Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome vs Classical Kawasaki Disease: A Meta-analysis and Comparison With SARS-CoV-2 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of increasing reports worldwide of a severe inflammatory process and shock in pediatric patients resembling Kawasaki disease (KD) and more specifically Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS), prompted us to explore KDSS in a preamble of a systematic comparison between the two conditions. METHODS: We completed a systematic review of KDSS and performed a meta-analysis comparison between reported KDSS cases and KD controls. RESULTS: A total of ten case-control series were included in the meta-analysis. KDSS patients were older (38.4 ± 30.6 vs. 21.9±19.5 months; P<0.001) compared to standard KD with equal sex distribution and completeness of clinical diagnostic criteria. KDSS present higher CRP (59.4±29.2 mg/dL vs. 20.8±14.8 mg/dL; p<0.001), lower albumin (2.7±0.5 g/dL vs. 3.3±0.5 g/dL; p<0.01), and lower platelets (255±149 109/L vs. 394±132 109/L; p<0.001) but only borderline higher WBC's (p=0.06). Differences in ALT, AST and ESR were non-significant. The odds of IVIG resistance (44.4% vs. 9.6%; (p<0.001) and the hospital length of stay (10.9±5.8 vs. 5.0±3.0 days; p<0.001) were higher in KDSS as were the odds of coronary artery abnormalities (33.9% vs. 8.6%; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This first meta-analysis on KDSS versus KD represents a basis for future works on KDSS and opens the opportunity for future multicenter studies in the search of causal relationships between presenting elements and the eventual complications of KDSS. The similarities between SARS-CoV-2 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and KDSS open new horizons to the understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology related to KDSS

Une approche quantitative de la loi de Beer- Lambert avec un smartphone. Seconde partie.

International audienceDans la première partie de cet article nous avons étudié expérimentalement l'absorption de la lumière dans un milieu matériel et confronté les résultats obtenus à la loi de Beer-Lambert. Dans cette seconde partie, support théorique de la première, nous présentons un modèle physique qui décrit quantitativement les observations de la partie 1 et établit la loi de Beer-Lambert. Pour terminer nous nous intéressons à l'absorbance en lumière polychromatique après avoir rappelé à l'aide du modèle de Drude que l'interaction matière-rayonnement dépend de la fréquence de l'onde incidente. I. Quelques éléments théoriques Le but ici n'est pas de développer systématiquement la théorie de la diffusion de la lumière que l'on trouve facilement dans de nombreux ouvrages [1] mais d'introduire les concepts pertinents et les lois associées de la façon la plus parlante possible. Nous présentons un modèle corpusculaire, dans lequel la lumière est conçue comme un flot de photons impactant des obstacles dilués dans un solvant. Cette approche, à caractère mécanique, nous semble plus intuitive que les démonstrations usuelles basées sur la conservation de l'énergie

A rare case of locally advanced fibrosarcoma of diaphysal humerus managed successfully with limb-sparing procedures after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Fibrosarcomas (FS) of bone are a rare malignancy accounting for less than 5% of all primary malignant bone neoplasms. Diagnosis and treatment approaches of this entity are complex and require a skilled and experienced multidisciplinary team

Diagnostic study of the roughness surface effect of zirconium on the third-order nonlinear-optical properties of thin films based on zinc oxide nanomaterials

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and zirconium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Zr) thin films were deposited by reactive chemical pulverization spray pyrolysis technique on heated glass substrates at 500 °C using zinc and zirconium chlorides as precursors. Effects of zirconium doping agent and surface roughness on the nonlinear optical properties were investigated in detail using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and third harmonic generation (THG) technique. The best value of nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) was obtained from the doped films with less roughness. A strong third order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) = 20.12 × 10−12 (esu) of the studied films was found for the 3% doped sample

Roughness effect on photoluminescence of cerium doped zinc oxide thin films

Undoped and cerium doped zinc oxide thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. The influence of Ce as doping agent on the optical and nonlinear optical properties was carefully investigated using transmission, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and third harmonic generation (THG). It has been found a deep correlation between the surface roughness and the optical properties. In fact the roughness deteriorates the luminescence and nonlinear response, in a sense that the highest luminescence intensity and nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) are obtained for the smoothest layer.Doped layers are characterized with a high visible luminescence, attributed to cerium transitions, and susceptibilities in the range of 6.38 × 10−13 esu

