59 research outputs found
Neighbourhood walkability and home neighbourhood-based physical activity: an observational study of adults with type 2 diabetes
A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behaviour: A âDeterminants of Diet and Physical Activityâ (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review.
Background: Participation in regular physical activity is associated with a multitude of health benefits across the life course. However, many people fail to meet PA recommendations. Despite a plethora of studies, the evidence regarding the environmental (physical) determinants of physical activity remains inconclusive.
Objective: To identify the physical environmental determinants that influence PA across the life course.
Methods: An online systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. The search was limited to studies published in English (January 2004 to April 2016). Only systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of observational studies, that investigated the association between physical determinants and physical activity outcomes, were eligible for inclusion. The extracted data were assessed on the importance of determinants, strength of evidence and methodological quality.
Results: The literature search identified 28 SLRs and 3 MAs on 67 physical environmental characteristics potentially related to physical activity that were eligible for inclusion. Among preschool children, a positive association was reported between availability of backyard space and outdoor toys/equipment in the home and overall physical activity. The availability of physical activity programs and equipment within schools, and neighbourhood features such as pedestrian and cyclist safety structure were positively associated with physical activity in children and adolescents. Negative street characteristics, for example, lack of sidewalks and streetlights, were negatively associated with physical activity in adults. Inconsistent associations were reported for the majority of reviewed determinants in adults.
Conclusion: This umbrella SLR provided a comprehensive overview of the physical environment determinants of physical activity across the life course and has highlighted, particularly amongst youth, a number of key determinants that may be associated with overall physical activity. Given the limited evidence drawn mostly from cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies are needed to further explore these associations
The relationship between objectively measured attributes of the built environment and selected cardiovascular risk factors in a South African urban setting
BACKGROUND: Evidence concerning the relationship between objectively-measured attributes of the built
environment with cardio-metabolic risk in populations from lower- and middle-income countries is lacking. In this
paper, we describe the association between the objectively-measured built environment with body mass index,
blood pressure and physical activity in adult South Africans.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 341 adults aged â„35 years drawn from the Cape Town arm of the
Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study. All Cape Town PURE participants were invited to take
part in the study. Actigraph GT3X accelerometer and Geographic Information Systems were used to measure
physical activity and built environment attributes (community center, shopping center and taxi rank).
RESULTS: In age and sex adjusted models (reference 500 m), access to community centers (1000 m) was positively
related to body mass index [beta 4.70 (95%CI: 2.06 to 7.34)] and diastolic blood pressure [4.97 (0.00 to 9.95)].
Distance from a community center (1600 m) was positively related to diastolic blood pressure [6.58 (1.57 to 11.58)]
and inversely with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [â 69.30 (â 134.92 to â 3.70)]. Distance to a shopping
center (1600 m) was positively related to body mass index [4.78 (1.11 to 8.45)] and shopping center (1000 m) was
positively related to systolic blood pressure respectively [76.99 (0.03 to 83.95)].
CONCLUSION: Distance to community and shopping centers were significantly associated with BMI, systolic, diastolic
blood pressure and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Future research should include multiple aspects of built
environment variables in order to provide for a broader understanding of their effect on cardiovascular risk profile
of African populations
Associations between neighbourhood walkability and daily steps in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Connectivity and physical activity: using footpath networks to measure the walkability of built environments
Effects of Mobile Health App Interventions on Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Fitness in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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