorial mobility patterns of these populations. Furthermore, as an additional aim, we will try to discuss social ranking based on the isotope data and existing literature on this topic in the region of study. Our results show that, based on the bioavailable Sr values, both purported local and non-local humans were buried together at the sites. Additionally, they suggest similar resource consumption based on C3 terrestrial resources (i.e. ovicaprids, bovids, and suids) as the main part of the protein input. Overall, this study sheds light on how individuals from different backgrounds were still buried together and shared the same dietary lifestyle at a time in the Prehistory of Iberia when social complexities started to appear

Shells and humans: molluscs and other coastal resources from the earliest human occupations at the Mesolithic shell midden of El Mazo (Asturias, Northern Spain)

Human populations exploited coastal areas with intensity during the Mesolithic in Atlantic Europe, resulting in the accumulation of large shell middens. Northern Spain is one of the most prolific regions, and especially the so-called Asturian area. Large accumulations of shellfish led some scholars to propose the existence of intensification in the exploitation of coastal resources in the region during the Mesolithic. In this paper, shell remains (molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms) from stratigraphic units 114 and 115 (dated to the early Mesolithic c. 9 kys cal BP) at El Mazo cave (Asturias, northern Spain) were studied in order to establish resource exploitation patterns and environmental conditions. Species representation showed that limpets, top shells and sea urchins were preferentially exploited. One-millimetre mesh screens were crucial in establishing an accurate minimum number of individuals for sea urchins and to determine their importance in exploitation patterns. Environmental conditions deduced from shell assemblages indicated that temperate conditions prevailed at the time of the occupation and the morphology of the coastline was similar to today (rocky exposed shores). Information recovered relating to species representation, collection areas and shell biometry reflected some evidence of intensification (reduced shell size, collection in lower areas of exposed shores, no size selection in some units and species) in the exploitation of coastal resources through time. However, the results suggested the existence of changes in collection strategies and resource management, and periods of intense shell collection may have alternated with times of shell stock recovery throughout the Mesolithic.This research was performed as part of the project “The human response to the global climatic change in a littoral zone: the case of the transition to the Holocene in the Cantabrian coast (10,000–5000 cal BC) (HAR2010-22115-C02-01)” funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. AGE was funded by the University of Cantabria through a predoctoral grant and IGZ was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through a Juan de la Cierva grant. We also would like to thank the University of Cantabria and the IIIPC for providing support, David Cuenca-Solana, Alejandro García Moreno and Lucia Agudo Pérez for their help. We also thank Jennifer Jones for correcting the English. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the paper