Lab to Field Assessment of the Ecotoxicological Impact of Chlorpyrifos, Isoproturon, or Tebuconazole on the Diversity and Composition of the Soil Bacterial Community

Pesticides are intentionally applied to agricultural fields for crop protection. They can harm non-target organisms such as soil microorganisms involved in important ecosystem functions with impacts at the global scale. Within the frame of the pesticide registration process, the ecotoxicological impact of pesticides on soil microorganisms is still based on carbon and nitrogen mineralization tests, despite the availability of more extensive approaches analyzing the abundance, activity or diversity of soil microorganisms. In this study, we used a high-density DNA microarray (PhyloChip) and 16S rDNA amplicon next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze the impact of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CHL), the phenyl-urea herbicide isoproturon (IPU), or the triazole fungicide tebuconazole (TCZ) on the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the combination of these approaches are applied to assess the impact of these three pesticides in a lab-to-field experimental design. The PhyloChip analysis revealed that although no significant changes in the composition of the bacterial community were observed in soil microcosms exposed to the pesticides, significant differences in detected operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the field experiment between pesticide treatments and control for all three tested pesticides after 70 days of exposure. NGS revealed that the bacterial diversity and composition varied over time. This trend was more marked in the microcosm than in the field study. Only slight but significant transient effects of CHL or TCZ were observed in the microcosm and the field study, respectively. IPU was not found to significantly modify the soil bacterial diversity or composition. Our results are in accordance with conclusions of the Environmental Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which concluded that these three pesticides may have a low risk toward soil microorganisms

Mutability and Importance of a Hypermutable Cell Subpopulation that Produces Stress-Induced Mutants in Escherichia coli

In bacterial, yeast, and human cells, stress-induced mutation mechanisms are induced in growth-limiting environments and produce non-adaptive and adaptive mutations. These mechanisms may accelerate evolution specifically when cells are maladapted to their environments, i.e., when they are are stressed. One mechanism of stress-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli occurs by error-prone DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. This mechanism was linked previously to a differentiated subpopulation of cells with a transiently elevated mutation rate, a hypermutable cell subpopulation (HMS). The HMS could be important, producing essentially all stress-induced mutants. Alternatively, the HMS was proposed to produce only a minority of stress-induced mutants, i.e., it was proposed to be peripheral. We characterize three aspects of the HMS. First, using improved mutation-detection methods, we estimate the number of mutations per genome of HMS-derived cells and find that it is compatible with fitness after the HMS state. This implies that these mutants are not necessarily an evolutionary dead end, and could contribute to adaptive evolution. Second, we show that stress-induced Lac+ mutants, with and without evidence of descent from the HMS, have similar Lac+ mutation sequences. This provides evidence that HMS-descended and most stress-induced mutants form via a common mechanism. Third, mutation-stimulating DSBs introduced via I-SceI endonuclease in vivo do not promote Lac+ mutation independently of the HMS. This and the previous finding support the hypothesis that the HMS underlies most stress-induced mutants, not just a minority of them, i.e., it is important. We consider a model in which HMS differentiation is controlled by stress responses. Differentiation of an HMS potentially limits the risks of mutagenesis in cell clones

Influence of strontium substitution on the dielectric properties of Ca(1−x)SrxTi0.9Zr0.1O3 solid solutions

International audienceA conventional solid-state reaction has been used to synthesize the perovskite Ca(1 − x)SrxTi(1 − y)ZryO3 (y = 0.1). The aim of this study is focused on the development of new materials with complex perovskite structure and on their dielectric property improvement. The temperature and substitutional ratio effects on the different phase evolutions is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope observations. These ceramics sintered at 1500 °C, present a density higher than 95% and their dielectric properties are significantly affected by the substitution. The CaTiO3 ceramic present a relative permittivity of 190 and the temperature coefficient of the permittivity of − 1828 ppm/C°. The substitution with zirconium (for x = 0 and y = 0.1: Σ = 145; |Σ = − 917 ppm/C°). Both permittivity and temperature coefficient values decrease; however, an opposite effect is observed when substituting with the strontium. With increasing an x value and maintaining a y value constant (y = 0.1), the dielectric constant increases and the temperature coefficient remains constant. Therefore, the dielectric properties of CaTiO3 ceramics are improved with the combined substitution

Influence of strontium substitution on the dielectric properties of Ca(1−x)SrxTi0.9Zr0.1O3 solid solutions

International audienc